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Fabio Fontanot Pierluigi Monaco Stefano Borgani 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,341(2):692-706
We apply the ztrace algorithm to the optical NOG and infrared PSC z galaxy catalogues to reconstruct the pattern of primordial fluctuations that have generated our local Universe. We check that the density fields traced by the two catalogues are well correlated, and consistent with a linear relation [either in δ or in log (1 +δ) ] with relative bias (of NOG with respect to PSC z ) b rel = 1.1 ± 0.1 . The relative bias relation is used to fill the optical zone of avoidance at | b | < 20° using the PSC z galaxy density field.
We perform extensive testing on simulated galaxy catalogues to optimize the reconstruction. The quality of the reconstruction is predicted to be good at large scales, up to a limiting wavenumber klim ≃ 0.4 h Mpc−1 beyond which all information is lost. We find that the improvement arising from the denser sampling of the optical catalogue is compensated by the uncertainties connected to the larger zone of avoidance.
The initial conditions reconstructed from the NOG catalogue are found (analogously to those from the PSC z ) to be consistent with a Gaussian paradigm. We use the reconstructions to produce sets of initial conditions ready to be used for constrained simulations of our local Universe. 相似文献
We perform extensive testing on simulated galaxy catalogues to optimize the reconstruction. The quality of the reconstruction is predicted to be good at large scales, up to a limiting wavenumber k
The initial conditions reconstructed from the NOG catalogue are found (analogously to those from the PSC z ) to be consistent with a Gaussian paradigm. We use the reconstructions to produce sets of initial conditions ready to be used for constrained simulations of our local Universe. 相似文献
13.
For ecosystem modelling of the Boreal forest it is important to include processes associated with low soil temperature during spring‐early summer, as these affect the tree water uptake. The COUP model, a physically based SVAT model, was tested with 2 years of soil and snow physical measurements and sap flow measurements in a 70‐year‐old Scots pine stand in the boreal zone of northern Sweden. During the first year the extent and duration of soil frost was manipulated in the field. The model was successful in reproducing the timing of the soil warming after the snowmelt and frost thaw. A delayed soil warming, into the growing season, severely reduced the transpiration. We demonstrated the potential for considerable overestimation of transpiration by the model if the reduction of the trees' capacity to transpire due to low soil temperatures is not taken into account. We also demonstrated that the accumulated effect of aboveground conditions could be included when simulating the relationship between soil temperature and tree water uptake. This improved the estimated transpiration for the control plot and when soil warming was delayed into the growing season. The study illustrates the need of including antecedent conditions on root growth in the model in order to catch these effects on transpiration. The COUP model is a promising tool for predicting transpiration in high‐latitude stands. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Mihoko Hoshino Mitsuyoshi Kimata Norimasa Nishida Masahiro Shimizu 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2008,35(2):59-70
Dissakisites from Trimouns dolomite mine, France, have two kinds of single crystals: chemical-zoned and homogeneous types.
Back-scattered electron microprobe (BSE) images of these dissakisites reveal both Ca–Al rich dark zones and Fe-ΣREE rich bright
zones. Crystal structures of three dark and two bright zones in a chemical-zoned dissakisite and of a homogeneous zone in
unzoned dissakisite were refined to individual R indices (about 3.0–5.0%) based on 1,400 observed [|F
0| > 4σF
0] reflections measured with MoKα X-radiation using the single crystal diffractometer. The differences in brightness between
their BSE images arise from those in coupled substitutions of the elements occupying A2 and M3 sites. The main reason for
these differences is that ten-coordinated A2 polyhedra and M3 octahedra are directly linked through their shared edge, which
creates a great potential for making this coupled substitution. This zoning indicates that formation of the whole zoned crystal,
where each zone could be grown steadily with its crystallographic axes mutually parallel to each other, may be identified
as autoepitaxy. 相似文献
16.
The concentrations of twenty four chemical elements in the surface layer of natural desert soils and the cultivated farmland soils were measured at a desert-oasis ecotone in the middle of Heihe river basin, north-west China. Background values were estimated for (a) major elements (Si 335.3 g kg− 1, Al 49.4 g kg− 1, Fe 19.1 g kg− 1, Ca 29.4 g kg− 1, Mg 8.9 g kg− 1, K 20.1 g kg− 1, Na 17.5 g kg− 1 and P 0.338 g kg− 1), (b) heavy metals and non-metals (Cr 55.8 mg kg− 1, Mn 404.8 mg kg− 1, Ni 17.7 mg kg− 1, Cu 5.1 mg kg− 1, Zn 33.7 mg kg− 1, Pb 15.5 mg kg− 1 and As 5.2 mg kg− 1) and (c) other trace elements (Ti 2.0 mg kg− 1, V 55.3 mg kg− 1, Co 5.7 mg kg− 1, Rb 82.4 mg kg− 1, Sr 232.9 mg kg− 1, Y 14.7 mg kg− 1, Zr 194.9 mg kg− 1, Nb 7.8 mg kg− 1 and Ba 720.6 mg kg− 1). After natural desert soil was cultivated for agricultural use, significant changes in element concentrations occurred under tillage, irrigation and fertilisation management. Compared to natural soil, the for the levels of Si, K, Na, Sr, Zr and Ba decreased, and no changes were observed for Rb, while the values of the other 17 elements increase in agricultural soil from 1.2 to 3.5 times. However, their absolute concentrations are still low, suggesting that the arable soil in this region remains comparatively a clean soil. The increased silt, clay and organic carbon content, under long-term irrigation, enriched the fine-grained materials, and application of fertilisers and manure contributed to the accumulation of most elements in arable soil. The accumulation of elements in agricultural soil increased with increasing cultivation years and extent of soil development. 相似文献
17.
T. G. Sitharam Pijush Samui P. Anbazhagan 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(5):503-517
Geospatial technology is increasing in demand for many applications in geosciences. Spatial variability of the bed/hard rock
is vital for many applications in geotechnical and earthquake engineering problems such as design of deep foundations, site
amplification, ground response studies, liquefaction, microzonation etc. In this paper, reduced level of rock at Bangalore,
India is arrived from the 652 boreholes data in the area covering 220 km2. In the context of prediction of reduced level of rock in the subsurface of Bangalore and to study the spatial variability
of the rock depth, Geostatistical model based on Ordinary Kriging technique, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector
Machine (SVM) models have been developed. In Ordinary Kriging, the knowledge of the semi-variogram of the reduced level of
rock from 652 points in Bangalore is used to predict the reduced level of rock at any point in the subsurface of the Bangalore,
where field measurements are not available. A new type of cross-validation analysis developed proves the robustness of the
Ordinary Kriging model. ANN model based on multi layer perceptrons (MLPs) that are trained with Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation
algorithm has been adopted to train the model with 90% of the data available. The SVM is a novel type of learning machine
based on statistical learning theory, uses regression technique by introducing loss function has been used to predict the
reduced level of rock from a large set of data. In this study, a comparative study of three numerical models to predict reduced
level of rock has been presented and discussed. 相似文献
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