中国村域贫困地理格局及其分异机理

贫困与地理环境之间的关系是贫困地理学理论研究的核心.本文以贫困地域系统和区域多维贫困为理论基础,构建了村域贫困化的理论分析框架,以2013年底中国精准扶贫识别的12.4万个贫困村为研究对象,运用空间自相关、核密度分析和地理探测器等方法,刻画了新时期中国贫困村的空间地理格局,定量探测了贫困村地域分异的主导因子,揭示了村域...     

青海省共和地区农村民居特征与抗震性能分析

青海省共和地区位于柴达木—阿尔金地震带内,具备发生中强地震的构造背景,近年来该地区地震活动频繁,农村地区受经济和技术等条件的限制,造成了巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失.为深入了解共和地区农村民居结构特征与抗震性能现状,开展实地调查,基于历史震害资料,总结区域内典型农村民居震害特点,并进行震害预测,得到不同地震烈度下农村民居不...     

非特色型产业扶贫模式及其对乡村振兴的启示

探讨了产业扶贫参与主体及其影响因素的互动关系,阐释了产业扶贫促进乡村振兴的机理,在此基础上剖析了非特色型产业扶贫案例——德青源金鸡产业扶贫模式,总结了相关扶贫经验及其对乡村振兴的启示.结果表明:(1)产业扶贫通常涉及政府、企业、被帮扶农户、金融机构/投资管理平台、科研机构等多个参与主体,其发展模式受社会、经济、地理、政...     

Street petrol station shops as an alternative to missing local food suppliers – Contribution to the German discourse on ‘Daseinsvorsorge’: A German view

Services of general interest fulfill people's daily needs and are important for their well-being. In Germany, interacting socioeconomic and demographic processes currently lead to a spatial concentration of such services. Rural areas are particularly affected, resulting in a deterioration of living conditions. Nevertheless, although in the media and in policy these processes are intensely discussed against the background of the German political and scientific discourse on ‘Daseinsvorsorge’, little is known about their dimensions. However, such knowledge is important for both policy and scientific policy advice, as ‘Daseinsvorsorge’ is a key concept in German spatial planning discourse, rooted in the normative political goal of guaranteeing comparable living conditions throughout Germany. This goal includes the aim of ensuring a sufficient offering of services indispensable for life throughout the country. One subject area where a spatial concentration can be observed is retail food sales. As a consequence, especially in rural areas, the network of food shopping locations becomes more wide meshed. Against this background, the German petrol-sector claims that in rural regions, petrol station shops (PSS) might replace a missing local food retailer. Based on the data from an accessibility analysis of petrol stations, supermarkets and discounters, together with considerations on the assortment of PSS, the article analyses the potential of such shops to fulfill this function in rural Germany through the lens of ‘Daseinsvorsorge’. The analysis reveals the following: (1) PSS still mainly serve impulse shopping needs, offering only a very limited assortment of staple foods; (2) in the majority of regions with no supermarket or discounter accessible by foot, PSS are also not accessible by foot; and (3) by car, the picture is very similar. Considering these points, it can be concluded that in Germany, PSS cannot at this time fully replace a missing local retail trade, especially in rural areas.     

江苏省乡村经济类型的初步分析

本文采用模比系数法,按乡村经济发展水平、产业结构和农业结构三类指标,将江苏省65个县(县级市)划分为8个乡村经济类型(含12个亚类型),以便为乡村发展的宏观决策和分类指导提供参考,为开展江苏乡村地理的选点调查打下基础,对乡村经济类型的研究方法作初步尝试。     

乡村工业化对中国乡村城市转型的影响

本文从“乡村空间变化”的观点出发,分析了乡村工业化对新乡村经济空间,新乡村社会空间和新乡村地理空间形成和发展的影响,探讨了乡村工业化与乡村城市转的区域不平衡性,提出了中国乡村城市转型过程中几个应重视和研究的问题。     

Intra-seasonal rainfall and piped water revenue variability in rural Africa

Rainfall patterns influence water usage and revenue from user payments in rural Africa. We explore these dynamics by examining monthly rainfall against 4,888 records of rural piped water revenue in Ghana, Rwanda, and Uganda and quantifying revenue changes over 635 transitions between dry and wet seasons.Results show operators experience revenue variability at regional and intra-seasonal scales. Revenues fall by an average of 30 percent during the wettest months of the year in climate regimes with consistent wet season rainfall. However, seasonally stable revenues are observed in areas where consecutive dry days are common during the wet season, potentially reflecting a dependency on reliable services. We also find changes in tariff level, waterpoint connection type, and payment approach do not consistently prevent or increase seasonal revenue variability.Local revenue generation underpins delivery of drinking water services. Where rainfall patterns remain consistent, piped water operators can expect to encounter seasonal revenue reductions regardless of whether services are provided on or off premises and of how services are paid for. Revenue projections that assume consistent volumetric demand year-round may lead to shortfalls that threaten sustainability and undermine the case for future investment. Intra-seasonal rainfall analysis can enhance rural piped water revenue planning by offering localised insight into demand dynamics and revealing where climate variability may increase dependency on reliable services.     

