罕见的蓝色饵-纳透闪石研究

尽管角闪石在地壳中大量存在 ,但是蓝色钾 钠透闪石却是角闪石中的稀有品种。本文采用X射粉晶线衍射和晶胞参数计算 ,确定该矿物为蓝色的钾 钠透闪石 ,用电子探针 (EMPA)精确分析了它的化学成分 ,确定为钾 钠透闪石 ,而不是蓝色软玉 (即不是透闪石或阳起石 )。     

中国三地软玉的矿物组成和成矿地质背景研究

为了查明新疆玛纳斯、青海格尔木、江苏溧阳产软玉的矿物组成和了解其品质与矿物组成的内在联系,为软玉的鉴别与质量评价等提供基础资料,采用偏光显微镜、电子探针、X射线粉末衍射等测试方法对3个产地的软玉样品进行了测试分析,从矿物成因特征、结构构造、矿物组成、化学成分等方面进行了对比分析。结果表明,新疆玛纳斯、青海格尔木、江苏溧阳的软玉虽然均由透闪石组成,但其晶体中Mg与Fe的离子数量明显不同,玛纳斯碧玉中的透闪石含有更多的Fe,其化学成分十分接近阳起石的;玛纳斯碧玉的成矿地质背景与格尔木和溧阳的有所差别,形成于蛇纹石化超镁铁岩中,富含FeOT和MgO,而溧阳和格尔木软玉则产于中酸性火成岩与白云质大理岩的接触带中,其FeOT的质量分数较低。软玉的颜色、韧性和透明度主要取决于其形成的地质背景条件。     

新疆、青海、俄罗斯糖白玉的宝石学特征对比分析

为了查明新疆、青海、俄罗斯三地所产糖白玉的结构、成分和成因差异,在观察原料外观特征的基础上,采用常规宝石学方法、偏光显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪和电子探针研究新疆、青海、俄罗斯糖白玉样品,从结构类型、矿物组成、化学成分和成因特征等方面进行对比分析。结果表明,以上三地糖白玉的主要矿物组成均为透闪石,次要矿物组成则各有不同。新疆、俄罗斯糖白玉以毛毡状变晶结构为主,青海糖白玉以纤维状变晶结构和纤维-隐晶质变晶结构为主;初步认定以上三地糖白玉的糖色为次生色,主要由褐铁矿导致。结合相关地质背景和风化作用特征,推测以上三地糖白玉不同的外观特征主要受玉体成矿后期和成矿期结束后周围环境变化的影响。     

中国软玉矿床类型及其矿物学特征

文章将中国11个产地的软玉（透闪石玉）矿床分为岩浆热液型和变质热液型两大类。其中岩浆热液型又根据侵入体的性质分为中酸性岩型、基性岩型、超基性岩型;变质热液型根据母岩特点分为碳酸盐岩型和蛇纹岩型,并从围岩和侵入岩体特征、矿体产状及大地构造背景等方面,对比分析了软玉矿床的相似性和差异性,总结了各产地软玉的品种、矿物成分、结构构造等矿物学特征;简单分析了软玉的找矿远景。     

俄罗斯远东岗仁地体金铜矿床地质、地球化学特征及其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

岗仁地体位于额尔古纳超地体北部边缘,蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造带南部,该区分布着大量的大型、超大型金矿床,这些矿床在成因上与中酸性侵入岩和浅成次火山岩关系密切。岩石地球化学研究表明,花岗闪长岩-闪长岩组合明显富集大离子亲石元素、不相容元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素和重稀土元素。球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式为轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的右倾型,具有微弱的负Eu异常或基本无Eu异常,无Ce异常,元素地球化学性质反映出花岗闪长岩-闪长岩组岩浆具有壳幔混合的特征,且形成于大陆边缘的火山弧环境。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果揭示,皮奥涅尔金银矿床含矿闪长玢岩的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为113.8±2.0Ma,博尔古利坎铜金钼矿床赋矿二长闪长斑岩的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为112.7±2.8Ma,与皮奥涅尔金银矿床和博尔古利坎铜金钼矿床成矿有关的奥列佳花岗闪长岩体的年龄分别为117.2±1.3Ma和117.0±3.6Ma。由此可知,皮奥涅尔金银矿床和博尔古利坎铜金钼矿床形成于燕山早期,与中国黑龙江地区三道湾子金矿、东安金矿等金矿床形成时代一致。     

