Chemostratigraphy of Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic carbonates of the Nico Pérez Terrane,Río de la Plata Craton,Uruguay

Increasing evidence shows that Mesoproterozoic rocks are widespread in the Río de la Plata Craton. Carbon and strontium isotope analyses were carried out for three different, carbonate-bearing successions in the southern Nico Pérez Terrane. The Parque UTE Group is erected, comprising (from base to top) the mainly volcanogenic Cañada Espinillo Formation, the dolomitic Mina Valencia Formation and the mixed carbonate-siliciclastic Cerro del Mástil Formation. A δ¹³C curve was obtained for carbonates of the Parque UTE Group, which is characterized by a plateau at +1 to +1.6‰ V-PDB, bracketed between two negative excursions (−1.8‰ V-PDB at the base and −3.3‰ V-PDB at the top). These values are consistent with a Mesoproterozoic depositional age for the unit, as indicated by U–Pb ages of synsedimentary volcanics and gabbros of 1429 ± 21 and 1492 ± 4 Ma, respectively.     

Neoproterozoic Mafic Dykes and Basalts in the Southern Margin of Tarim, Northwest China: Age, Geochemistry and Geodynamic Implications

<正>Neoproterozoic rifting-related mafic igneous rocks are widely distributed both in the northern and southern margins of the Tarim Block,NW China.Here we report the geochronology and systematic whole-rock geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic mafic dykes and basalts along the southern margin of Tarim.Our zircon U-Pb age,in combination with stratigraphic constraint on their emplacement ages,indicates that the mafic dykes were crystallized at ca.802 Ma,and the basalt, possibly coeval with the ca.740 Ma volcanic rocks in Quruqtagh in the northern margin of Tarim. Elemental and Nd isotope geochemistry of the mafic dykes and basalts suggest that their primitive magma was derived from asthenospheric mantle(OIB-like) and lithospheric mantle respectively,with variable assimilation of crustal materials.Integrating the data supplied in the present study and that reported previously in the northern margin of Tarim,we recognize two types of mantle sources of the Neoproterozoic mafic igneous rocks in Tarim,namely the matasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle(SCLM) in the northern margin and the long-term enriched lithospheric mantle and asthenospheric mantle in the southern margin.A comprehensive synthesis of the Neoproterozoic igneous rocks throughout the Tarim Block led to the recognition of two major episodes of Neoproterozoic igneous activities at ca.820-800 Ma and ca.780-740 Ma,respectively.These two episodes of igneous activities were concurrent with those in many other Rodinian continents and were most likely related to mantle plume activities during the break-up of the Rodinia.     

远破波作用数值模拟的CLEAR-VOF模型

在非结构化网格基础上,采用三阶精度的三步有限元方法离散N-S方程,CLEAR-VOF方法追踪运动水体自由表面,建立了数值波浪水槽模型.模拟了远破波冲击位于倾斜底坡上直立堤的过程.对直立堤上波压力和堤前流场的数值结果与模型实验结果做了比较.结果表明,远破波波浪力和流场的数值结果同PIV实验结果吻合较好,该数值波浪水槽模型可较好地模拟远破波的破碎冲击过程.     

大气分层扰动位能控制方程及其应用——南海夏季风活动的能量收支

针对局地环流能量转换问题,本文推导了分层扰动位能一阶矩 (L_PPE1) 和动能 (K_E) 的控制方程,分析了方程中各能量项的空间分布和季节变化特征,并以南海夏季风为例,诊断了夏季风活动各相位的能量收支特征.结果表明,850 hPa高度上在赤道辐合带、大部分季风区、风暴轴地区是L_PPE1的源区,副热带的大洋东部和高纬度地区是L_PPE1的汇区,强源、汇的中心与L_PPE1的纬向偏差场的脊、槽分布对应较好.L_PPE1向K_E的转化项 (C_K)取决于垂直速度和大气稳定度,是连接K_E和L_PPE1的纽带,在暖 (冷) 空气上升 (下沉) 时,转化项为正,L_PPE1向K_E转化能量,反之K_E转化为L_PPE1.在850 hPa 高度上C_K的分布特征是在赤道辐合带以及大部分季风区有大值分布,北半球风暴轴和南半球西风带有连续分布的正值区.将这应用到南海夏季风活动的能量收支,在南海夏季风恢复相位,C_K增大,在南海夏季风活跃相位,C_K达到最大,且为边界输入能量的2~3倍,C_K是南海夏季风恢复、活跃的最重要因素.探讨了南海夏季风活跃的条件,当L_PPE1等于南海季风区的夏季气候平均值时,上升速度大于临界速度的情形,有利于南海夏季风由中断相位向活跃相位的转变.     

