1999—2008年巴彦诺尔公气象要素对水面蒸发影响的灰色关联分析

利用巴彦诺尔公基准气候站1999—2008年非冻结期(4—10月)E-601B大型蒸发器观测的蒸发量,以及同步观测的常规气象要素,采用灰色关联方法初步探讨温度、风速、日照时数、气压等气象要素对水面蒸发的影响程度。结果表明,气象要素对巴彦诺尔公地区蒸发量影响程度从大到小的排序依次为温度、日照时数、气压和风速。     

气球施放安全与风险评估方法初探

根据有关法律、法规,阐述了气球施放安全与风险评估的必要性,并结合工作实际,介绍气球施放安全与风险评估应包括的主要内容和具体的操作流程。研究结果认为,适当而足够的风险评估方法应包括6个方面的内容：一是识别所有的危险源;二是评估事故出现的机会和几率;三是对事故可能引发的后果进行分析、分级;四是判断风险是否可以被容忍,辨别事关重大的风险;五是如果风险或潜在后果不可以被容忍的话,辨别出必须做些什么,如何落实防范风险措施;六是为制定在一段相当的时期内保持有效的控制方法提供依据,对不能通过控制活动降低事故发生几率的,依法对气球施放申请作出不批准的决定。     

区域自然灾害风险分析研究进展

讨论了区域自然灾害风险的含义,指出了保险与灾害研究中对风险含义的不同理解,着重说明可能性风险概念,综述了区域灾害风险分析的内容及区域灾害风险估算的数学模型,指出风险分析可归结为风险辨识,风险估算,风险评价三个环节,风险估算数学模型的演进可概括为极值风险模型,概率风险模型,可能性风险模型三个阶段,着重介绍区域自然灾害风险分析的可能性风险模型。     

大连地区地震活动性分析及地震概率背景估计

根据统计计算大连地区１９９１年１１月至 １９９９年１月发生的２９９个ＭL≥２．０地震,得出目前该地区的地震活动规律,并对这期间的地震变化趋势进行了理论分析和概率背景估计,认为其间所发生的地震属于１９９３年３月１８日的大连满家滩南海ＭＬ４．３地震序列,从理论值和实测值的结果判断,该地震序列发生 ＭＬ≥５．０的可能性不大, 但不能排除该地震序列仍然存在着发生４．０≤ＭＬ＜５．０地震的概率背景．目前的地震平静期属于该地震序列活动期的尾声和下一地震活动期能量积累的初级阶段．     

Theoretical discussion and Monte-Carlo simulations for a Negative Binomial process paradox

The idea of an over-threshold sampling is to retain all the events of a time-series exceeding a given threshold. The probabilistic analysis implies estimating two statistical models, one describing the occurrence of the events (date of the events), the other describing their magnitude (value of the local maximum). These two models are then combined to obtain the distribution of the annual maxima. A well-known result of a Poisson process is that waiting time, defined as the duration between two successive events exceeding the threshold, is exponentially distributed. The assertion that the waiting time of a Negative Binomial process is also exponentially distributed seems to be in obvious contradiction with the Poisson process properties. A theoretical discussion and Monte-Carlo simulations are presented to solve this apparent paradox.     

基于贝叶斯方法的深层充电效应风险模型评估

高能电子穿透航天器并在其内部沉积电荷从而引发深层充电效应,是导致卫星故障的重要因素之一.为了评估深层充电效应诱发卫星异常的风险,本文基于贝叶斯方法,使用一颗地球同步轨道卫星的异常数据和GOES-8卫星的电子通量探测数据,计算了不同能量阈值及累积时间的电子注量、不同卫星配置下模拟仿真的沉积电荷,并分别与卫星异常建立一系列概率风险模型.本文从模型中随机抽样得到模拟异常,并与实测异常构造混淆矩阵以评估模型拟合优度,结果表明1.0MeV电子3日累积注量-卫星异常概率风险模型为该卫星最优模型.本文利用最优模型对该卫星深层充电效应风险进行了计算,在1.0MeV电子3日累积注量达到2.0×10~(10)cm~(-2)·sr~(-1)时,该卫星发生深层充电异常的平均后验概率为27%,且95%最小可信值为22%.根据最优模型,我们对该卫星最可能导致异常的部件的材料和结构等特征做出了推断.     

Fragility and risk assessment of freestanding building contents

Multistorey buildings often have a valuable inventory consisting of objects that their possible damage during an earthquake will cause unacceptable losses. The paper presents a novel, fully performance-based seismic reliability and risk assessment framework for freestanding structural components and contents that can be modelled as rocking rigid blocks. The seismic response of building contents depends on several parameters such as the geometry of the object, the dynamic characteristics of the building and the storey that the object is located. The demand at the storey level is first obtained, and then the response of the contents is calculated using the storey acceleration response history. The demand of the structure is obtained with the aid of a modified version of the Incremental Dynamic Analysis method and subsequently the fragility curves of the rocking building contents are derived for every storey of interest. Different options for fragility assessment are discussed, and the underlying details of the problem are investigated. A simplified approach, where the fragility of the freestanding components and the structure are derived separately, is also presented. The method combines existing fragility curves and thus is suitable for quickly assessing the reliability of a building's inventory, offering sufficient risk estimates.     

地震灾害风险防治协同机制研究

在大应急体制下,地震灾害风险防治迎来新的机遇,同时也面临诸多问题和挑战。通过研究14个省和2个自治区地震灾害风险防治协同文件与协同实践,聚焦政府内部,以综合部门与行业部门的关系为重点,对我国地震灾害风险防治协同情况进行梳理和审视,为进一步完善大应急体制下的地震灾害风险防治协同机制提供实践资料、理论分析和政策建议。