Volcaniclastic resedimentation on the northern slope of Vesuvius as a direct response to eruptive activity

A new archaeological excavation on the northern slope of Vesuvius has provided invaluable information on the eruptive activity and post-eruptive resedimentation events between the late Roman Empire and 1631. A huge Roman villa, thought to belong to the Emperor Augustus, survived the effects of the 79 a.d. Plinian eruption, but was mainly engulfed in volcaniclastic materials eroded and redeposited immediately after a subsequent eruption or during repose periods. Primary pyroclastic deposits of the 472 a.d. eruption are only few centimeters thick but are overlain by reworked volcaniclastic deposits up to 5 m thick. The resedimented volcaniclastic succession shows distinct sedimentary facies that are interpreted as debris flow deposits, hyperconcentrated flow deposits, and channel-fill deposits. This paper has determined that the aggradation above the roman level is about 9 m in 1,200 years, leading an impressive average rate of 0.75 cm/year.     

Transverse seismic response of beam aqueduct considering fluid-structure coupling

Based on the theory of Housner, the transverse seismic response of beam aqueduct considering fluid-structure cou-pling is established. With the variation of aqueduct cross-section ratio of depth to width, the aqueduct transverse seismic response change. The transverse seismic response of a large-scale aqueduct in several work condition are calculated. It shows that the transverse seismic response is greatly influenced by the water mass in the aqueduct, but the shaking water play a TLD role. If the whole water is appended aqueduct body, it will magnify seismic iner-tia action. When aqueduct cross-section is selected, the influence of ratio of depth and width to pier seismic re-sponse should be considered in order to reduce seismic action.     

大型渡槽结构模态分析

大型渡槽在南水北调水利工程中起着重要作用。本文根据大型渡槽的结构特点,考虑渡槽横向弯扭耦合振动、约束扭转变形、渡槽支架变形和盆式橡胶支座等胶地支座等对渡槽动力作用的影响,应用梁段有限元方法,对某大型渡槽的模态进行分析,研究了该渡槽设计水位、渡槽支架高度、渡槽支架截面尺寸、渡槽盆式橡胶支座刚度变化等对大型渡槽模态的影响,探讨了该大型渡槽的上述４种工况下的模态变化范围,所得结果可为大型渡槽的抗震设计提     

湖北黄石与印度浦那鱼眼石的宝石学特征对比研究

近年来,在湖北黄石地区发现了具有重要研究价值的鱼眼石晶体,其结晶习性与其它地区的鱼眼石有一定的区别。以湖北黄石与印度浦那鱼眼石晶体为研究对象,采用宝石学常规仪器、电子探针、激光拉曼光谱仪对比分析了两者的晶体特征、化学成分和包裹体等。结果显示,湖北黄石鱼眼石样品的结晶形态以板状为主,印度浦那鱼眼石样品则以柱状为主;所有样品的主要元素均为Si,Ca和K,但湖北黄石鱼眼石样品中还含有Al和Na元素;湖北黄石鱼眼石样品以气液两相包裹体为主,印度浦那鱼眼石样品则以石英、沸石等晶体包裹体为主。     

Quantitative inter‐annual and decadal June–July–August temperature variability ca. 570 BC to AD 120 (Iron Age–Roman Period) reconstructed from the varved sediments of Lake Silvaplana,Switzerland

Annually resolved June–July–August (JJA) temperatures from ca. 570 BC to AD 120 (±100 a; approximately 690 varve years) were quantified from biogenic silica and chironomids (Type II regression; Standard Major Axis calibration‐in‐time) preserved in the varved sediments of Lake Silvaplana, Switzerland. Using 30 a (climatology) moving averages and detrended standard deviations (mean–variability change, MVC), moving linear trends, change points and wavelets, reconstructed temperatures were partitioned into a warmer (+0.3°C; ca. 570–351 BC), cooler (?0.2°C; ca. 350–16 BC) and moderate period (+0.1°C; ca. 15 BC to AD 120) relative to the reconstruction average (10.9°C; reference AD 1950–2000 = 9.8°C). Warm and variable JJA temperatures at the Late Iron Age–Roman Period transition (approximately 50 BC to AD 100 in this region) and a cold anomaly around 470 BC (Early–Late Iron Age) were inferred. Inter‐annual and decadal temperature variability was greater from ca. 570 BC to AD 120 than the last millennium, whereas multi‐decadal and lower‐frequency temperature variability were comparable, as evident in wavelet plots. Using MVC plots of reconstructed JJA temperatures from ca. 570 BC to AD 120, we verified current trends and European climate model outputs for the 21st century, which suggest increased inter‐annual summer temperature variability and extremes in a generally warmer climate (heteroscedasticity; hotspot of variability). We compared these results to MVC plots of instrumental and reconstructed temperatures (from the same sediment core and proxies but a different study) from AD 1177 to AD 2000. Our reconstructed JJA temperatures from ca. 570 BC to AD 120 showed that inter‐annual JJA temperature variability increased rapidly above a threshold of ～10°C mean JJA temperature. This increase accelerated with continued warming up to >11.5°C. We suggest that the Roman Period serves with respect to inter‐annual variability as an analogue for warmer 21st‐century JJA temperatures in the Alps. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

