东昆仑山小南川岩体裂变径迹年代与中新世晚期以来的构造地貌演化

对昆仑垭口地区小南川岩体7件样品进行磷灰石裂变径迹年代学测试, 分析了岩体的冷却过程及岩体的剥露与构造地貌演化的关系.结果表明东昆仑山区中新世晚期视剥蚀速率极为缓慢, 为0.020~0.035mm/a, 反映的是构造隆升作用微弱、地貌缓和的地质环境, 因而构造隆升速率与低的视剥蚀速率相当.上新世以来小南川岩体突发性快速隆升冷却, 造成超过3km的物质揭顶, 这不是由单纯的剥蚀过程导致, 而是反映了昆仑山上新世以来的强烈构造隆升驱动下的成山作用过程.岩体上新世的裂变径迹年龄与近东西向的昆仑河-野牛沟谷地断裂断陷、昆仑垭口盆地断陷以及后期西大滩谷地断陷的综合构造地貌演化有密切的成因联系.此外裂变径迹年龄的空间分布格局反映了区域性的差异隆升作用, 由南向北、由西向东, 隆升和剥蚀作用逐渐衰减, 这与东昆仑山南北向以及东、西昆仑山之间地貌发育的差异性以及新生代火山作用分布是吻合的.      

西藏地表温度时空演变特征及影响因子

地表温度（land surface temperature,LST）是反映生态环境状况的重要指标。西藏作为气候变化的敏感地区,掌握其LST的时空变化有利于深入了解西藏热环境演化过程,为长期监测高原基础生态变化提供帮助。研究基于谷歌地球引擎获取西藏2000—2020年的MODIS LST数据,采用归一化分级方法对LST进行5个等级的划分,利用趋势分析、热力空间分析以及重心迁移等方法分析了研究区近20年来的LST时空演变特征。同时,选取归一化植被指数（normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI）、裸土指数（bare soil index,BI）、垂直不透水面指数（perpendicular impervious surface index,PISI）、湿度（WET）以及高程（digital elevation model,DEM）等5个影响LST的地表参数,结合多尺度地理加权回归,探讨了LST影响因子的作用尺度与作用效力。结果表明：2000—2020年,西藏LST均值由18.72℃上升至20.28℃,年均增长0.09℃,LST呈现微弱上升态势。2...     

CLSM技术应用于化石硅藻微构造的尝试研究

首次采用激光扫描共聚焦显微系统(Confocal Laser Scanaing Microsystem)的新方法对西藏化石硅藻进行了微构造的尝试研究,通过对标本不同层面的系列扫描和三维重组立体图像的观察,揭示了采自西藏阿里地区和山南地区湖相沉积剖面的化石硅藻的微构造及形态特征,发现了某些对硅藻分类、示相特征的新标识,并在CLSM技术的应用方面获得了新的认识.     

植被电磁散射的半空间模型研究

本文给出了地面植被电磁散射的半空间模型研究方法.在以往的相关文献中,均采用自由空间格林函数求解单个叶片散射体的散射场,本文利用半空间并矢格林函数求出了单个散射体的散射场,然后运用Monte Carlo方法模拟生成地面植被层,得到了在半空间下植被层的电磁散射特性,计算出了单、双站雷达散射截面,并与自由空间下的散射场做了相互对比.结果表明,在半空间格林函数下得到的散射场更为适用于描述地面植被的电磁散射特性.     

碱性玄武岩形成的时限及其地质意义

中国华北克拉通及邻区的早前寒武纪不存在碱性玄武岩。全球范围内碱性玄武岩的形成也存在时限性，它们在中新生代以来相对大量的出现。碱性玄武岩可划分为钾质碱性玄武岩和钠质碱性玄武岩两大类，后者还可作进一步划分。它们在同位素组成和元素组成上存在相互过渡的变化，这与地幔源区外来加入物质的种类和比例不同有关。高压和低程度熔融是所有碱性玄武岩形成的必要条件。研究表明，碱性玄武岩形成具时限性主要与地球热状态从热向冷的历史演化有关。碱性玄武岩的形成需要地幔俯冲作用，可达到相当深度的地幔俯冲作用只是到了太古宙以后才发生，并在中新生代以来达到高潮。     

西藏甲玛矿床南坑高分异Ⅰ型花岗斑岩及黑云母矿物学特征

高硅花岗岩对于理解浅部岩浆房的行为具有重要意义.本文对西藏甲玛矿区南坑矿段的花岗斑岩开展了岩相学、岩石地球化学及黑云母矿物学研究.结果显示,该花岗斑岩具有高SiO2(73.39％～77.99％)、高K2O(4.34％～6.45％)和低P2O5(0.03％～0.06％)特征,铝饱和指数为0.97～0.98,富集Rb、Th...     

