黄沙坪矿区岩浆岩及其控矿特征

在总结黄沙坪矿区各类岩浆岩特征及其控矿特征的基础上，提出了岩浆岩的演化系列及其成因，认为区内３０１花岗斑岩和３０４花斑岩是多金属矿的主要成矿源岩，而石英斑岩则是区内斑岩铜矿的成矿岩体。     

Stability analysis of rock wedges with multiple sliding surfaces

Summary Although wedge and plane sliding stability analyses are well established in the geotechnical literature, certain geologic environments produce blocks which cannot be adequately modelled as either wedges or plane slides. An example is blocks forming in cylindrically folded sedimentary rocks, where the surface of sliding is neither a single plane nor a double plane but is curved. This type of block may be idealized as a prismatic block with multiple sliding planes, all with parallel lines of intersection. If the sliding planes number three or more, the distribution of normal forces, and hence the factor of safety, is indeterminate. A new analytical model for sliding stability analysis is described in which the distribution of normal forces on the contact planes is chosen to minimize the potential energy of the system. The classic wedge and plane solutions are shown to be special cases of this more general model, which allows determination of the safety factor for any shape of prismatic contact surface. An example from Tennessee concerning a block with a curved sliding surface is described and the factor of safety compared with the standard wedge analysis. It is shown that with three or more contact planes, the safety factor may be significantly lower than that calculated from the wedge model, which provides an upper limit on stability.     

内蒙古科尔康油田沙海组储集层的岩石学特征

根据碎屑岩铸体薄片和扫描电镜观察分析资料，研究了科尔康油田沙海组储集层的岩石学特征。科尔康油田沙海组储集层的岩石类型主要为岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂砾岩。碎屑岩的岩性特征对沙海组储集层的成岩作用具有显著的影响作用。     

Prediction of volumes and risk in hydrocarbon exploration: a quantification of geology

 The prediction of the hydrocarbon potential of a specific trap or of a number of specific traps (venture), referred to herein as prospect appraisal, concerns a probabilistic exercise based on the quantification of geology in terms of structural closure, reservoir quality, hydrocarbon charge, and the retention potential of the seal. Its objectives include: (a) prediction of the hydrocarbon volumes that could be present in the trap from an analysis of its geologic attributes; (b) the amount of uncertainty introduced in the volumetric prediction by the uncertainties in the subsurface geology; (c) the risk that one or more of the essential attributes of the prospect are underdeveloped and recoverable reserves are absent. The uncertainty of the geologic input requires a probabilistic approach, for which the Monte Carlo procedure is well suited. Prospect appraisal forms the basis for decision-making in oil exploration and development and, therefore, should be reliable, consistent, and auditable. This requires the use of a consistent methodology, the development of reliable models to quantify the geologic processes involved, and the collection of comprehensive and relational databases for the many geologic variables. As a result of data availability, uncertainty and risk tend to increase strongly from mature, producing basins to areas of frontier exploration. This may complicate management of exploration portfolios. Received: 1 July 1996/Accepted: 25 November 1996     

我国磁法勘探的研究与进展

简要概述了我国磁法勘探50年来的研究与进展，主要包括：地面、航空与海洋磁测工作，磁力仪研制与生产，磁异常处理与转换技术，磁异常解释理论与方法，岩石磁性研究，磁法勘探在基础地质研究、固体矿产勘查、油气勘查和其他领域中的应用．     

Qualitätsanforderungen an Oberflächengewässer: Zielvorgaben,Qualitätsziele und chemische Gewässergüteklassifizierung

Quality Requirements for Fresh Waters: Water Quality Targets, Water Quality Objectives, and Chemical Water Quality Classification In the Federal Republic of Germany, water quality requirements for the protection of inland surface waters against hazardous substances are formulated on the basis of a quality targets derivation concept developed jointly by the Federal Government and the Federal States. The quality requirements were termed “water quality targets” in order to make it clear that the values derived are orientational values rather than legally binding limit values. The international comparison of quality requirements for surface waters shows that, on the whole, the national quality targets ensure a high level of protection. According to present scientific knowledge, impairments of uses, such as supply of drinking water, or risks to aquatic communities need not to be expected if the quality targets are complied with. A comparison of water quality data with the water quality targets makes it possible, on the one hand, to identify those substances whose inputs must be further reduced; on the other hand, it also shows that, for a number of substances, there is no need at present for concern over their adversely water quality. A further differentiation of the aquatic hazard potential of pollutants allows a water quality classification system to be developed on the basis of the quality targets derivation concept. The basic elements of this water quality classification system are presented, and its application is explained by way of examples.     

地质速率计—矿物氧扩散的应用

概述了同位素封闭体系内的矿物氧扩散和同位素交换机制及其在地质速率计上的应用。火成岩从高温冷却或变质岩从高峰主质温度冷却过程中，由于冷却速度不同，扩散作用导致的矿物晶体内部及晶粒间氧同位素再平衡也有所不同。通过实测岩石中各组成矿物氧同位素比值，模式含量和颗粒半径，据矿物氧扩散和同位素交换模型，可以估算出岩石的冷却速率。     

岩石弹脆性分维损伤本构模型

本文定义岩石构元中破裂面的分维值为各向同性损伤变量,而各个方向上裂纹面的累加量定义为各向异性损伤变量,并根据裂纹发育特征提出了损伤变量演化方程,从而建立起岩石脆性变形破坏过程的分维损伤本构模型。最后,利用该模型对大理岩单轴压缩应力应变曲线进行了模拟,结果说明本文提出的模型是较为合理的。     

岩体力学试验的理论分析

本文通过对岩石力学试验中岩石试件破坏方式的分析, 在理论上解释了岩体力学试验中经常遇到的一些力学现象并且作出了定量的回答, 同时还建立了岩石的各种破坏模式的判据。     

塔里木盆地西南缘的岩石组合及其构造演化

塔里木盆地西南缘可划分为喀喇昆仑、西昆仑、塔里木等三个地层区和康西瓦、库地等两个缝合带。自震旦纪以来,该区经历了震旦纪—泥盆纪和石炭纪—第四纪两大构造旋回。对应每一旋回,喀喇昆仑地层区和塔里木地层区发育有被动大陆边缘盆地和碰撞造山两种类型的岩石组合。西昆仑地层区发育了被动大陆边缘盆地、俯冲消减带和碰撞造山等三种类型的岩石组合。康西瓦缝合带是康西瓦洋经历了震旦纪—中泥盆世和早石炭世—晚侏罗世两次开合后的遗迹,它既是喀喇昆仑和西昆仑两个地层区的分界线,又是羌塘和塔里木两个板块的分界线;库地缝合带则是库地洋经历早石炭世—早二叠世一次开合的遗迹,分割了西昆仑和塔里木这两个地层区。