深水环境多级地貌坡折控制下的重力流动力学的演变

台湾浅滩陆坡具有活跃的重力流机制,发育了壮观的重力流沉积体系,是研究重力流动力学作用过程的理想场所。自陆架前缘直至深海的马尼拉海沟,发育了三个地貌坡折（包括一个陆架坡折和两个陆坡坡折）。这些地貌坡折控制了重力（流）的启动和整个演化过程,控制了各种重力流沉积体系的空间分布格局。其中陆架坡折控制了重力滑塌的产生,第一和第二陆坡坡折则分别控制了重力滑塌体、碎屑流、浊流的转换。论文利用重力流沉积物波的波形参数恢复了重力流流体有关参数,实证了研究区的确存在有非常活跃的重力流机制。而多级地貌坡折代表着陆坡地貌的不均衡和向均衡的演化,重力流的侵蚀－沉积效应只是陆坡体系调整过程的表现。     

Post-orogenic (<1500 Ma) thermal history of the Palaeo-Mesoproterozoic, Mt. Isa province, NE Australia

We present hornblende, white mica, biotite and alkali feldspar ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data from Paleo-Mesoproterozoic rocks of the Mt. Isa Inlier, Australia, which reveal a previously unrecognised post-orogenic, non-linear cooling history of part of the Northern Australian Craton. Plateau and total fusion ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages range between 1500 and 767 Ma and record increases in regional cooling rates of up to 4 °C/Ma during 1440–1390 and 1260–1000 Ma. Forward modelling of the alkali feldspar ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar Arrhenius parameters reveals subsequent increases in cooling rates during 600–400 Ma. The cooling episodes were driven by both erosional exhumation at average rates of 0.25 km/Ma and thermal relaxation following crustal heating and magmatic events. Early Mesoproterozoic cooling is synchronous with exhumation and shearing in the Arunta Block and Gawler Craton. Late Mesoproterozoic cooling could have either been driven by increased rates of exhumation, or a result of thermal relaxation following a heat pulse that was synchronous with dyke emplacement in the Arunta, Musgrave and Mt. Isa province, as well as Grenville-aged orogenesis in the Albany–Fraser Belt. Latest Neoproterozoic–Cambrian cooling and exhumation was probably driven by the convergence of part of the East Antarctic Shield with the Musgrave Block and Western Australia (Petermann Ranges Orogeny), as well as collisional tectonics that produced the Delamerian–Ross Orogen. Major changes in the stress field and geothermal gradients of the Australian plate that are synchronous with the assembly and break-up of parts of Rodinia and Gondwana resulted in shearing and repeated brittle reactivation of the Mt. Isa Inlier, probably via the displacement of long-lived basement faults within the Northern Australian Craton.     

“锥状菌层”及其成因与沉积环境意义

四川会理上三叠统白果湾组上段为浅湖相沉积环境，其中、上部的滨湖相砂岩与湖相黑色页岩问夹有“锥状菌层”的小透镜体。该“锥状菌层”的外形特征与叠锥极为相似，但它不属于成岩作用的产物，也不是沉积构造特征。露头的宏观产状清晰地表明，“锥状菌层”是发育在湖滨砂岩的基座上和极浅的清水环境中的钙质菌类，因而内部无生物所特有的结构，阴极发光显微镜下为均一体。这一特殊物，应代表一次小的沉积间断事件和湖水性质转换的产物，菌类在氧化条件下生长，在还原条件下消亡。     

西安地裂缝近期超常活动因素及其量化分析

西安地裂缝近期超常活动，主要是长期过量抽汲深层承压水，引发地裂缝两侧地面不均匀沉降叠加到地裂缝正常活动过程中造成的。不均匀沉降量由地裂缝两侧土体松动程度不同造成的裂隙释水压密差异与两侧粘性土层厚度不同造成的孔隙释水压密差异共同构成。研究计算表明，地裂缝现今垂直活动量中，土体松动程度不同造成的裂隙释水压密量占有较大比例，而粘性土层厚度不同造成的孔隙释水压密差异所占有比例相对较小。     

河西走廊中部农田防护林防风效应初探

单个农田林网的防风度为２８．２％，而大面积连片农田防护林体系的建成，区域性防风效应更加显著。与建设初期相比，张掖、临泽和高台３县（市）防护林网的总防风度为４２．８％，年大风日数降低６８．４％，年沙尘暴日数降低６６．１％。     

同位素地球化学急变带的形成机制与形成时代

构造、地球化学与地球物理综合分析表明同位素地球化学急变带分为构造显性与构造隐性两种类型，是深浅构造立交叠加的产物。中国大陆地球化学急变带形成于晚元古代 Rodinia 泛大陆拼结时期。地球化学急变带对资源分布起着重要制约作用。