俄罗斯阿尔丹地块西部穆龙斯克杂岩体中的碱性交代岩

含紫硅碱钙石、镁钠钙闪石（钠透闪石－石棉）及蓝色软透闪石的碱性交代岩的形成首先是由硅酸和碱（Ｎａ２Ｏ和Ｋ２Ｏ的不同作用）的隋性及ＦｅＯ,ＭｇＯ,ＣａＯ和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的强烈活性决定的。含蓝色软透闪石和镁钠钙闪石（钠透闪石－石棉）的交代岩是岩浆期后溶解演化的中期产物,而含紫硅碱钙石的交代岩却是其晚期的产物。     

大化墨玉的矿物学特征

一种新的墨玉最近在广西大化瑶族自治县被发现.对该玉石的宝石学、岩石学、矿物学特征的系统研究表明,其质地细腻,主要组成矿物有阳起石和铁阳起石(95%以上),呈显微毛毡状、柱状结构,含特征次要矿物黑硬绿泥石,并常含黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿.作为一种新型的墨玉成因矿床,大化墨玉产于辉绿岩与围岩碳酸盐岩的内接触带,是夕卡岩化后热液交代作用的产物.与其他产地墨玉相比,宝石学特征基本相同,但大化墨玉成分上更富铁,主要由铁含量高的矿物组成,密度略偏高.其黑色是由高铁含量的阳起石-铁阳起石所致.     

Forging alliance with Russia: the example of a Green Investment Scheme

Abstract

Russian Kyoto related interests are economic and after the US withdrawal the mission of Russian actors has been to find new demand for Russian credits and allowances. Kyoto related benefits to Russia will be significantly smaller than earlier expected, however, the revenues are now more likely to be focused on climate change mitigation purposes. Competition in the Kyoto market has established buyers’ market and Russia has to accommodate the interests of investors in order to gain benefits. The Russian initiative ‘Green Investment Scheme’ to recycle revenues from International Emissions Trading (IET) to further environmental activities would convene demand for Russian AAUs but experience the same problems than the previous initiatives: inadequate institutional arrangement, unclear division of responsibilities between domestic actors, prolonged ratification process and lack of eligibility strategy. These problems have prevented implementation of GIS so far. Therefore, these problems have to be addressed by high-level Russian policy-makers if serious benefits from Kyoto are sought. Actors building alliances with Russia should focus on assisting with solving these problems.     

贵州罗甸玉勘查评价方法探讨-以官固矿床为例

贵州罗甸玉属于高档软玉,具有稀缺性和极高的经济价值,但其勘查评价方法受到矿体特殊产状和厚度薄的综合因素制约,不适用于固体矿产勘查工作规范。通过前期勘查实践和方法研究,新提出在勘查工作中以含矿体作为基本填图单元应用于图面表达具有显著的合理性和可操作性,在资源评价工作中采用系数调整法校正资源储量,可以解决软玉矿勘查评价难的问题,进而完善软玉矿的勘查评价体系。     

Chemical Zone of Nephrite in Alamas,Xinjiang, China

The Hetian deposit, located south of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China, is one of the world's largest dolomite-related nephrite deposits. In the Alamas orebody of the deposit, nephrite occurs as veins or lenses along faults or fissures of the adjacent dolomitic marble. Chemical analyses using electronic microscope probe analysis and X-ray fluorescence spectroscope were carried out on nephrite and dolomitic marble samples collected from a cross section in Alamas to investigate zonal structure of the orebody. The nephrite in Alamas is predominately composed of tremolite with minor calcite, titanite and phlogopite, and that dolomitic marble is relatively pure with a FeO content less than 0.20 wt. %. Contents of color-inducing elements, such as Fe, Mn, and Cr, increase gradually as color changes from white through white-green and then to green, resulting in the formation of color-distinctive zones. Tremolite grain size increases as color changes from white through white-green to green. The trend may be consistent with temperature changes from dolomitic marble to granodiorite, which, in turn, suggests that both change in color from white to green and variations of grain size with increasing temperature resulting in formation of the nephrite zonal structure. Both nephrite zonal structure and minor minerals, such as calcite, titanite and phlogopite found in the contact, indicate that this dolomite-related nephrite orebody is of a metasomatic origin under assumed pressure of 100–200 MPa and temperature <550°C.     

