略论广西古岩溶

本文探讨广西古岩溶期序及各期古岩溶发育特征。以构造运动名称命名,将广西古岩溶划分为:郁南—广西、柳江、黔桂、东吴、苏皖、印支等六个古岩溶期。它门的共同特点是:都保留有完好的古剥蚀面;剥蚀面上岩溶现象明显;其上沉积有剥蚀期的典型堆积物,诸如铝土岩(矿)、砾岩或砂砾岩等。其主要不同点是:剥蚀面下古岩溶发育强度和古溶洞层厚度有差异;溶洞充填物不同:剥蚀面的起伏高度相差较大,除印支期古剥蚀面起伏较大具古潜山性质外,其余各期古剥蚀面起伏都较小。古地形多属波状平原性质。     

Microseismic Event Detection Kalman Filter: Derivation of the Noise Covariance Matrix and Automated First Break Determination for Accurate Source Location Estimation

Since 1972, Weir-Jones Engineering Consultants (WJEC) has been involved in the development and installation of microseismic monitoring systems for the mining, heavy construction and oil/gas industries. To be of practical value in an industrial environment, microseismic monitoring systems must produce information which is both reliable and timely. The most critical parameters obtained from a microseismic monitoring system are the real-time location and magnitude of the seismic events. Location and magnitude are derived using source location algorithms that typically utilize forward modeling and iterative optimal estimation techniques to determine the location of the global minimum of a predefined cost function in a three-dimensional solution space. Generally, this cost function is defined as the RMS difference between measured seismic time series information and synthetic measurements generated by assuming a velocity structure for the area under investigation (forward modeling). The seismic data typically used in the source location algorithm includes P- and S-wave arrival times, and raypath angles of incidence obtained from P-wave hodogram analysis and P-wave first break identification. In order to obtain accurate and timely source location estimates it is of paramount importance that the extraction of accurate P-wave and S-wave information from the recorded time series be automated—in this way consistent data can be made available with minimal delay. WJEC has invested considerable resources in the development of real-time digital filters to optimize extraction, and this paper outlines some of the enhancements made to existing Kalman Filter designs to facilitate the automation of P-wave first break identification.     

秦岭区前寒武纪构造格局与演化问题探讨

秦岭造山带中夹持大量前寒武纪岩层、地块,筛除后期改造与变位,昨原,它们复杂而多样,不仅是秦岭造山带研究的基础,也是研究早期中国大陆壳形成演化的关键地带。现有的地质、地球化学研究,揭示秦岭区早前寒武纪具非统一多块分离拼合特征,晚期已成为早期化南块的边缘带。中新元古代相应于Ｇｒｅｎｖｉｌｌｉａｎ造山事件和Ｒｏｄｉｎｉａ超大陆全球性构造时期,秦岭区从扩张裂谷系与小洋盆兼杂并存的垂向加积增生构造体制向侧向     

大兴安岭阿龙山地区花岗片麻岩的同位素年龄与超大陆

阿龙山花岗质片麻岩是在阿龙山镇幅1：25万区调过程中从兴华渡口岩群变质杂体中解体出的古花岗质侵入体。阿龙山地区的花岗片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年龄的测定结果表明，其原岩形成时代为1100Ma左右，在565Ma曾受到高温变质作用。两组年龄的获得为大兴安岭地区早期大陆裂解及碰撞造山作用的确定提供了直接证据，这一结果表明额尔古纳微陆块曾经历了格林威尔期和罗丁尼亚超大陆的聚合、裂解和冈瓦纳泛大陆的再造的多次开合作用。     

Assessment of Discharge through a Dike Breach and Simulation of Flood Wave Propagation

This paper presents a simple and fast method to calculate flow through a dike breach. The approach was based on two-dimensional numerical simulations of idealized dike breakages at straight river-sections. As a result, computation of discharge through a breach can be achieved by use of the new developed formula (denoted as dike break formula). Furthermore, a methodology that combines one-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling, the dike break formula and a simple GIS-based method to estimate inundation areas is described. This fast and easy-to-handle tool can be utilized for near real-time forecasting or evacuation decisions. Detailed predictions were made for a number of flood and dike break scenarios at the River Rhine to prove the accuracy of the new method compared with two-dimensional numerical models.     

南苏鲁超高压变质地体中罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解事件的记录

通过苏鲁超高压变质地体南部不同类型超高压变质岩石的原岩重塑．揭示超高压变质岩的原岩形成于由大陆玄武质岩石、辉长岩、表壳岩和花岗岩组成的被动陆缘拉伸构造环境。中国大陆科学钻探主孔中不同类型超高压变质岩石的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年表明。花岗质片麻岩原岩年龄为780～680Ma；榴辉岩、石榴角闪岩的原岩年龄为765～730Ma，副片麻岩中包含了730Ma、680Ma、621Ma和较年轻的继承性碎屑锆石和结晶锆石年龄。结合前人的研究成果表明，苏鲁超高压变质地体南部正片麻岩类和榴辉岩的原岩所代表的花岗岩浆和基性岩浆活动为罗迪尼亚超大陆形成后的新元古代裂解事件的产物．而副片麻岩的原岩为新元古代．古生代时期形成的扬子被动陆缘的沉积-火山表壳盖层，它们与结晶基底一起在240～220Ma期间经历了超高压变质作用。     

钻孔灌注桩处理水下钢筋笼的切割实例

本文主要介绍了断桩事故中用偏心割刀切割水下钢筋笼的一种方法。     

射线层析静校正

在地形起伏剧烈和表层速度横向变化较大的地区,做好野外静校正是取得高质量叠加剖面的重要一步,而确定表层低速带速度是做好静校正的关键。常规的方法在复杂近地表条件下很难求得正确的低速带速度和静校正量。国内外现在都利用层析成像技术由初至波的到达时反演表层低速带速度并求得静校正量。作者在查阅相关的资料后对层析静校正中确定表层低速带速度结构环节中的射线追踪分类作一总结。     

从罗迪尼亚到冈瓦纳超大陆——对新元古代超大陆研究几个问题的思考

概略介绍了中—新元古代罗迪尼亚和冈瓦纳超大陆研究工作取得的主要进展 ,简要总结了中国中部年轻造山带和相邻克拉通区新元古代早期陆块汇聚和嗣后所发生的裂解地质记录的特征和时代 ,指出中国新元古代重大热构造事件所发生的时间滞后于北美格林威尔造山运动 ,二者不是同一时代。同时根据中国西部已获得的不少 60 0～ 5 0 0Ma之间的同位素年代学信息 ,强调不应忽视泛非期超大陆事件对我国西部地区的影响。在研究中国大陆新元古代地质时 ,应通过比较大地构造地质学的研究 ,立足于中国的实际 ,重视全球构造研究 ,推进超大陆研究工作     

具有守恒特性的二维溃坝洪水演进数值模型

基于结构网格,采用有限体积法建立了二维水动力学模型,模拟溃坝洪水在复杂实际地形条件下的流动过程。该模型采用中心迎风格式求解界面通量,并结合对界面变量的线性重构,使其具有空间上的二阶精度。分别采用中心差分方法和半隐式方法对底床坡度项和摩擦阻力项进行离散,保证了模型的和谐性和稳定性。对于复杂地形条件下溃坝洪水的模拟,负水深的产生是影响模型稳定的关键因素。当库朗特数小于0.25时,模型能够保证任何时刻的计算水深都是非负的,而无需对负水深单元进行特殊处理。因此,相比于现有的大部分溃坝洪水模型,该模型具有更强的鲁棒性和稳定性。