基于宏观形势和地域优势的“十四五”东北振兴战略思考

新一轮东北振兴战略启动、“十四五”规划开局之际,面对近20 a东北振兴的成就和仍存在的问题,在世界经济格局重构、产业发展多元化背景下,处于中国经济转型和社会生产力变革的环境中,有必要基于东北地区的基础条件、形势变化和存量优势,对东北振兴从更符合自身实际的视角进行再思考,既要延续已有成功的政策方针,更要审时度势,调整思路：发展布局上,形成东北三省+蒙东地区四大板块分工协作与城市+农业+生态三大主体功能网络化联动的格局;制度上,稳妥并适度推进体制机制改革;产业上,立足农业,扶持轻工业,优化重化工业进而重构产业体系;发展重点上,改变传统以城市和重化工业为重点的振兴道路,把优先发展农业农村作为东北全面振兴的新路径和另一重点着重实施,从乡村产业多元提质、城乡要素流通加速和城乡均衡发展等方面推动农业农村发展成为东北地区社会、经济、生态领域的新增长极;理念上,认识到东北地区发展的长期性和周期性,以更加长远的眼光看待东北地区发展,客观审视其发展进程中的辉煌与衰退,不过分追求短期经济效益的攀升,主动适应下行趋势,注重内生发展能力建设;结合“绿水青山黑土地、冰天雪地关东风”的区域本底,丰富东北振兴的内涵和外延,变“东北振兴”为“东北转型发展”,从根本上转变对东北地区及东北振兴的认识,塑造更加有利于东北地区发展的形象和舆情。     

论中国乡村公共空间治理

明确乡村公共空间治理举措,全面推进乡村空间有序重构,是落实国家乡村振兴战略的有力保障。在解构乡村公共空间内涵、明确划分乡村公共空间类型的同时,梳理中国乡村公共空间嬗变历程和阶段特征,剖析乡村公共空间中出现的权属关系不明、土地制度受限和空间组织无序等现实瓶颈,并融合“自上而下”行政管控与“自下而上”治理需求维度,形成乡村公共空间“需求-统筹-组织”综合治理体系。据此,提出激活关键要素转型、明确权属主体职责和夯实制度保障体系的乡村公共空间治理路径,为完善乡村空间规划体系、推进乡村治理体系现代化提供重要依据。     

基于共生理论的中国特色保护类村庄振兴类型细分研究

特色保护类村庄是国家乡村振兴战略规划确定的4种村庄基本类型之一,但其分异明显,仍需进一步细分类型以精准施策。论文坚持问题导向和理论指引的分类思路,针对特色保护类村庄内蕴的保护与发展对立统一关系,借鉴共生理论构建其共生系统概念模型,根据系统类型及构成的差异划分村庄振兴类型,筛选出8173个国家级特色保护类村庄作为实证研究样本,初步提出一套简便实用的类型识别流程及方法,据此逐层判断样本类型并分类明确振兴模式。结果表明：① 特色保护类村庄共生系统分为外共生型、内共生型和内外共生兼具型3种,存在村庄与外部有机体共生、村庄特色资源与产业共生、村庄特色文化资源与人居环境共生以及村庄特色资源、产业与外部有机体共生等4类共生关系;② 特色保护类村庄振兴类型基于共生关系表征的异同抽象归纳为10种,样本据此细分为47个旅游目的地型、75个文旅融合型、251个农旅融合型、47个特色农业型、442个景区依托型、1463个市场拉动型、2159个交通推动型、160个历史记忆保护型、1543个民族特色保护型和1986个地域文化保护型村庄; ③ 特色保护类村庄振兴模式因类型而异,包括“优化升级、示范引领”“深度融合、增值赋能”“品牌强农、特色集聚”“借力景区、村景互补”“瞄准市场、乡城对接”“联动交通、一体共生”和“活态保护、留住乡愁”7种。