Assessment of Discharge through a Dike Breach and Simulation of Flood Wave Propagation

This paper presents a simple and fast method to calculate flow through a dike breach. The approach was based on two-dimensional numerical simulations of idealized dike breakages at straight river-sections. As a result, computation of discharge through a breach can be achieved by use of the new developed formula (denoted as dike break formula). Furthermore, a methodology that combines one-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling, the dike break formula and a simple GIS-based method to estimate inundation areas is described. This fast and easy-to-handle tool can be utilized for near real-time forecasting or evacuation decisions. Detailed predictions were made for a number of flood and dike break scenarios at the River Rhine to prove the accuracy of the new method compared with two-dimensional numerical models.     

南苏鲁超高压变质地体中罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解事件的记录

通过苏鲁超高压变质地体南部不同类型超高压变质岩石的原岩重塑．揭示超高压变质岩的原岩形成于由大陆玄武质岩石、辉长岩、表壳岩和花岗岩组成的被动陆缘拉伸构造环境。中国大陆科学钻探主孔中不同类型超高压变质岩石的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年表明。花岗质片麻岩原岩年龄为780～680Ma；榴辉岩、石榴角闪岩的原岩年龄为765～730Ma，副片麻岩中包含了730Ma、680Ma、621Ma和较年轻的继承性碎屑锆石和结晶锆石年龄。结合前人的研究成果表明，苏鲁超高压变质地体南部正片麻岩类和榴辉岩的原岩所代表的花岗岩浆和基性岩浆活动为罗迪尼亚超大陆形成后的新元古代裂解事件的产物．而副片麻岩的原岩为新元古代．古生代时期形成的扬子被动陆缘的沉积-火山表壳盖层，它们与结晶基底一起在240～220Ma期间经历了超高压变质作用。     

钻孔灌注桩处理水下钢筋笼的切割实例

本文主要介绍了断桩事故中用偏心割刀切割水下钢筋笼的一种方法。     

射线层析静校正

在地形起伏剧烈和表层速度横向变化较大的地区,做好野外静校正是取得高质量叠加剖面的重要一步,而确定表层低速带速度是做好静校正的关键。常规的方法在复杂近地表条件下很难求得正确的低速带速度和静校正量。国内外现在都利用层析成像技术由初至波的到达时反演表层低速带速度并求得静校正量。作者在查阅相关的资料后对层析静校正中确定表层低速带速度结构环节中的射线追踪分类作一总结。     

从罗迪尼亚到冈瓦纳超大陆——对新元古代超大陆研究几个问题的思考

概略介绍了中—新元古代罗迪尼亚和冈瓦纳超大陆研究工作取得的主要进展 ,简要总结了中国中部年轻造山带和相邻克拉通区新元古代早期陆块汇聚和嗣后所发生的裂解地质记录的特征和时代 ,指出中国新元古代重大热构造事件所发生的时间滞后于北美格林威尔造山运动 ,二者不是同一时代。同时根据中国西部已获得的不少 60 0～ 5 0 0Ma之间的同位素年代学信息 ,强调不应忽视泛非期超大陆事件对我国西部地区的影响。在研究中国大陆新元古代地质时 ,应通过比较大地构造地质学的研究 ,立足于中国的实际 ,重视全球构造研究 ,推进超大陆研究工作     

Sequence stratigraphic architectures and responses to syndepositional tectonic evolution in the Paleogene Lingshui Sag,Qiongdongnan Basin,northwestern South China Sea

ABSTRACT

The syndepositional tectonic evolution and sequence stratigraphic architecture of the Paleogene Lingshui Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea, are investigated with seismic profiles, boreholes and well logs. First, according to the recognized sequence boundaries, the Paleogene sequence stratigraphic framework is established. Then, based on analyzing the subsidence history and paleogeomorphology evolution, the Paleogene Lingshui Sag is clarified to present episodic tectonic evolution, showing tectonic stage-I, stage-II and stage-III. From stage-I to stage-III, the major basin-marginal faults gradually lost control over the subsidence center, which moved away from the initial basin margin to the late central basin. Structural slope break belts, such as fault slope break belts and gentle slope break belts, formed through the above three tectonic stages and controlled the formation of four types of relevant distinct sequence stratigraphic architectures, namely, Types A1, A2, B1 and B2. Finally, the responses of sequence stratigraphic architectures to tectonic evolution are described, and the favorable hydrocarbon reservoirs in the different architectures are discussed, which constitute stratigraphic traps, fault traps, lenticular lithologic traps and updip wedge-out traps. This information is beneficial in prospecting for subtle traps in basins located in deepwater areas.     