古罗马剧场建筑特色及其形成原因和影响

古罗马在整个人类历史上不仅仅是一个地理概念,它还代表着一个帝国、一种文化、一种传统。与人类其他辉煌的文明相比,罗马的伟大正是其将文明的发展植根于世俗,反映在建筑上则是娱乐性建筑的大量涌现。剧场作为标志性的娱乐性建筑,反映了帝国时期罗马的伟大成就,更体现出古罗马人当时的社会生活状态和精神状态。本文尝试对古罗马剧场典型特色进行一定分析研究,并在此基础上从物质层面、经济层面、文化层面归纳出古罗马剧场建筑特色形成的原因,以及其对后世建筑思想与建筑实践的影响。     

大型渡槽结构非线性地震响应分析

运用渡槽薄壁结构弹塑性动力分析模型,开展了渡槽非线性地震响应分析计算。该渡槽薄壁结构弹塑性动力分析模型集渡槽薄壁结构线弹性模型和非线性多弹簧模型为一体,应用多弹簧等效关系模拟结构塑性铰区的非线性滞回特性。经结构线弹性和非线性地震响应比较,结果表明两者存在差异,开展大型渡槽结构非线性地震响应分析是很有必要的。     

渡槽结构隔震耗能减振控制的试验研究

本文在理论分析的基础上，对设计中的南水北调中线工程北京段南泉河水大型渡槽工程结构，按几何相似比1：10研制了结构模型及多组隔震耗能混合减振支座，在振动台上成功地进行了多工况的地震模拟试验。试验结果表明：将由隔震器与阻尼器组成的隔震耗能混合减振支座应用于渡槽结构，可以有效地减小渡槽结构的地震响应。此外，所研制的隔震耗能混合减振支座，在实际结构工程中的施工简单可行。     

Ancient coastal wells of Caesarea Maritima, Israel, an indicator for relative sea level changes during the last 2000 years

During the detailed excavations of ancient Caesarea, Israel, East Mediterranean, 64 coastal water wells have been examined that date from the early Roman period (with the oldest occurring in the 1st century AD), up to the end of the Crusader period (mid-13th century AD). The depths of these coastal water wells establish the position of the ancient water table and therefore the position of sea level for the first century AD up to 1300 AD. The connection between the coastal water table and changes in sea level has been established from modern observations in several wells on time scales of days and months and this is used to reconstruct sea level during historical time. The results indicate that during the Byzantine period, sea level at Caesarea was higher by about 30 cm than today. The Late Moslem and Crusader data shows greater fluctuations but the data sets are also much smaller than for the earlier periods. The consistency of the data indicates that the near-coastal well data from Caesarea provides a reliable indicator of sea-level change, with an accuracy of about 10-15 cm. These results are consistent with observations for earlier periods and, with comparisons to model-predicted glacio-hydro isostatic sea-level change, indicate that ocean volumes have been constant for much of the past 2000 years. The well data is also consistent with an absence of significant vertical tectonic movement of the coast at Caesarea over about 2000 years.     

土-结构-流体动力相互作用的实时耦联动力试验

针对振动台试验中无限地基难以模拟和数值分析中流-固耦合作用难以计算两个难题,将最近发展的实时耦联动力试验方法引入土-结构-流体动力相互作用问题的研究。以一个渡槽结构为例,其中渡槽-水体作为物理子结构,采用振动台进行物理试验,而无限地基作为数值子结构,采用集总参数模型进行数值模拟。两个子结构之间实时交换数据,联合评估整个耦合体系的动力响应。试验结果和有限元数值模拟结果吻合良好,表明该试验方法具有较高精度。对不同特性地基土进行的试验对比分析结果表明：对于软土地基,考虑土-结构相互作用(SSI)的结构反应幅值明显减小,周期延长;随着地基土变硬,SSI效应逐渐变弱,结构反应最终收敛至刚性地基解。