核电厂沉积岩岩基激振试验研究

岩基是核电厂Ⅰ、Ⅱ类物项的承载基础,其动力参数取值对核电厂抗震设计意义重大.目前,我国核电站岩基以块状火成岩为主,其动力参数取值和试验成果较少,而有关层状岩体结构的核电站沉积岩岩基动力参数取值和试验研究则未见报道.本文以我国首个以沉积岩为岩基的核电厂为例,基于振动基本理论,设计了自由振动和强迫振动激振实验,并对比了垂直层理水平方向和沿层理水平方向的激振试验结果,旨在获得首个沉积岩核岛岩基的岩基阻尼比、抗剪刚度和抗弯刚度等动力参数,以期为类似工程提供设计依据.试验表明:由自由振动和强迫振动获得的某核电站呈层状岩体结构的沉积岩核岛岩基动力参数相近,岩基抗压刚度系数为21.4-28.83MN/m3;岩基抗剪刚度系数为15.44-22.68MN/m3;岩基抗弯刚度系数为44.24-60.72MN/m3;岩基竖直向阻尼比为7.34%-7.68%;岩基水平回转向第一振型阻尼比为7.43%-7.44%;垂直层理水平方向和沿层理水平方向试验成果的各向异性指数为0.9%-7.5%;动力参数呈弱各向异性.试验结果首次给出了该核电站沉积岩岩基的动力参数取值范围,对具有相似岩基的核电厂抗震设计有较好的工程参考价值.     

Impact of transition from local swelling to macro swelling on the evolution of coal permeability

Laboratory observations have shown that coal permeability under the influence of gas adsorption can change instantaneously from reduction to enhancement. It is commonly believed that this instantaneous switching of permeability is due to the fact that the matrix swelling ultimately ceases at higher pressures and the influence of effective stresses take over. In this study, our previously-developed poroelastic model is used to uncover the true reason why coal permeability switches from reduction to enhancement. This goal is achieved through explicit simulations of the dynamic interactions between coal matrix swelling/shrinking and fracture aperture alteration, and translations of these interactions to perrmeability evolution under unconstrained swellings. Our results of this study have revealed the transition of coal matrix swelling from local swelling to macro-swelling as a novel mechanism for this switching. Our specific findings include: (1) at the initial stage of CO₂ injection, matrix swelling is localized within the vicinity of the fracture compartment. As the injection continues, the swelling zone is extending further into the matrix and becomes macro-swelling. Matrix properties control the swelling transition from local swelling to macro swelling; (2) matrix swelling processes control the evolution of coal permeability. When the swelling is localized, coal permeability is controlled by the internal fracture boundary condition and behaves volumetrically; when the swelling becomes macro-swelling, coal permeability is controlled by the external boundary condition and behaves non-volumetrically; and (3) matrix properties control the switch from local swelling to macro swelling and the associated switch in permeability behavior from reduction to recovery. Based on these findings, a permeability switching model has been proposed to represent the evolution of coal permeability under variable stress conditions. This model is verified against our experimental data. It is found that the model predictions are consistent with typical laboratory and in-situ observations available in lietratures.     

玄武质火山机构火山岩的储集性能分析——来自福建漳州牛头山古火山机构的类比研究

火山岩作为特殊的油气储集岩类型,在国内外均有成功的勘探和开发实例。然而因其规模和储量相对较小,储集空间和成藏系统较为复杂,研究工作起步较晚。鉴于前人研究多依赖于钻井岩芯描述和测井数据分析,为了获得岩石孔隙和各类裂缝在古火山机构中的空间分布规律,本文对福建漳州牛头山玄武质火山岩进行了野外调查和岩石物性分析。牛头山古火山历经四期喷发,地表可见四层喷溢相玄武岩层和两处火山颈相岩石出露。喷溢相玄武质火山岩的孔隙度变化较大,从5.34%到23.73%间不等,但渗透率均较低（平均值为0.173×10-3μm2）。火山机构中节理和裂缝较为发育,除火山颈相的柱状节理、火山喷溢相的爆炸缝、冷凝节理外,熔岩/下伏地层接触热变质成因的高孔带、幔源包体裂缝和爆炸孔以及后期形成的构造裂缝、风化破碎带等均有着重要的意义,这些面型单元构成了贯通整个火山机构的空间网络,使古火山机构的储集潜力不容忽视。     