Origin of PhosphoriteNodules of Lebedinsky Iron Deposit in Kursk Magnetic Anomaly （KMA） of the Russian Platform

INTRODUCTION TheKurskmagneticanomaly(KMA)coversnear ly120000km2andhasalengthof600kminSE NW direction,withawidthrangingfrom150kmto250 km.TheKMAbasinislimitedbytheDoneskPaleozoic massifinthesouthandthePrecambrianAzovsk podol skupliftinthesouth westanditsnorthernborderis markedbythecrystallinemassifupliftofVaronesh.0 c s TheLebedinskycomplexdepositislocatedinthecentral partoftheRussianplatformbetweenlatitude50°00′and50° 20′north,andlongitude34°00′and39°00′east,inthefron ti…     

东昆仑三岔口软玉成矿机制及成矿物源分析

岩石地球化学分析表明,东昆仑三岔口软玉矿床的成矿母岩主要为灰质白云岩,与新疆和田等著名软玉矿区的成矿母岩相比,该矿区软玉围岩贫Mg而富Ca,成矿Mg源相对不足而Ca强烈过剩.矿区出露的火成岩主要为基性辉长岩,软玉为灰质白云岩与基性辉长岩岩体接触交代的产物.通过对内外接触带常量元素含量变化趋势的分析,认为碳酸盐岩提供了软玉成矿所需的Ca,Mg及Fe2 ,而火成岩体则提供了Si,Fe3 以及K,Na,Mn,Al,P等物质.     

四川软玉（透闪石玉）猫眼的矿物学研究

采用电子探针(EPMA)、X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、Raman光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)和偏光显微镜等方法对四川软玉(透闪石玉)猫眼进行了研究。结果表明，四川软玉猫眼主要由微晶一隐晶质透闪石矿物集合体组成；透闪石主要呈近于平行定向排列的显微纤维状，显微纤维变晶结构是软玉猫眼的主要结构，具有此结构的软玉能表现出良好的猫眼效应；透闪石纤维较粗、相互聚集形成束状或捆状结构时，猫眼的眼线比较分散，猫眼效应较差；透闪石纤维局部相互穿插绞合是软玉猫眼表现出高韧性和较强抗断裂性能的主要因素。     

Ferromanganese nodules of freshwater reservoirs of Ol’khon Island (Baikal) and the Kulunda Plain (West Siberia)

Morphology and mineralogical and geochemical compositions of freshwater ferromanganese nodules of Ol’khon Island (Sasa Formation) and Kulunda Plain (Lake Porozhnee) were studied. The study has shown rhythmic structures of the nodules, formed by macro- and microlayers with mineralized microflora. The layers are composed of either crystalline Mn mineral phases and finely dispersed Fe phases (Lake Porozhnee) or, on the contrary, crystalline goethite and X-ray amorphous Mn phases (Ol’khon Island). Separation of Mn and Fe mineral phases in the nodules proceeded during their formation and diagenesis. The freshwater nodules show both high (Lake Porozhnee) and low (Ol’khon Island) Mn/Fe ratios. The predominance of Fe phase in the Ol’khon nodules accounts for their high contents of REE, including Ce. The Porozhnee nodules grew, most likely, more rapidly, which is reflected in their low REE contents and Ce anomaly. The examined chemical and mineral compositions, textures, and structures of the nodules testify to the low-temperature hydrothermal source of their ore substance.     

Potential radionuclide transport pathways from seafloor dumpsites: Kamchatka region of the North Pacific Ocean

Encapsulated nuclear waste materials, dumped by Russia, are present at two deepwater seafloor locations in the offshore north-west Pacific Ocean, south-east of the Kamchatka Peninsula. This paper assesses potential pathways by which these wastes might, if released from their containers, disperse away from the dumpsites and through the surrounding ocean. A review of large-scale ocean circulation theory and of field and model results suggests that mean abyssal currents are north-eastward to eastward from the dumpsite locations and would advect leaking materials toward the north-eastern Pacific. Results of advective and diffusive horizontal plume transport models are consistent with this sense of flow. Trajectory speeds are, however, subject to considerable uncertainty. Our results suggest that as little as 5 years or as long as 100 years might be required for material to be transported from the dump sites to the north-east Pacific. Dilution by 4 or 5 orders of magnitude is predicted during this transit. Vertical mixing or upwelling are necessary in order to transport contaminants upward from north-east Pacific abyssal waters to the near-surface layers before they can potentially impact productive coastal regions, such as those off Alaska. Information concerning such upwelling mechanisms is inadequate for estimation of rates or to identify geographical areas that might be at risk.