胶西北三山岛伟晶岩型脉状钼矿化成因及对胶东钼成矿的指示意义

胶东是我国重要的金矿集中区,同时也是重要的铜钼多金属成矿区。胶东中东部地区分布有一些不同规模的钼矿床,但是在胶西北地区,尚没有钼矿化的报道。随着深部探矿工作的不断推进,近来在胶西北三山岛金矿区,已发现含辉钼矿化的伟晶岩发育于胶东群和玲珑岩体内。伟晶岩主要由钾长石、石英、白云母、辉钼矿、萤石、黄铁矿组成,此外还含有少量的斜长石、黄铜矿、闪锌矿和赤铁矿等矿物。辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为149.9~151.3Ma,加权平均值为150.0±1.0Ma,Re-Os等时线年龄为149.7±1.5Ma,表明伟晶岩形成于约150Ma。钾长石中还发育有大量的矿物包体,包括黄铁矿、方铅矿、赤铁矿、金红石、氧化铬、重晶石、萤石、天青石、碘化锑以及一些含Fe、Mn、Mg、Ca、Sb的碳酸盐矿物,表明原始流体富含金属元素,具备形成金属矿床的潜力。石英中流体包裹体主要有两种类型:纯CO2包裹体和CO2-H2O包裹体,并且一些包裹体中存在少量的CH4、N2等组分。显微测温结果显示,纯CO2包裹体初熔温度的分布范围为-57.3~-56.6℃,部分均一温度的分布范围为18.5~25.1℃,包裹体的密度为0.71~0.79g/cm3。CO2-H2O包裹体的初熔温度为-57.4~-56.6℃,部分均一温度为9.4~31.1℃,笼合物消失温度为4.1~8.3℃,均一温度分布范围为279~350℃,其对应的盐度为3.33%~10.33%NaC leqv,包裹体的密度为0.74~1.00g/cm3。显微测温结果表明流体为富含挥发分、中低盐度的H2O-CO2-NaC l型热液。石英中流体包裹体的δD值的范围为-69.6‰~-56.3‰,δ18O值的分布范围为3.2‰~5.6‰,黄铁矿的δ34S值的范围为4.1‰~5.0‰,表明伟晶岩的形成与岩浆热液关系密切。钾长石的Pb同位素分析结果:206Pb/204Pb=16.7212~17.0287,207Pb/204Pb=15.4093~15.5139,208Pb/204Pb=37.4811~37.9003,其特征与玲珑花岗岩相似,而与胶东群变质岩和中生代脉岩的Pb同位素组成不同。辉钼矿Re含量变化范围为4.66×10-6~29.20×10-6,平均15.49×10-6。Re含量介于壳源与壳幔混源之间,但更偏向壳源,表明成矿物质主要来自于地壳。综合以上的研究成果,本文认为伟晶岩形成于玲珑花岗岩岩浆期后热液,其中辉钼矿化的出现对胶东钼矿化具有重要的指示意义。     

极富CO_2流体的造山型金矿:苏丹哈马迪金矿

哈马迪金矿位于苏丹东北部,矿床产于阿拉伯-努比亚地盾新元古界变质岩系中,属于受剪切带控制的造山型金矿床。金矿体赋存在角闪片岩内近南北向的片理化蚀变带中,围岩蚀变主要为黄铁绢英岩化,以及绿泥石化和碳酸盐化等。在含矿石英细脉中赋存有大量的极富CO2的碳质流体包裹体。这些包裹体几乎不含水,含有少量CH4(XCH4=0~0.10)。脉石英中碳质流体包裹体既有孤立或随机分布的原生包裹体,也有呈线性分布的次生包裹体,最晚期还有次生水溶液包裹体的分布。碳质流体包裹体的三相点(Tm,CO2)范围变化不大(-58.4~-57.0℃),但均一温度(Th,CO2)范围变化较大(-19℃~+29℃)。捕获的P-T条件可由LCO2包裹体的ρ值或Th,CO2值,以及与其伴生的CO2-H2O包裹体最终均一温度Th,TOT值,从有关相图中估算。早期碳质流体包裹体的捕获P-T条件范围为280~360℃、80~320MPa。金矿化发生在变质峰期之后的退变质作用晚期。广泛发育的热液蚀变说明碳质流体并非来自单一的流体源,寄主石英变形很弱也不能解释水从H2O-CO2-盐流体包裹体中优先淋失、残留大量的CO2±CH4包裹体。碳质流体包裹体可能的成因是:在金成矿的退变质时期,来自深部的H2O-CO2-盐流体,由于P-T下降而发生不混溶,H2O在热液蚀变中被大量消耗,而CO2则以碳质流体包裹体的形式被得捕获在脉石英中。     