台湾的软玉

台湾软玉形成于五万年前,系超镁铁岩变成的蛇纹岩经交代而成。软玉主要为普通软玉、猫眼玉和蜡光玉三种。比其它的软玉稍硬些,且硬度与闪光性都有方向性,并含数种矿物包裹体。其地球化学特征是含铬极高,并影响到软玉的颜色。     

俄罗斯鲟鱼配合饲料主要营养指标的试验

用蛋白梯度及脂肪梯度进行工厂化养殖俄罗斯鲟鱼，经过78d养殖试验，认为适宜俄罗斯鲟的蛋白质含量为41％左右，脂肪含量为9％左右.     

Chemical Zone of Nephrite in Alamas,Xinjiang, China

The Hetian deposit, located south of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China, is one of the world's largest dolomite-related nephrite deposits. In the Alamas orebody of the deposit, nephrite occurs as veins or lenses along faults or fissures of the adjacent dolomitic marble. Chemical analyses using electronic microscope probe analysis and X-ray fluorescence spectroscope were carried out on nephrite and dolomitic marble samples collected from a cross section in Alamas to investigate zonal structure of the orebody. The nephrite in Alamas is predominately composed of tremolite with minor calcite, titanite and phlogopite, and that dolomitic marble is relatively pure with a FeO content less than 0.20 wt. %. Contents of color-inducing elements, such as Fe, Mn, and Cr, increase gradually as color changes from white through white-green and then to green, resulting in the formation of color-distinctive zones. Tremolite grain size increases as color changes from white through white-green to green. The trend may be consistent with temperature changes from dolomitic marble to granodiorite, which, in turn, suggests that both change in color from white to green and variations of grain size with increasing temperature resulting in formation of the nephrite zonal structure. Both nephrite zonal structure and minor minerals, such as calcite, titanite and phlogopite found in the contact, indicate that this dolomite-related nephrite orebody is of a metasomatic origin under assumed pressure of 100–200 MPa and temperature <550°C.     

Long-term benthic population changes (1920–1930s-present) in the Barents and Kara Seas

Bottom sediment was analysed, via grab, trawl and underwater photography in 1991–1992 in the Barents, White, Kara, Norwegian and Greenland Seas, and the large scale features of macrobenthos distribution are described. The maps of alpha-diversity, biomass and trophic zone distribution on the investigated shelf are presented. Statistical assessment of the bottom community structure changes during the last 60–70 years for the Barents Sea area is presented. It is shown that on regional and transregional levels the researched communities are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes may be both the result of natural processes or sampling errors. Local disturbances of benthos composition and structure, supposedly caused by man, are found to be rare not far from the Novaya Zemlya and Murman coasts.     

Potential radionuclide transport pathways from seafloor dumpsites: Kamchatka region of the North Pacific Ocean

Encapsulated nuclear waste materials, dumped by Russia, are present at two deepwater seafloor locations in the offshore north-west Pacific Ocean, south-east of the Kamchatka Peninsula. This paper assesses potential pathways by which these wastes might, if released from their containers, disperse away from the dumpsites and through the surrounding ocean. A review of large-scale ocean circulation theory and of field and model results suggests that mean abyssal currents are north-eastward to eastward from the dumpsite locations and would advect leaking materials toward the north-eastern Pacific. Results of advective and diffusive horizontal plume transport models are consistent with this sense of flow. Trajectory speeds are, however, subject to considerable uncertainty. Our results suggest that as little as 5 years or as long as 100 years might be required for material to be transported from the dump sites to the north-east Pacific. Dilution by 4 or 5 orders of magnitude is predicted during this transit. Vertical mixing or upwelling are necessary in order to transport contaminants upward from north-east Pacific abyssal waters to the near-surface layers before they can potentially impact productive coastal regions, such as those off Alaska. Information concerning such upwelling mechanisms is inadequate for estimation of rates or to identify geographical areas that might be at risk.