黄河口凹陷古近纪构造坡折带对沉积体系的控制

坡折带类型、分布对沉积体系具有明显控制作用。通过对黄河口凹陷古近系层序构成样式和沉积充填研究,结果表明:①在盆地幕式断陷活动和同沉积断裂差异活动等构造作用下,形成了断裂坡折和挠曲坡折2种类型的构造坡折带。断裂坡折可以进一步分为断阶坡折、帚状坡折和断裂转换带坡折,不同类型构造坡折带对沉积体系具有明显控制作用。②断阶坡折控制了陡坡带扇三角洲、缓坡带辫状河三角洲沉积体系的形成和分布;帚状坡折控制了沉积体系入湖方向和沉积厚度;断裂调节带控制了辫状河三角洲、湖底扇沉积体系的形成和分布;挠曲坡折控制了辫状河三角洲沉积体系的分布。③构造坡折控制不同类型的圈闭组合,断阶坡折带发育断块型圈闭、岩性上顷尖灭圈闭;帚状坡折带发育掀斜断块圈闭;断裂转换带发育岩性上倾尖灭圈闭、断鼻-岩性圈闭;挠曲坡折带发育地层超覆圈闭。不同类型坡折带对沉积体系的控制为下一步中深层油气勘探指明方向。     

缓倾坡外软硬互层型高斜坡演化及失稳机理研究

基于对贵州省德江县香树坪斜坡工程地质条件分析及斜坡变形破坏特征分析,建立了缓倾坡外软硬互层型高斜坡演化概念模型,分析了斜坡演化机制,将斜坡形成及变形破坏过程分为河谷形成过程中的时效变形、滑移-逐级拉裂、滑移-弯曲-剪断3个阶段。并通过数值分析,再现了斜坡失稳机理及发生过程。基于软硬互层特性在斜坡演化过程中的作用量化分析表明,由于硬岩层限制软岩层的变形,导致坡体不易发生整体失稳。但软岩持续蠕变导致硬岩内能量积累增大,局部变形扩大,最终发生失稳破坏。     

Geochemistry of lamprophyres at the Daping gold deposit,Yunnan Province,China: Constraints on the timing of gold mineralization and evidence for mantle convection in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Cenozoic lamprophyre dykes occur widely along the Ailao-Shan-Red-River (ASRR) shear zone related to the Indian–Eurasian collision. Two generations of lamprophyres have been found at the Daping gold deposit in the southern part of the ASRR shear zone and have been investigated by using phlogopite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating and whole-rock major and trace element as well as Sr and Nd isotope geochemical analyses. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau ages of phlogopite from the two generations of lamprophyres bracket the emplacement of auriferous quartz veins in the Daping deposit between 36.8 ± 0.2 Ma and 29.6 ± 0.2 Ma, consistent with the timing of gold mineralization in other parts of the ASRR shear zone. Geochemical data suggest that these lamprophyres most likely originated from a subduction-modified mantle source consisting of phlogopite-bearing spinel lherzolite, which underwent partial melting with contributions from crust materials. In particular, the second generation lamprophyres are characterized by more primitive geochemical features than the first, suggesting that secular source evolution probably resulted from post-collisional slab break-off mantle convection and remelting from ascending asthenosphere after subducted lithosphere break-off. Widespread and episodic occurrences of lamprophyres and other potassic volcanism in the eastern Tibetan Plateau were probably related to the onset of transtensional tectonics along the ASRR shear zone during Oligocene. A genetic model involving transtensional tectonics has been proposed for lamprophyres and gold mineralization in the ASRR shear zone.     

Pe trology and SHRIMP zircon geochronology of granulites from Vesleknausen,Lützow-Holm Complex,East Antarctica: Neoarchean magmatism and Neoproterozoic high-grade metamorphism

We report new petrological data and geochronological measurements of granulites from Vesleknausen in the highest-grade section of the L＆#252;tzow-Holm Complex, part of the Gondwana-assembling collisional orogen in East Antarctica. The locality is dominated by felsic to intermediate orthogneiss （charnockite and minor biotite gneiss）, mafic orthogneiss, and hornblende-pyroxene granulite, with deformed and undeformed dykes of metagranite and felsic pegmatite. Pseudosection analysis of charnockite in the system NCKFMASHTO, supported by geothermometry of mafic orthogneiss, was used to infer peak metamorphic temperatures of 750e850 ？C, approximately 150 ？C lower than those estimated for met-asedimentary gneisses from Rundv？gshetta, 6 km to the northeast. SHRIMP U-Pb analysis of zircons from feldspar-pyroxene gneiss, which corresponds to a partially molten patch around mafic orthogneiss, yielded a Concordia upper intercept ages of 2507.9 ？ 7.4 Ma, corresponding to the time of formation of the magmatic protolith to the orthogneiss. Partial melting during peak metamorphism probably took place between 591 and 548 Ma, as recorded in rims overgrew around magmatic zircon. Our results suggest that Rundv？gshetta-Vesleknausen-Strandnibba region in southwestern L＆#252;tzow-Holm Bay, where orthogneisses are dominant, consists of a single crustal block, possibly formed by ca. 2.5 Ga arc mag-matism. The Neoarchean magmatic terrane was tectonically mingled with other fragments （such as metasedimentary units in northern L＆#252;tzow-Holm Bay） by subduction/collision events during the as-sembly of Gondwana supercontinent, and subsequently underwent w850 ？C granulite-facies meta-morphosed during Neoproterozoic to Cambrian final collisional event.