南京市PM2.5物理化学特性及来源解析

在夏、冬两季,分别在南京市4个站点进行为期7天的气溶胶PM2.5采样,同步采集并分离主要排放源的PM2.5样品,用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)分析得到气样及源样中PM2.5的化学成分,对南京市PM2.5的物理化学特性、富集因子进行了分析,并应用化学质量平衡法(CMB)计算各类源对气溶胶PM2.5的贡献。结果表明,南京市PM2.5的夏、冬平均值分别为69.1、139.5μg.m-3,PM2.5/PM10的全年平均值为63.9%;富集成分中,S、As、Zn、Pb等主要来源于人为污染源,Na则主要来源于海洋。来源解析的结果表明,各类污染源对南京市气溶胶PM2.5的贡献率分别为:扬尘37.28%、煤烟尘30.34%、硫酸盐9.87%、建筑尘7.95%、汽车尘2.98%、冶炼尘2.57%、其他源9.01%。作者还对扬尘中的PM2.5进行了来源解析。     

底摩擦重力试验在倾倒变形岩体稳定性研究中的应用

底摩擦重力试验(底摩擦试验)是利用相似理论分析原理,将研究原形按几何比例和各种物理力学参数,制作相似模型及确定相应的边界条件。然后按照相似边界条件进行加载试验,再现曾经发生过或今后将会出现的物理力学现象,进而了解其发展演化规律及其对工程的影响。澜沧江某水电站坝肩主要为典型的倾倒变形岩体,为探讨倾倒变形岩体在天然重力场条件的变形破裂发展趋势。试验采用模拟重力场条件的岩体底摩擦模型试验技术模拟分析岩体倾倒变形进一步发展演变过程及特征。     

异波折板多段两相厌氧城市污水处理工艺试验研究

提出了异波折板多段两相厌氧城市污水处理工艺。通过反应器内异波折板的结构设计、液相流速设计和系统内生物相的分段调控,在提高传质效率的同时,使不同种群微生物的生化活性得到明显改善,有机污染物去除效率显著提高。实验结果表明,当水力停留时间大于10 h时,COD的去除率可达90%以上,而且受温度影响很小。     

北半球冰川物质平衡的突变

据世界冰川监测处（ＷＧＭＳ）收集,编辑和出版的全球冰川物质平衡序列资料,用序列平均滑动ｔ检验,探测了北半球２０ａ以上长序列３３条冰川的１０ａ尺度突变。结果表明,突变发生年代的区域特征与气候环流背景突变很相近。证实冰川年物质平衡序列反映气候背景突出的能力与灵敏性。     

云南富宁地区铜镍矿成矿地质条件分析

铜镍是富宁地区主要矿种。成矿母岩为"安定型"基性岩。岩体具有明显的分异现象,自边缘至中心可分成致密状辉绿岩相、中细粒橄榄辉长苏长岩相、中粒辉长苏长岩相、中粒闪长岩相四个相带。铜镍矿主要产于中细粒橄榄辉长苏长岩相中,其次产于中粒辉长苏长岩相中。对富宁地区铜镍矿成矿地质条件进行分析。     

Lu–Hf and U–Pb isotope systematics of zircons from the Storgangen intrusion, Rogaland Intrusive Complex, SW Norway: implications for the composition and evolution of Precambrian lower crust in the Baltic Shield

