人造气液包裹体方法及其在研究热液性质中的应用

人造气液包裹体方法在研究热液的物理化学性质方面较传统方法简便、易行。它可用于研究热液的等容线、不混溶性质及矿物在热液中的溶解度。本文解释了人造气液包裹体的合成方法和人造气液包裹体方法的原理,分述了应用此方法研究热液所取得的最新成果。此法不仅能用于研究热液的性质,也能用于其它方面的研究,具有广阔的前景。     

Experimental diffusion of hydrogen into synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz

Abstract Quartz-hosted, synthetic CO₂-H₂O fluid inclusions behave as open systems with respect to diffusional transfer of hydrogen during laboratory-simulated metamorphic re-equilibration at 650, 750 and 825°C and 1.5 kbar total pressure with f_O2 defined by the C-CH₄ buffer. Microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy show that the initial CO₂-H₂O inclusions become CO₂-CH₄-H₂-H_2O
inclusions after diffusive influx of hydrogen from the reducing confining medium. Measurable changes are observed in inclusion compositions after only 15 days of re-equilibration, implying significant hydrogen mobility at still lower temperatures over geological time spans. Results of synthetic inclusion re-equilibrium experiments have profound implications for the interpretation of natural fluid-inclusion data; failure to account for potential hydrogen migration in inclusions from high-temperature geological environments may lead to erroneous estimates of P-T, and/or the compositions of metamorphic fluids.     

不同晶形石盐沉积生长特征及对包裹体温度的影响

石盐晶体生长过程中捕获流体包裹体，利用冷冻测温法得到的均一温度信息与古水温存在良好的相关性。在部分地区，利用包裹体最大均一温度评价古气候时，温度数据与孢粉学反映的气候特征存在冲突，不同晶形的石盐沉积特征，及其晶体条纹内包裹体温度代表的地质含义需进一步探讨。笔者在分析经典测温数据的基础上，观察常温蒸发实验中漏斗晶和人字晶的形成及生长过程，分析了不同温度段均一温度与气温、水温之间的关系。结合现代气象记录数据，分析了最大均一温度评价气候时存在的局限性。研究认为：漏斗晶晶核形成与卤水表面，包裹体温度受温度和气压共同影响，漏斗晶在卤水底部绕核生长，漏斗晶外围包裹体温度对应水底温度，沉入水下后漏斗晶生长缓慢，包裹体最大温度可能代表年度最高温度，以此为指标评价气候得出的结论过于炎热；人字晶是多个漏斗晶之间的桥接部分，大部分形成于卤水蒸发将近结束之时，人字形条纹内包裹体温度受气温和地表温度共同影响，地表温度远大于气温是造成包裹体最高温度过高的主要原因。     

湘西南石英脉型金矿矿物流体包裹体pH值和Eh值的估算

以湘西南石英脉型金矿床为例,研究ｐ Ｈ、Ｅｈ 估算值的结果表明利用围岩蚀变反应方程以及采用碱金属离子、卤素元素离子估算ｐＨ 值是不完善的。本文根据热力学原则（ 相平衡、电价中和） 提出了矿物流体包裹体成分体系计算ｐＨ 估算值的方法,并且讨论了测试包裹体时气体成分外逸是影响ｐＨ 和Ｅｈ 估算值的主要因素之一。     

利用灵山洞钟乳石中流体包裹体研究更新世古环境

流体包裹体在喀斯特溶洞化学沉积物中广泛分布,这些在化学沉积过程中所形成的流体包裹体蕴藏着大量的古环境演化和气候变迁的重要信息。通过采集杭州灵山洞中更新世形成的钟乳石样品,对不同纹圈中流体包裹体进行测定,研究流体包裹体的特征,利用不混溶气-水包裹体中最大密度判别和计算方法确定六个纹圈中精确的形成温度和压力;根据气-水-岩化学反应平衡热力学方法,计算出 CO_2成分浓度和古地下水中 pH 值及钟乳石样品形成过程中的 CaCO_3饱和度等。揭示了杭州地区更新纪古环境演化规律。     

C02-CH4流体与金成矿作用：以阿尔泰山南缘和穆龙套金矿为例

造山型金矿的成矿作用与H20-CO2流体有着密切的联系。然而对阿尔泰山南缘和穆龙套金矿的流体包裹体研究表明，无水的CO2-CH4流体在中亚成矿域中一些金矿床中具有同样重要意义。阿尔泰山南缘萨热阔布金矿包裹体的Xch4达0.20～0.23，穆龙套金矿的XCH4为0.07～0.23。CH4扩大了流体不混溶的范围，有利于对Au的富集沉淀。CO2流体在Au成矿中的重要作用至少包括了三方面的意义，即：缓冲流体PH值范围、提高流体中的Au含量并使其维持与还原硫的络合作用进行迁移；扩大超临界流体的温度范围；增加流体不混溶的区域。CH4的加入扩大了流体不混溶的范围，有利于对Au的富集沉淀。     

河北省张家口金矿集区同位素及包裹体地质特征

张家口地区是我国重要的金矿集中区之一.自上世纪80年代以来,在崇礼县-赤城县毗邻地段的大型偏碱性二长岩杂岩体及其太古界中深变质岩系中,相继发现金矿田三个,探明金矿储量近100t.通过对该金矿集中区各类型矿床的大量同位素以及包裹体地质特征的研究,对该区金矿的成矿物质来源、矿床成因进行了探讨,这对于该区今后的金矿找矿工作具有实质性的指导意义.     

