《’99GPS与控制测量新技术研讨会论文集》稿件分析

分析了稿件的专业分布、地域分布、行业分布和作者群分布情况,说明了我国在ＧＰＳ与控制测量技术方面的研究与应用的进展情况。     

Environmental impacts of ground vibration induced by blasting at different rock units on the Kadikoy–Kartal metro tunnel

This paper presents the results of ground vibration analysis induced by blasting during the construction of the Istanbul Kadıköy–Kartal metro tunnel. Different rock formations in this tunnel route were encountered during the excavation with blasting. As a first stage, the test site is divided into 6 main regions with respect to lithology changes in the rock units and Hoek's Geological Strength Index value of these rock units. During the excavation, a total of 659 events were recorded in 260 shots by vibration monitors. Scaled distance and peak particle velocity data pairs belonging to these shots were carefully recorded and analyzed statistically. As a result of this analysis, empirical relationships between scaled distance and peak particle velocity were established with higher correlation coefficients specific to each region. Finally, the particle velocities and frequency values of all blast events were evaluated according to Turkish Environmental Regulation, the United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) and the German DIN 4150 Norms in order to predict the influence level to the neighboring buildings and structures.     

陡倾矿体充填法开采引起地表移动的实例分析

监测表明,长期采用充填法开采的大型金属矿山也会发生显著的地表变形破坏现象。为了掌握金川镍矿地下开采引起的地表移动、变形和破坏规律,借助GPS技术作为地表移动的监测手段,建立了覆盖矿区地表的GPS监测网。持续的监测数据表明,金川矿区地表最大沉降量已达2400mm左右,以现场调查与地表长期监测数据为依据,给出了地表移动的范围与特征,分析了与岩体移动、变形和破坏现象发生相关的条件和规律,并提出了一些具有预测性的观点,为工程地质-岩石力学条件大致相同矿山的工程技术人员和研究人员提供了一个有借鉴意义的实例。     

The use of landscape evolution models in mining rehabilitation design

Landscape evolution models can be useful tools for the evaluation of rehabilitation designs for post-mining landscapes. When calibrated for the erodible material, landscape evolution models can predict sediment loss over entire landscapes (i.e. tonnes/hectare/year), method of erosion (i.e. slope wash, gullying) and also where on a hillslope erosion is likely to occur. The models provide the ability to examine simple hillslopes through to complex whole landscapes. These models can also be used for a probabilistic risk assessment of rehabilitation design for high-risk situations such as tailings dams. Importantly, unlike other erosion models they allow the eroded landscape to be visualised. This paper outlines the capabilities of the SIBERIA landscape evolution model for the rehabilitation of mining landscapes and proposes a probabilistic approach for risk assessment and site stability.     

Landslide risk assessment using concepts of danger pixels and fuzzy set theory in Darjeeling Himalayas

Landslide risk assessment (LRA) is a key component of landslide studies. The landslide risk can be defined as the potential for adverse consequences or loss to human population and property due to the occurrence of landslides. The LRA can be regional or site-specific in nature and is an important information for planning various developmental activities in the area. LRA is considered as a function of landslide potential (LP) and resource damage potential (RDP). The LP and RDP are typically characterized by the landslide susceptibility zonation map and the resource map (i.e., land use land cover map) of the area, respectively. Development of approaches for LRA has always been a challenge. In the present study, two approaches for LRA, one based on the concept of danger pixels and the other based on fuzzy set theory, have been developed and implemented to generate LRA maps of Darjeeling Himalayas, India. The LRA map based on the first approach indicates that 1,015 pixels of habitation and 921 pixels of road section are under risk due to landslides. The LRA map derived from fuzzy set theory based approach shows that a part of habitat area (2,496 pixels) is under very high risk due to landslides. Also, another part of habitat area and a portion of road network (7,204 pixels) are under high risk due to landslides. Thus, LRA map based on the concept of danger pixels gives the pixels under different resource categories at risk due to landslides whereas the LRA map based on the concept of fuzzy set theory further refines this result by defining the degree of severity of risk to these categories by putting these into high and low risk zones. Hence, the landslide risk assessment study carried out using two approaches in this paper can be considered in cohesion for assessing the risks due to landslides in a region.     

4000 m岩心钻机桅杆结构设计与有限元分析

桅杆是钻机的重要组成部分,本文对勘探技术研究所自主研制的4000米岩心钻机桅杆进行结构设计,在Solidworks中完成桅杆的建模,运用ANSYS Workbench对桅杆装配体进行有限元分析,完成对桅杆结构强度和刚度的校核,并对其进行模态分析,得到前10阶固有频率和振型,与激振源进行对比,分析发现第1阶、第2阶固有频率与钻机转盘和起升系统频率有重叠,可能会发生共振,通过调节钻机转盘和起升系统转速避免发生共振,振动时最大变形处变形量较小,说明桅杆结构设计合理,能够满足实际应用要求,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

面向成矿分析的黄金遥感数据库归一化模型

在完成全国黄金遥感数据库项目工作实践中提出作用归一化方法,将面向目标分析１关系密切的地质要素进行数据融合处理,建立面向地质成矿分析集属性、几何、拓扑关系于一体的数据模型,从而大大方便了不同要素间空间位置的查询和检索,利于多源数据复合分析,克服了以往的专题分层模型实体间相互割裂的缺陷。     

Sea Level Rise and Its Risk Management

Sea level rise is among the most severe societal consequences of anthropogenic climate change. Significant advance has been achieved in recent years in the study of future sea level rise and its risk management practice: ①Sea level rise is considered as a kind of hazard,its future plausible scenarios and their probabilities are necessary to be predicted and estimated,and the upper limit with very low probability and high consequences should be emphasized. For this purpose,a complete probability distribution framework has been developed to predict the scenarios and probabilities of future sea level rise with Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) and the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) in recent years. ② For a high emissions scenario,it was found that Antarctic Ice Sheet might make a contribution to Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) rise as high as 78150 cm (mean value 114 cm) by 2100. For the same scenario,the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report gave an Antarctic contribution of only -8+14 cm (mean value 4 cm). ③ Recent studies recommended a revised worst-case (Extreme) GMSL rise scenario of 2.5 m from previous 2.0 m by 2100. It is recognized that GMSL rise will not stop at 2100; rather,it will continue to rise for centuries afterwards,but the degree of uncertainty related to sea level rise will increase. ④ Approaches of combining the upper-bound scenario and a central estimate or mid-range scenario, Adaptation Pathways and robust decision-making are developed to provide a set of long-term planning envelope. These decision-making methods are used widely in coastal risk management related to future sea level rise. Sea level rise and its risk management need to enhance monitoring,analysis and simulation to predict the global,regional and local seal level rise scenarios and the probabilities with different time scales,reduce the estimate uncertainty, assess its upper limits, and enhance decision methods and their application under deep uncertain, in order to meet the needs of climate change adaptation planning,decision-making and long-term risk management in coastal regions.     

唐山市某住宅小区岩溶塌陷地质灾害危险性评价

唐山市某住宅小区位于山前平原,第四系地层厚度35m左右,下伏基岩为奥陶系灰岩。住宅区有岩溶塌陷地质灾害。本文评价小区岩溶地质灾害危险性。