矽卡岩岩浆对中国北方某些矽卡岩型矿床形成的制约——来自包裹体激光拉曼分析证据

本文将报道中国北方主要矽卡岩型矿床矿物熔融包裹体和流体-熔融包裹体的激光拉曼分析结果。研究目的是确认这些矿化矽卡岩矿物是否含熔融包裹体和流体-熔融包裹体,获取有关它们相态特征和相组成以及它们的分布状况(是局部的、偶然性的,还是广泛的)的信息。文章对邯邢铁矿、蒙库铁矿和杨家杖子钼矿等9个矿床12块标本中石榴石、辉石和方解石或白云石中23个包裹体进行了共聚焦激光拉曼光谱仪分析。拉曼分析结果表明,所研究的矽卡岩矿物均含熔融包裹体和/或流体-熔融包裹体,它们是岩浆矽卡岩的直接证据。结合本文激光拉曼分析结果、地质背景和其他地区岩浆矽卡岩矿物包裹体测温学研究,对所研究矽卡岩的形成机制和岩浆矽卡岩对中国北方某些矽卡岩型矿床的制约进行了讨论。认为含有熔融包裹体和/或流体-熔融包裹体的矿化矽卡岩系岩浆成因,其分布范围广泛,规模不小。中国北方某些矽卡岩型矿床的时空分布和规模受控于该地区分布的岩浆矽卡岩。希望本文有助于拓宽矽卡岩型矿床成矿规律研究和深部找矿勘探的思路。     

新疆西准噶尔苏云河钼矿床成矿流体和成矿时代

苏云河钼矿位于新疆北部西准噶尔巴尔鲁克山西段,隶属于巴尔鲁克山成矿带,由3个花岗岩体组成,矿体主要位于与岩体接触的凝灰岩地层中。辉钼矿的Re-Os模式年龄为293.3±4.0Ma~296.8±4.3Ma,等时线年龄为294.4±1.7Ma,加权平均年龄为295.0±1.5Ma,表明矿化发生于早二叠世。苏云河钼矿床的石英脉中发育3种类型的包裹体:富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体。研究表明,与3个岩体矿化有关的流体具有类似特征,均可以分为3个阶段。早阶段三种类型的包裹体均发育,均一温度491℃,盐度58.6%Na Cleqv,密度1.15g/cm3,具有高温、高盐度、高密度的特征,属Na Cl-CO2-H2O体系。中阶段发育富液相包裹体和富气相包裹体,均一温度为240~443℃,盐度为1.7%~21.0%Na Cleqv,密度为0.38~1.03g/cm3,为中高温、中低盐度、中低密度流体,属Na Cl-CO2-CH4-H2O体系。晚阶段仅发育富液相包裹体,均一温度为153~239℃,盐度为9.6%Na Cleqv,密度为0.81~0.94g/cm3,为中低温、低盐度、中低密度流体,属Na Cl-H2O体系。石英包裹体中水的氢氧同位素研究表明早阶段的成矿流体以岩浆水为主,中阶段和晚阶段为岩浆水和大气水的混合水,并且随着流体演化,大气水所占的比例逐渐升高。除此之外,综合流体包裹体和氢氧同位素地球化学特征表明流体沸腾作用和混合作用是引起苏云河钼矿床矿质沉淀的主要因素。     

西藏冈底斯朱诺斑岩型铜矿床流体包裹体特征

冈底斯是我国重要的斑岩型铜矿带,东段已发现一系列大型-超大型斑岩矿床且研究程度较高,而西段仅发现朱诺一例大型斑岩铜矿床,且研究程度较低,这不利于冈底斯东西段的对比研究。本文对朱诺矿床进行了流体包裹体岩相学研究、包裹体测温及激光拉曼光谱分析,并与冈底斯东段的驱龙斑岩矿床开展了对比。研究表明朱诺矿床共发育四种类型包裹体,分别为富液相气液两相水溶液包裹体(LV)、富气相气液两相水溶液包裹体(VL)、含子晶多相(LVH)及富CO2三相(C)包裹体。从成矿早期到晚期(即由A脉向B脉至D脉阶段),包裹体均一温度集中分布在350~550℃、250~350℃、250~300℃,盐度为5%~55%NaCleqv、5%~40%NaCleqv、2%~10%NaCleqv,显示包裹体均一温度及盐度呈递减趋势。而在B脉阶段,在显微镜下同一视域内可见不同类型(LV、VL、LVH)的包裹体共存,并且具有相似的均一温度而盐度变化较大特征,这是流体沸腾的明显标志,预示压力的降低及硫化物的沉淀。通过压力估算得到朱诺矿床A、B、D脉阶段的成矿深度分别为2.9km、2.7km、2.3km。通过与驱龙铜矿的对比,朱诺矿床硬石膏发育相对较弱,预示成矿流体氧逸度相对驱龙矿床低,此外二者在包裹体类型、温度、盐度等方面相似,但朱诺的成矿深度比驱龙的略浅,这在冈底斯西段总体剥蚀程度相对东段低的背景下是有利于矿床的寻找。     

