Petrogenesis of the diamondiferous Pipe-8 ultramafic intrusion from the Wajrakarur kimberlite field of Southern India and its relation to the worldwide Mesoproterozoic(～1.1 Ga) magmatism of kimberlite and related rocks

Detailed mineralogy,bulk rock major,trace and Sr-Nd isotope compositions,and ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar dating of the Pipe-8 diamondiferous ultramafic intrusion in the Wajrakarur cluster of southern India,is reported.Based on the presence of Ti-rich phlogopite,high Na/K content in amphibole,Al-and Ti-rich diopside,a titanomagnetite trend in spinel and the presence of Ti-rich schorlomite garnet and carbonates in the groundmass,the Pipe-8 intrusion is here more precisely classified as an ultramafic lamprophyre(i.e.,aillikite).An aillikite affinity of the Pipe-8 intrusion is further supported by the bulk rock major and trace element and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry.Sr-Nd isotope data are consistent with a common,moderately depleted upper mantle source region for both the Pipe-8 aillikite as well as the Wajrakarur kimberlites of southern India.A phlogopite-rich groundmass ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar plateau age of 1115.8±7.9 Ma(2σ) for the Pipe-8 intrusion falls within a restricted 100 Ma time bracket as defined by the 1053-1155 Ma emplacement ages of kimberlites and related rocks in India.The presence of ultramafic lamprophyres,carbonatites,kimberlites,and olivine lamproites in the Wajrakarur kimberlite field requires low degrees of partial melting of contrasting metasomatic assemblages in a heterogeneous sub-continental lithospheric mantle.The widespread association of kimberlite and other mantle-derived magmatism during the Mesoproterozoic(ca.1.1 Ga) have been interpreted as being part of a single large igneous province comprising of the Kalahari,Australian,West Laurentian and Indian blocks of the Rodinia supercontinent that were in existence during its assembly.In India only kimberlite/lamproite/ultramafic lamprophyre magmatism occurred at this time without the associated large igneous provinces as seen in other parts of Rodinia.This may be because of the separated paleo-latitudinal position of India from Australia during the assembly of Rodinia.It is speculated that the presence of a large plume at or close to 1.1 Ga within the Rodinian supercontinent,with the Indian block located on its periphery,could be the reason for incipient melting of lithospheric mantle and the consequent emplacement of only kimberlites and other ultramafic,volatile rich rocks in India due to comparatively low thermal effects from the distant plume.     

四川深溪沟水电站苏姑坪危岩体变形特征及其机理研究

苏姑坪危岩体位于四川大渡河深溪沟水电站库区,破坏失稳后很可能堵塞大渡河,给该水电站、成昆铁路以及上游瀑布沟水电站的安全构成威胁.本文在现场调查测绘资料的基础上,利用岩土工程地质力学分析原理,对该危岩体的变形特征、变形机制及其破坏模式进行了分析,建立了危岩体流变滑移力学模型并以此预测其变形破裂失稳时间.研究结果表明该危岩体变形破裂模式为卸荷-拉裂-蠕滑型,即岸坡岩体随着大渡河下切卸荷变形,在后缘形成近垂直拉裂缝,同时在自重和外部偶然荷载作用下沿缓倾坡外的层面发生剪切蠕滑变形.最后基于流变模型并根据前期蠕滑速率推测出失稳时间.     

构造坡折带隐蔽圈闭发育模式浅析

构造坡折带是由同沉积构造长期活动引起的沉积斜坡明显突变的地带,对盆地充填的可容纳空间和沉积作用可产生重要的影响,构造坡折带和油气资源分布有着较为密切的关系。隐蔽圈闭是沉积盆地油气勘探中后期重点勘探领域。构造坡折带是沉积盆地中隐蔽圈闭最发育的部位之一,多级构造坡折带组合对盆地隐蔽圈闭的发育有一定的影响,多级构造坡折带隐蔽圈闭发育更受到沉积环境和湖平面变化的影响;构造坡折带地区隐蔽圈闭油气成藏良好,高位域和三角洲前缘泥岩是良好的烃源岩,连片砂体和不整合界面及生长断裂是良好的输导条件,生长断裂和高位域泥岩具有良好的封盖作用。     

Probability prediction of peak break‐up water level through vine copulas

Prediction of the peak break‐up water level, which is the maximum instantaneous stage during ice break‐up, is desirable to allow effective ice flood mitigation, but traditional hydrologic flood routing techniques are not efficient in addressing the large uncertainties caused by numerous factors driving the peak break‐up water level. This research provides a probability prediction framework based on vine copulas. The predictor variables of the peak break‐up water level are first chosen, the pair copula structure is then constructed by using vine copulas, the conditional density distribution function is derived to perform a probability prediction, and the peak break‐up water level value can then be estimated from the conditional density distribution function given the conditional probability and fixed values of the predictor variables. This approach is exemplified using data from 1957 to 2005 for the Toudaoguai and Sanhuhekou stations, which are located in the Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River, and the calibration and validation periods are divided at 1986. The mean curve of the peak break‐up water level estimated from the conditional distribution function can capture the tendency of the observed series at both the Toudaoguai and Sanhuhekou stations, and more than 90% of the observed values fall within the 90% prediction uncertainty bands, which are approximately twice the standard deviation of the observed series. The probability prediction results for the validation period are consistent with those for the calibration period when the nonstationarity of the marginal distributions for the Sanhuhekou station are considered. Compared with multiple linear regression results, the uncertainty bands from the conditional distribution function are much narrower; moreover, the conditional distribution function is more capable of addressing the nonstationarity of predictor variables, and the conclusions are confirmed by jackknife analysis. Scenario predictions for cases in which the peak break‐up water level is likely to be higher than the bankfull water level can also be conducted based on the conditional distribution function, with good performance for the two stations.     