中国云南哀牢山含海蓝宝石伟晶岩的起源和成岩模拟实验研究

The Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites are associated with Proterozoic metamorphic rocks in the southern portion of the Ailaoshan fault-folded complex.The gem-bearing pegmatite mineralization zones of the region occur in areas generally consistent with the regional tectonic trend.The pegmatites are found in metamorphic rocks,migmatites and in the inner/outer contact zones of gneissoid granites. The Rb-Sr isochron drawn for the pegmatites is 26～31 Ma,(i.e.in Himalayan).The homogenization temperatures of melt and liquid inclusions in minerals vary from 185 to 920℃,which are comparable to the inclusions observed in banded migmatites and ptygmatic quartz veins in the surrounding metamorphic rocks. The mineralization fluids of the pegmatite were rich in HCO_3 and CO_2,and their compositional assemblages are comparable to metamorphic fluids.Results of H,O,C,Si etc.isotopic analyses and REE,and Be analyses indicates that the sources of mineralization components that formed the pegmatites are closely associated with metamorphic fluids and the enclosing metamorphic rocks. A pegmatite structure simulation experiment was conducted at high temperature and pressure(840℃and 1,500×105Pa.),with various metamorphic rock samples in a water-rich and volatile-rich environment.When the liquidus was reached,the temperature was gradually decreased at the rate of 5～10℃/day over a time period of three months.SEM energy-dispersive spectrum analyses were performed on the experimental products.A series of pegmatoid textures were observed including zonal texture,megacryst texture,drusy cavities,crystal druses,and vesicular texture along with more than ten types of minerals including plagioclase,microcline,quartz and biotite.Different metamorphic rock melts generated different mineral assemblages.Experiment results revealed that the partial melting of metamorphic rocks could form melts similar to pegmatite magmas. Based upon the geological characteristics,geochemistry,and pegmatite texture simulation experimental results,it is concluded that the mineralization components of Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites came from metamorphic rocks.The petrogenetic model for the origin of pegmatites is related to ultrametamorphism and metamorphic anatexis.     

爆裂法作为快速测定流体包裹体中二氧化碳（和其它气体）含量的手段及其在勘探中的使用：以中国山东和河北省金矿为例

The acoustic decrepitation method heats a small monomineralic sample and counts pressure impulses as the inclusions burst when they develop high internal pressures.For aqueous fluids,the decrepitation temperature is correlated with the homogenisation temperature,but gas rich fluids give a distinct and characteristic low temperature decrepitation peak which can be used to recognize gas rich fluid inclusions.This information is useful in exploration for Au deposits,which are frequently associated with CO_2 rich and sometimes CH_4 rich fluids. This distinctive decrepitation occurs because the CO_2 rich inclusion fluids expand according to the gas law and develop internal pressures high enough to burst the host mineral grain at temperatures well below their homogenisation temperatures.In contrast,aqueous fluids condense to a liquid and vapour phase during post-entrapment cooling.Upon subsequent heating their internal pressures do not increase significantly until after homogenisation to a single phase occurs and hence they do not decrepitate"prematurely"as gas rich inclusions do. This behaviour is usually regarded as an annoyance in conventional microthermometric homogenisation studies,but can readily be used as an exploration aid to find mineralisation deposited from such gas rich fluids.Decrepitation results on samples from Cowra Ck, NSW,Australia,which have also been microthermometrically measured for CO_2 content,show that amounts of less than 5 mole % CO_2 are easily distinguished by decrepitation and amounts as low as 1 mole % CO_2 may be determinable. Examples of the use of acoustic decrepitation in the study of 6 gold mines in the Shandong and Hebei provinces of China are discussed.     

鄂尔多斯北部直罗组中烃类包裹体地球化学特征及来源分析

对鄂尔多斯盆地东胜地区中侏罗统直罗组砂岩中烃类包裹体进行镜下观察、描述，利用压碎抽提法对烃类包裹体进行色谱—质谱分析，并与白垩系油苗、三叠系油砂及源岩抽提物进行对比，目的是探讨其来源。包裹体油生物标志物成熟度参数，C29ααα甾烷20S/(S+R)、C32αβ藿烷22S/(S+R)比值基本达到平衡值，利用甲基菲指数计算的镜质体反射率参数介于0.64%～0.82％之间，显示包裹体中石油烃已接近成熟—成熟热演化阶段；物质来源及沉积环境参数，ααα20R甾烷百分含量C27>C28相似文献