东濮拗陷地区地震震相特征分析

东濮拗陷位于河北平原地震带东南部，南邻河淮地震带，东与郯庐地震带相望。东濮拗陷受控于新北东向的聊兰断裂、黄河断裂和长垣断裂，对该区的地质构造特征、地震特征、震相特征等进行了研究。指出，东濮拗陷区的地震属浅源地震，该区有康氏面存在，地震台可记到清晰的康氏面反射波P^＊。     

岩土力学试验中的两个问题讨论及其应用

本文根据实验和理论分析, 提出一种单轴、三轴压缩试验的新的破坏判据, 分析其机理是体积或密度连续原则的破坏。指出这一判据有可能应用在这种试验的自动控制上。     

Scoping analyses of the coupled thermal-hydrological-mechanical behaviour of the rock mass around a nuclear fuel waste repository

Scoping calculations were performed in order to assess the influence of radiogenic heat on the performance of the rock mass around a nuclear fuel waste repository. The full coupling between the thermal, mechanical and hydrological processes involved was considered by using the finite element code, FRACON, developed through an extension of Biot's classical theory of soil consolidation. By considering the full T---H---M coupling, several important safety features, which would otherwise be omitted in uncoupled analyses, were detected in the present study. In particular, it was shown that the heat-induced pore pressure increase around the repository has the potential to significantly increase the rate of groundwater flow, and affect the structural integrity of the rock mass.     

Fractal dimension of profiles and surfaces using fuzzy morphological coverings

In this paper, we propose a new method, based on fuzzy morphology coverings, to estimate the fractal dimension of profiles and surfaces. This method is geometrically intuitive and simple to implement. Algorithmically, the method fits a covering to the frames or blocks of the profile or surface using fuzzy morphology. Varying the dimension of the frame or block, estimates of the length or area covered are then used to find the fractal dimension. Validation of the proposed method is performed by comparing its results with known fractal dimensions of mathematical profiles. The method is used to obtain the fractal dimension of rock profiles and surfaces.     

Drillability prediction: geological influences in hard rock drill and blast tunnelling

 Usually the main subject in preliminary site investigations prior to tunnelling projects is the prediction of tunnel stability. During the past years in conventional drill and blast tunnelling, problems have occurred also connected to the accurate prediction of drillability in hard rock. The drillability is not only decisive for the wear of tools and equipment but is – along with the drilling velocity – a standard factor for the progress of excavation works. The estimation of drillability in predicted rock conditions might bear an extensive risk of costs. Therefore, an improved prediction of drilling velocity and bit wear would be desireable. The drillability of a rock mass is determined by various geological and mechanical parameters. In this report some major correlations of specific rock properties and especially geological factors with measured bit wear and drilling velocity are shown. Drilling velocity is dependent on a lot of geological parameters: Those principal parameters include jointing of rock mass, orientation of schistosity (rock anisotropy), degree of interlocking of microstructures, porosity and quality of cementation of clastic rock, degree of hydrothermal decomposition and weathering of a rock mass. Drilling bit wear increases with the equivalent quartz content. The equivalent quartz content builds the main property for the content of wear-relevant minerals. For various groups of rock types different connections with the equivalent quartz content could be detected. In sandstone bit wear is also dependent on porosity or the quality of the cementation. Finally, an investigation program is submitted, which helps to improve the estimation of rock drillability in planning future tunnel projects. Received: 14 June 1996/Accepted: 10 January 1997     

Induced seismicity in the Khibiny Massif (Kola Peninsula)

The topic of this paper is to review recent processes of increasing seismic activity in the Khibiny Massif in the Kcla Peninsula. It is a typical example of induced seismicity caused by rock deformation due to the extraction of more than 2·10⁹ tons of rock mass since the mid-1960s. The dependence of seismic activity on the amount of extracted ore is demonstrated. Some of the induced earthquakes coincide with large mining explosions, thus indicating a trigger mechanism. The largest earthquake, which occurred on 16 April 1989 (M _L= 4.1) could be traced along the surface for 1200 m and observed to a depth of at least 220 m. The maximum measured displacement was 15–20 cm.     

岩石红外辐射温度随岩石应力变化的规律和特征以及与声发射率的关系

在实验室对不同岩性不同结构的岩石试件进行单轴加载至试件破裂试验，得出了如下主要结果：（１）岩石试件的红外辐射温度随应力增加而变化，温度变化的范围在０．２℃－０．８℃。（２）岩石试件临破裂前出现明显的岩石破裂温度前兆。（３）有一部分岩石试件临破裂前出现高温条带、高温区或低温条带、低温区。不久，试件沿高温条带、区或低温条带、区发生主破裂。（４）有一部分岩石试件在临破裂前出现温度脉冲，正脉冲达到２．８℃，负脉冲达到－１．０℃。（５）当应力增加时，岩石试件的辐射温度增加与声发射率增加呈互补关系。     

蒙脱石的脱水作用对断层摩擦本构行为的影响

利用高温双轴摩擦装置，研究了含蒙脱石的断层带在不同温度下摩擦滑动的速度依赖性，以期了解脱水作用对摩擦行为的影响。结果表明，断层带摩擦强度随温度而升高，而速度依赖性较为复杂，以１．４ｕ／ｓ为界，室温和１００℃时，低滑动速率下表现为微弱的速度弱化，高滑动速率下则表现为速度强化；２００℃时均为速度强化；３００℃时高滑动速率下仍为速度强化，但低滑动速率下转变为速度弱化；４００℃以上，均为明显的速度弱化。摩擦行为的变化与脱水过程及相应的断层物质变形方式的变化密切相关