Stable carbon isotope ratios of CH4-rich gas inclusions in shale-hosted fracture-fill mineralization: A tool for tracing hydrocarbon generation and migration in shale plays for oil and gas

Fluid inclusion gases in minerals from shale hosted fracture-fill mineralization have been analyzed for stable carbon isotopic ratios of CH₄ using a crushing device interfaced to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). The samples of Paleozoic strata under study originate from outcrops and wells in the Rhenish Massif and Campine Basin, Harz Mountains, and the upper slope of the Southern Permian Basin. Fracture-fill mineralization hosted by Mesozoic strata was sampled from drill cores in the Lower Saxony Basin. Some studied sites are candidates for shale gas exploration in Germany. Samples of Mesozoic strata are characterized by abundant calcite-filled horizontal fractures which preferentially occur in TOC-rich sections of the drilled sediments. Only rarely are vertical fractures filled with carbonates and/or quartz in drill cores from Mesozoic strata but in Paleozoic shale they occur frequently. The δ¹³C(CH₄) values of fluid inclusions in calcite from horizontal fractures hosted by Mesozoic strata suggest that gaseous hydrocarbons were generated during the oil/early gas window and that the formation of horizontal fractures seems to be related to hydraulic expulsion fracturing. The calculated maturity of the source rocks at the time of gas generation lies below the maturity derived from measured vitrinite reflectance. Thus, the formation of horizontal fractures and trapping of gas that was generated in the oil and/or early gas window obviously occurred prior to maximal burial. Rapidly increasing vitrinite reflectance data seen locally can be explained by hydrothermal alteration, as indicated by increasing δ¹³C (CH₄–CO₂) values in fluid inclusions. The formation of vertical fractures in studied Mesozoic sediments is related to stages of post-burial inversion; gas-rich inclusions in fracture filling minerals recorded the migration of gas that had probably been generated instantaneously, rather than cumulatively, from high to overmature source rocks. Since no evidence is given for the presence of early generated gas in studied Paleozoic shale, it appears likely that major gas loss from shales occurred due to deformation and uplift of these sediments in response to the Variscan Orogeny.     

胶东大柳行金矿田庵口金矿床成矿流体与成矿物质来源

庵口金矿床是位于大柳行金矿田东北部的石英脉型中型金矿床,矿体呈脉状产于郭家岭岩体内部的北东东向断裂带内。目前,对该矿床的研究相对较少,为探讨其成矿流体性质与成矿物质来源,文章通过井下观察、岩相学、流体包裹体测温、激光拉曼分析和同位素测试,将该矿床热液成矿期划分为黄铁矿石英阶段(Ⅰ)、石英黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ)、多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)和碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)。流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体含富液相和富气相包裹体,包裹体气相成分以CO₂为主,少量N₂、CH₄,总体为中低温、低盐度CO₂-H₂O-NaCl体系,成矿早期(Ⅰ阶段)和主成矿期(Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段)温度变化不大,盐度呈降低趋势,流体演化过程中发生了流体不混溶(沸腾)。H-O同位素测试表明,成矿流体可能主要来源于郭家岭岩体出溶的岩浆水;S、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素示踪显示,成矿物质可能主要来源于重熔活化的下地壳(前寒武纪变质基底),并在向上运移过程中混入了上地壳物质。     

Carbon Enrichment in the Lithospheric Mantle: Evidence from the Melt Inclusions in Mantle Xenoliths from the Hainan Basalts

It is generally believed that the lithospheric mantle and the mantle transition zone are important carbon reservoirs. However, the location of carbon storage in Earth’s interior and the reasons for carbon enrichment remain unclear. In this study, we report CO₂-rich olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the mantle xenoliths of late Cenozoic basalts from the Penglai area, Hainan Province, which may shed some light on the carbon enrichment process in the lithospheric mantle. We also present ...     

Fluid Charging and Paleo-pressure Evolution in the Ledong Slope Zone of the Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea

Large numbers of gas reservoirs have been discovered in overpressure basins. Fluid charging has a close relationship with paleo-pressure evolution, affecting the migration of gas reservoirs. To study fluid charging and the related pressure system, we analyzed burial histories and fluid inclusion(PVTx) simulations and conducted basin modeling of the Ledong Slope Zone in the Yinggehai Basin as an example. On the basis of fluid-inclusion assemblages(FIAs), homogenization temperature(Th), final melt...