The Storgangen orebody is a concordantly layered, sill-like body of ilmenite-rich norite, intruding anorthosites of the Rogaland Intrusive Complex (RIC), SW Norway. 17 zircon grains were separated from ca. 5 kg of sand-size flotation waste collected from the on-site repository from ilmenite mining. These zircons were analysed for major and trace elements by electron microprobe, and for U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes by laser ablation microprobe plasma source mass spectrometry. Eight of the zircons define a well-constrained (MSWD=0.37) concordant population with an age of 949±7 Ma, which is significantly older than the 920–930 Ma ages previously reported for zircon inclusions in orthopyroxene megacrysts from the RIC. The remaining zircons, interpreted as inherited grains, show a range of ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages up to 1407±14 Ma, with an upper intercept age at ca. 1520 Ma. The concordant zircons have similar trace element patterns, and a mean initial Hf isotope composition of ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf_{949 Ma}=0.28223±5 (_Hf=+2±2). This is similar to the Hf-isotope composition of zircons in a range of post-tectonic Sveconorwegian granites from South Norway, and slightly more radiogenic than expected for mid-Proterozoic juvenile crust. The older, inherited zircons show Lu–Hf crustal residence ages in the range 1.85–2.04 Ga. One (undated) zircon plots well within the field of Hf isotope evolution of Paleoproterozoic rocks of the Baltic Shield. These findings indicate the presence of Paleoproterozoic components in the deep crust of the Rogaland area, but do not demonstrate that such rocks, or a Sveconorwegian mantle-derived component, contributed significantly to the petrogenesis of the RIC. If the parent magma was derived from a homogeneous, lower crustal mafic granulite source, the lower crustal protolith must be at least 1.5 Ga old, and it must have an elevated Rb/Sr ratio. This component would be indistinguishable in Sr, Nd and Hf isotopes from some intermediate mixtures between Sveconorwegian mantle and Paleoprotoerzoic felsic crust, but it cannot account for the initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd of the most primitive, late Sveconorwegian granite in the region, without the addition of mantle-derived material.     

Granite fracture index to check suitability of granite outcrops for quarrying

A correct knowledge of fracture patterns previous to quarrying is important for economical exploitation. This work comprises the general characterization of the discontinuities of 10 granite rock masses in NE Portugal. During the study some discontinuity characteristics such as orientation, persistence, aperture, trace length and spacing were evaluated. The differences in the characteristics of the selected granites were described, and the most important exploration factors were identified. In the granites studied, most of the joints are oriented from N10°E to N50°E, which is compatible with the regional fracture pattern. Concerning joint termination, the XX type is common, while the RR type is rare; the persistence index ranges from 3.5% to 25.4%. Closed joints are predominant in the granites studied (> 72.4%), and openings of the others are about 1–2 mm as a result of superficial displacement of the granite blocks. The percentage of filled joints, usually by quartz and pegmatite, is different from one granite to another, but most are < 20%. The average joint length ranges from 11.1 m in post-tectonics granites to 4.6 m in syntectonic granites. Joint spacing varies from 0.98 to 2.8 m with higher values in post-tectonic granites. Joint-space distributions of the granites studied are close to log-normal and exponential distributions. Volumetric joint count (Jv) ranges from 0.8 to 2.1 joints/m³ and is used for categorizing the places of each granite. The relationships between Jv and other joint characteristics, such as length, spacing and number of joint sets, were investigated. A Granite Fracturing Index (GFI) is introduced, computed on the basis of volumetric joint count, number of joint sets and true joint spacing. The GFI classification of studied places allows us evaluate the suitability for profitable exploitation.     

思茅坳陷油气地质特征与勘探前景

思茅坳陷存在古生界和中一新生界两套沉积盖层,具有多套生储盖组合。以二叠系、三叠系为主力烃源岩,储层低孔低渗,侏罗系一白垩系“红层”组成区域盖层。思茅坳陷气水同喷、原油显示表明,该区海相地层仍有油气勘探前景,以存在K3-N区域盖层、断裂改造较弱、源岩成熟度较低、构造发育的英德一景谷、勐腊一勐满含油气保存单元为首选靶区,具有一定勘探前景。     

激光探针质谱分析碳酸盐碳、氧同位素技术

用激光显微装置和MAT 2 5 1质谱计原位分析碳酸盐的碳、氧同位素 ,与常规酸解法有同样的分析精度(标准偏差 0 .0 6‰～ 0 .0 8‰ ) ,δ1 3 C值无明显差异 ,而δ1 8O值比酸解法偏负约 1.11‰～ 1.2 3‰ ,可能是温度效应的结果 ,可以进行系统校正。     

高放废物地质处置库花岗岩体预选研究

简要介绍了应用遥感技术结合地质研究,优选高放废物地质处置库花岗岩体的思路和方法。以北山外围地区为例,通过遥感数据处理,遥感影像解译,岩体地质特征分析,岩体预选准则的建立,在野外勘查的基础上,预选了若干有利的花岗岩体。为优选高放废物地质处置库场址提供决策依据。