清咸丰六年长江三角洲地区旱灾气候背景分析

介绍了清咸丰六年(1856年)长江三角洲地区大旱的发生情况,认为此次大旱持续时间长,属夏秋连旱;旱情严重,波及面广,几乎影响到了长江三角洲的所有地区,太湖流域北部、南部,江北淮南地区最严重,太湖东部的苏州、松江二府、太仓直隶州的灾情略轻,江北东部的通州直隶州灾情也较轻,最东边的海门直隶厅甚至没有找到大灾的明确记载。大旱之后继发了大蝗灾。在此基础上,对引发此次严重干旱的气候背景进行了分析。分析结果认为,副热带高压强度偏弱,但脊线位置偏北,造成了季风雨带偏北,长江三角洲地区长时间处在副高控制下,从5月底至8月底没有出现连续性降水,造成了罕见的大旱;而春季降水不足,又加剧了灾情。     

冷空气侵入的暴雨过程物理量场变化与诊断分析

通过对近年的几次有低层冷空气侵入的暴雨天气过程进行数值模拟和诊断分析,发现很多暴雨天气过程都与冷空气侵入有密切关系,连续暴雨过程是在较好的水汽条件和不稳定层结条件下发生的,K指数、Q矢量辐合、螺旋度、水汽通量辐合、涡度和上升速度等物理量大值区的范围和演变趋势,同暴雨范围及演变趋势基本一致;暴雨区上空有高位涡柱存在,并有自低层到高层的高位涡上传。     

Perceptions and responses to climate policy risks among California farmers

This paper considers how farmers perceive and respond to climate change policy risks, and suggests that understanding these risk responses is as important as understanding responses to biophysical climate change impacts. Based on a survey of 162 farmers in California, we test three hypotheses regarding climate policy risk: (1) that perceived climate change risks will have a direct impact on farmer's responses to climate policy risks, (2) that previous climate change experiences will influence farmer's climate change perceptions and climate policy risk responses, and (3) that past experiences with environmental policies will more strongly affect a farmer's climate change beliefs, risks, and climate policy risk responses. Using a structural equation model we find support for all three hypotheses and furthermore show that farmers’ negative past policy experiences do not make them less likely to respond to climate policy risks through participation in a government incentive program. We discuss how future research and climate policies can be structured to garner greater agricultural participation. This work highlights that understanding climate policy risk responses and other social, economic and policy perspectives is a vital component of understanding climate change beliefs, risks and behaviors and should be more thoroughly considered in future work.     

ICP—AES法分析辉锑矿

本文针对辉锑矿成分复杂、主元素Sb易水解、部分元素易挥发,酸不溶元素的存在以及元素之间的干扰等问题,拟定了酸溶和碱熔分解试样的分析流程。在酸溶系统中结合TBP萃淋树脂和巯基棉分离富集分组,ICP-AES法测定Fe、Ca、Mg、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Au、Ag、In、Tl、Cd、Bi、Ga、Mo、Se、Te、As等20个元素。碱熔系统不分离主元素,用校正因素校正元素间光谱干扰并采用内标法ICP-AES测定Al、Ti、V、Ba、Sr、Sn、Sc、Cr、Be、Si和Sb等11个元素。试样验证表明,方法可行。     

场地地震效应及其预测的某些考虑

本文从场地地震危险性评价,地震危险性概率分析、场地地震工程地质单元划分、地震反应分析、活断层工程分类等五个方面、论述场地地震效应及其预测中基本原理和方法。根据工程地震危险性评价和分析、地震小区划等地震工程实践,对场地地震效应及其预测提供一些基本考虑和经验     

Application of AMD to the Determination of Cropprotection Agents in Drinking Water. Part III: Solid Phase Extraction and Affecting Factors Anwendung der AMD-Technik zur Bestimmung von Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel-Wirkstoffen im Trinkwasser. Teil III: Festphasenextraktion und ihre Einflußfaktoren

The more sensitive an analysis method the more care must be given to sample preparation. Solid phase extraction (SPE) onto RP 18 phases has established itself as a general purification and enrichment technique for trace components in aqueous samples. Various factors may thereby influence the recovery rate. For example, the ratio amount of sorbent and sample volume should be taken into account to avoid breakthrough of the investigated substance. Extracting phenylurea herbicides from drinking water, the ratio should be 1 g RP 18 sorbent per 1 L water sample. Concerning the flow rate for the fungicides procymidone, vinclozolin, and iprodione, the recovery rate decreases using higher flow rates than 3 or 6 mL/min. In the case of phenylurea herbicides, a flow rate of 10 or 14 mL/min showed best results. Even the coefficient of variation is below ± 5% at these flow rates. Furthermore, the company dependence should be considered because the recovery rate might differ by up to 40% using the nominally identical material. The same applies to the batch dependence of quality from the same company. The concentration of the eluate must also be monitored and carried out with great care to avoid decreasing the recovery rate. Considering these factors of influence, SPE is a very useful tool in sample preparation, particularly if an automated system is used.     

深井水位固体潮的调和分析结果

使用Venedikov调和分析方法,对8口深井各一年或两年经气压改正后的水位记录,计算了水位固体潮相对于体应变固体潮的振幅比和相位差。本文从相位差的分析结果求解了含水层的渗透率,分析结果还显示出液态地核动力学效应引起的固体潮日波振幅比的共振现象。这是对以往其它观测手段得到的相应结果的支持,同时也说明了深井水位资料中含有非常丰富的地球物理信息。文中还对环境因素和井孔条件造成的某些效应做了探讨。     

大化水库地震分析

大化水库自1983年蓄水后出现频繁的微弱地震,延续时间达7年,最大震为Ms1.7级,地震系列属震群型,初步判断属水库诱发地震。由于库区有活动断层且岩溶发育,地震诱发机制可能为断层孔隙水压力效应或岩液塌陷。从地震发展趋势分析,目前已处于衰减程过,预测今后不会有强震发生。     

遥感技术的经济效益分析模型与计算方法

本文在遥感技术系统分析的基础上,给出了一个效益分析模型与相应的一些计算方法。在找寻提高遥感效益关键所在及制定遥感发展战略、政策和规划的过程中,它们是一个非常有效的工具。     

深部气层和干层测井模糊综合评判

深部气层和干层的区分是常规测井解释的难题。认识始于实践。本文依据东濮凹陷深层试采资料,建立了两个模式各四个参数的隶属度曲线,进行气层和干层模糊综合评判研究,并用该地区深层试井资料作了检验,效果颇佳。证明模糊综合评判是区分深部气层和干层的一种行之有效的方法。