Metamorphic imprint of accretion and ridge subduction in the Pan‐African Damara Belt,Namibia

Ridge subduction is an inescapable plate tectonic process, but has only been documented in modern circum‐Pacific environments and not yet been recognized from suture zones associated with supercontinent assembly, likely because its imprint is obliterated by later collision. The formation of the Pan‐African Damara Belt of central Namibia involved northward subduction of the Khomas Sea underneath the Congo Craton, prior to final suturing of the Congo and Kalahari Cratons. The accretionary history of the Belt is preserved in the Southern and Southern Marginal Zones, which consist of turbiditic metasedimentary and intercalcated mafic rocks with MORB affinity. Two localities in the Kuiseb and Gaub canyons reveal that aluminous metapelites contain a fabric‐defining assemblage of fine‐grained muscovite, chlorite, biotite, quartz and graphite that is overprinted by randomly oriented porphyroblasts and poikiloblasts of garnet, staurolite, kyanite and biotite. Associated metamafic rocks consist of hornblende, chlorite, epidote, rutile and quartz, with actinolite cores preserved in amphibole porphyroblasts. Metamorphic conditions for the fabric‐defining assemblage are estimated at ～10 kbar and 540–560 C, whereas peak metamorphism likely occurred at 10–10.5 kbar and 600 C. Consequently, these rocks preserve a two‐stage prograde metamorphic history, where initial tectonic burial was followed by relatively rapid, near‐isobaric heating without attendant deformation to peak metamorphic conditions. We propose that initial burial occurred through subduction and underplating to the accretionary prism, before ridge subduction and opening of a slab window heated the rocks to peak metamorphic conditions. The exceptional preservation of the tectono‐thermal imprint of the accretionary orogenic stage is due to the relatively soft, largely aborted collision that characterized the Damara orogeny, which can be attributed to the confined extent of the Khomas Sea.     

微地震技术在农安油页岩靶区的应用

微地震初至时间拾取是微地震资料处理过程中的一个重要步骤,也是地层速度模型建立的重要依据。为提高拾取精度,本文提出一种新的自动拾取初至时间的方法,计算三分量地震数据的小时窗协方差矩阵特征值,将其作为特征函数引入到STA/LTA能量比法当中,从而实现自动拾取初至时间,并结合P波时差法完成震源定位。理论模型及农安浅井油页岩水力压裂试验的微地震资料处理结果表明,该方法可以有效地拾取微地震初至时间并实现震源定位。     

塔里木盆地东南缘阿克塔什塔格地区古元古代精细年代格架的确定及其地质意义

塔里木盆地东南缘的阿克塔什塔格地区,基底变质杂岩中含有较多的古元古代变质侵入体及敦煌岩群孔兹岩系.变质侵入体规模一般较小,它们以岩体特征明显、与米兰岩群的侵入接触界线清晰、钠质混合岩化不发育、角闪岩相变质等特征区别新太古代TTG岩系.其中,以岩体形式较大规模出露的有闪长质片麻岩、片麻状石英闪长岩、角闪石英正长岩、碳酸岩...     

溃坝水流数值计算的非结构有限体积模型

针对溃坝洪水数值计算面临不规则边界和复杂地形等问题,建立了三角形网格下求解二维浅水方程的高精度Godunov型有限体积模型.空间上,引入变量重构和限制器技术,采用HLLC近似Riemann算子计算数值通量;时间上,采用Hancock预测-校正法.将底高程定义于单元顶点,结合单元水位～体积关系,提高了干湿界面处理能力.采...     

非粘性沙坝溃决数学模型及求解

考虑一维陡坡浅水方程与Exner方程耦合构建漫顶溃坝数学模型,利用Roe格式黎曼近似解法求解,并用预测-校正法处理源项保证水流、泥沙侵蚀输运和底床演变过程的计算稳定.模型实例计算结果表明,该方法能较好地计算非粘性模型沙坝漫顶溃决问题,可为溃坝数值计算提供新的思路.     

上扬子克拉通内新元古代A型花岗岩的发现及其地质意义

处于上扬子克拉通内的峨边牛郎坝黑云母花岗岩一直以来很少被人重视和研究,本文首次报道了该岩体的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学数据。牛郎坝花岗岩以高硅（SiO2〉75%）、低钙（CaO=0.46～0.20%）、贫镁、富碱（Na2O＋K2O=8.31～9.28%）、铝质（A/KNC=1.02～1.12）为特征;微量元素地球化学表现出强烈亏损Ba、Sr、Eu（δEu=0.05～0.08）,富集Rb、Th、U。全岩样品的104＊Ga/Al在2.6至2.9之间变化,高场强元素Zr、Y、Ga的含量较高,且没有明显的异常。主量元素和微量元素分析均表明牛郎坝花岗岩为铝质A2亚型花岗岩特征。其Y/Nb=5.0～5.9,Nb/Ta=4.4～5.0,表明岩浆源区受到较强的陆壳组分混染作用。该花岗岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果为826±21.4Ma,与前人对扬子东南缘新元古代花岗岩的年龄测试结果基本一致,反映牛郎坝花岗岩也是该阶段泛扬子克拉通强烈岩浆活动的一部分。扬子克拉通内的牛郎坝A型花岗岩可能是新元古代中期在Rodinia超大陆裂解背景下与地幔柱构造相关的壳幔相互作用的产物。