姬塬地区低渗砂岩储层微观非均质性表征

为表征鄂尔多斯盆地低渗储层的微观非均质性,采用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、压汞等测试手段,研究姬塬地区低渗砂岩储层微观非均质性特征及影响因素,并结合多参数模糊聚类分析,将储层微观非均质性划分为较弱、中等和较强3类.通过真实砂岩模型水驱油实验,刻画了3类不同非均质程度模型的流体运动及水驱前缘形态的差异性.室内测试分析研究、地质学定量统计分类及真实砂岩模型水驱油实验相结合的综合研究方法,真实反映低渗储层微观非均质性,对同类储层研究具借鉴意义.     

三塘湖油田低压低渗透砂岩油藏井网优化设计研究

三塘湖油田西山窑组为"低孔、低渗、低压、高粘"复合圈闭砂岩油藏,属于辫状河-三角洲前缘沉积,成南北向带状分布,储层非均质性强,开采难度较大。通过对该油田地质特征的分析,结合不同井网的实际生产情况、应用数值模拟技术合理优化井网类型,从而为新区开发提供了理论基础。     

ICP-OES法测定岩石矿物中镍和钴的方法改进

对ICP-OES法测定镍、钴的适用条件进行探讨和改进。检出限分别为0.018μg/mL和0.0042μg/mL,相对标准偏差为0.62%~1.55%,结果令人满意。     

云南富宁安那金矿控矿因素分析

安那金矿赋存于中泥盆统坡折落组硅质岩夹薄层状灰岩中。东西向安那不对称褶皱构造是主要控岩控矿构造,次级北东向断裂和层间断裂是矿区的储（容）矿构造;矿区的金矿化与基性岩浆活动关系密切。     

井点降水实验在渭河大桥承台施工中的应用

井点降水是一种方便易行的降水方式,在黄河湿地承台施工中较好地解决了基坑开挖基坑涌水、流沙现象的发生。     

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹油田永宁探区长6储层特低渗成因及主控因素

综合应用测井资料和铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射、粒度分析等资料,对志丹油田永宁探区长6储层的特低渗透成因和主控因素进行了分析。结果表明：研究区长6储层特低渗透成因主要受沉积作用和成岩作用的双重影响,主要表现为沉积微相对储层物性的影响较大,水下分流河道砂层的物性好于河口坝沉积砂体,河口坝沉积砂体的物性好于分流间湾砂体沉积;成岩压实作用和胶结作用使得储层物性变差,成岩溶蚀及蚀变作用和成岩缝的产生对储层的特低渗物性的改善有积极作用。     

Core made of geotextile sand containers for rubble mound breakwaters and seawalls: Effect on armour stability and hydraulic performance

A systematic armour stability and the hydraulic performance, including wave reflection, wave transmission, experimental study in the twin-wave flumes of Leichtweiss-Institute (LWI) is performed on a geocore breakwater and a conventional rubble mound breakwater in order to comparatively determine the wave run-up and wave overtopping. The geocore breakwater consists of a core made of sand-filled geotextile containers (GSC) covered by an armour made of rock. The geocore is more than an order of magnitude less permeable than the quarry run core of a conventional breakwater. As expected, the core permeability substantially affects the armour stability on the seaside slope, the wave transmission and the wave overtopping performance. Surprisingly, however, wave reflection and hydraulic stability of the rear slope are less affected. Formulae for the armour stability and hydraulic performance of the geocore breakwater are proposed, including wave reflection, transmission, run-up and overtopping.