西藏申扎县甲岗雪山钨、钼、铋多金属矿床稳定同位素地球化学特征及矿床成因探讨

冈底斯成矿带是西藏重要的多金属成矿区之一,在该成矿带北部申扎县首次发现的甲岗雪山钨、钼、铋多金属矿床是不同于其南部斑岩型铜多金属矿床的成矿新类型,该矿床的发现是藏北地区内生金属矿找矿的重要突破.文章对该矿床矿石稳定同位素地球化学特征进行研究表明:成矿流体主要来源于岩浆岩,围岩(地层)可能只提供了少量成矿物质;该矿床硫的来源单一,属于岩浆硫范畴,矿石与围岩中的硫具有相同的来源;铅的来源以地壳铅为主,并混有少量地幔铅.根据上述研究,结合矿床地质特征及同国内外同类型矿床的对比,认为甲岗雪山多金属矿床是在大陆碰撞后陆内伸展构造背景下,形成于喜马拉雅中期中酸性岩浆活动阶段,矿质主要源自岩浆的石英大脉型钨、钼、铋多金属矿床.     

喜马拉雅山东南地区地质灾害发育规律初步研究

利用遥感手段,结合MapGis,研究了喜马拉雅山东南地区地质灾害的发育情况,发现本区发育的主要地质灾害有滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、冰湖以及堰塞湖。其中崩塌、滑坡、泥石流斜坡地质灾害是本区最重要的地质灾害类型,占到总灾害数量的95.3%。在此基础上对喜马拉雅山东南地区地质灾害发育规律初步研究,发现本区地质灾害的发育在空间上的分布并非均匀,而是具有丛集性的特点。滑坡灾害主要发育在隆子和朗县。泥石流灾害比较严重的有米林、隆子和洛扎3县,而崩塌则主要集中在隆子县。研究发现,本区滑坡发育与地层、地形坡度以及土地类型关系密切,其中修康群、日当组和念青唐古拉群是本区的易滑地层。涅如组由于面积大,其中发育的滑坡较多,但是滑坡的发育率只略高于本区的平均水平。统计表明,16～30的坡度范围是滑坡最容易发生的。大于45以上的坡段很少发生滑坡。灌木林和天然草地这两种土地类型滑坡发育率最高。对于泥石流,研究表明,涅如组中泥石流发育面积最大,发育率也最高。泥石流发育的最适宜坡度也是16～30这样一个坡度范围。冰川和永久积雪区则最易发生泥石流。崩塌发育与地层类型、坡度的关系较为密切,崩塌主要发育在涅如组中,并且集中在坡度大于60以上的陡坡段中。这些初步成果的取得,是以后进行该区地质灾害空间预测的基础。     

Early Eocene leucocratic sill/dike swarms in the Gangdese belt,southern Tibet: Tectonic implications for Indo-Asian collision

The timing of the initial Indo-Asian collision is a subject of debate for a long time. Besides, the magmatic trace of the collisional process is also unclear. In the present study, the authors report Early Eocene leucocratic sill/dike swarms in the northern edge of the Nymo intrusive complex of the Gangdese belt, southern Tibet. The Nymo intrusive complex was emplaced at ca. 50 –47 Ma and surrounded by the metamorphosed Jurassic-aged Bima Formation volcano-sedimentary sequence along its northern side. At outcrops, the leucocratic sills/dikes intruded along or truncated the deformed foliations of the host Bima Formation, which has been subject to high-temperature amphibolite-facies metamorphism at ca. 50 –47 Ma. Detailed cathodoluminescence image analyses reveal that the zircon grains of the leucocratic sills/dikes have core-mantle textures. The cores yield the Jurassic ages comparable to the protolith ages of the Bima Formation. In contrast, the mantles of zircon grains yield weighted mean ages of ca. 49–47 Ma, representing the crystallization timing of these leucocratic sills/dikes. The coeval ages for the Nymo intrusive complex, the high-temperature metamorphism, and the leucocratic sills/dikes indicate that a close relationship exists among them. The authors tentatively suggest that these leucocratic sills/dikes were generated from partial melting of the Jurassic-aged Bima Formation volcanic rocks, triggered by the high heat from the magma chamber of the Nymo intrusive complex. This Early Eocene tectono-thermal event of coeval magmatism, metamorphism and partial melting was most likely formed during the Indo-Asian collisional setting.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Centralization in the global avoided deforestation collaboration network

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation projects currently cover an area approximately twice the size of Germany and challenge traditional concepts of centralization and decentralization in studies of environmental governance. Emerging from the interactions of a complex network of actors, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation demonstrates that transnational governance networks of organizations can become spatially centralized. Using a historical analysis of the development of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, we argue that the evolution of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation policy has been directed primarily from donor countries, especially in North America and Europe. Adopting a social network analysis approach, we present findings from a new dataset of collaboration on 276 Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation, avoided deforestation, and sustainable forest management projects that began some on-the-ground operations between 1989 and June 2012, finding that organizations in donor countries have from the beginning been the central actors in the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation network. We conclude that Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation exhibits spatial centralization within transnational governance architectures despite institutional fragmentation, raising important normative questions about participation in transnational forest governance.