加强化工地质科技创新刍议

化工矿产地质队伍组建以来,科技工作曾获得一些成果,取得一定效益。随着地质勘查队伍企业化进程的加快,地质科技工作也出现一定的问题。现化工地质科技创新应着重做好:重点化工矿产资源成矿区带研究;重点矿种成矿理论及找矿方法的创新研究;老矿山、资源危机矿山外围及深部地质找矿工作、地质勘查技术方法研究;低品位、难利用资源的开发利用研究;加快地质工作信息化进程、开展对周边国家和地区化工矿产资源战略研究等工作。当前化工地质勘查队伍应深入贯彻落实《国务院关于加强地质工作的决定》,发挥优势,建设、壮大化工地质科技工作队伍,做好相关的工作,使化工地质科技创新发挥深远的作用。     

唐山响堂三维场地影响观测台阵

１９９４年７月中国地震局工程力学研究所在唐山余震区响堂镇建成了我国第一个三维场地影响观测台阵。该台阵目前有四个测点,分别布设在基岩地表、土层地表、地下１７ｍ和地下３２ｍ处。它安装了分辨率为１６位的井下数字观测系统,主机和从机同步运行,系统时钟采用Ｏｍｅｇａ导航信号自动校对（精度１ｍｓ）,地震数据采用固态方式（ＣＭＯＳ）存储,每个测点均布设一组 量力平衡式加速度计。该台阵自投入运行至１９９７年１２月     

The Ediacaran Rio Doce magmatic arc revisited (Araçuaí-Ribeira orogenic system,SE Brazil)

Described half a century ago, the Galiléia tonalite represents a milestone in the discovery of plate margin magmatic arcs in the Araçuaí-Ribeira orogenic system (southeastern Brazil). In the 1990's, analytical studies on the Galiléia tonalite finally revealed the existence of a Late Neoproterozoic calc-alkaline magmatic arc in the Araçuaí orogen. Meanwhile, the name Rio Doce magmatic arc was applied to calc-alkaline plutons found in the Araçuaí-Ribeira boundary. After those pioneer studies, the calc-alkaline plutons showing a pre-collisional volcanic arc signature and age between 630 Ma and 585 Ma have been grouped in the G1 supersuite, corresponding to the Rio Doce arc infrastructure. Here, we revisit the Rio Doce arc with our solid field knowledge of the region and a robust analytical database (277 lithochemical analyses, and 47 U–Pb, 53 Sm–Nd, 25 ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and 7 Lu–Hf datasets). The G1 supersuite consists of regionally deformed, tonalitic to granodioritic batholiths and stocks, generally rich in melanocratic to mesocratic enclaves and minor gabbroic to dioritic plutons. Gabbroic to dioritic enclaves show evidence of magma mixing processes. The lithochemical and isotopic signatures clearly reveal a volcanic arc formed on a continental margin setting. Melts from a Rhyacian basement form the bulk of the magma produced, whilst gabbroic plutons and enclaves record involvement of mantle magmas in the arc development. Tonalitic stocks (U–Pb age: 618–575 Ma, εNd_(t): −5.7 to −7.8, Nd T_DM ages: 1.28–1.68 Ga, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(t): 0.7059–0.7118, and εHf_(t): −5.2 to −11.7) form the northernmost segment of the Rio Doce arc, which dies out in the ensialic sector of the Araçuaí orogen. At arc eastern and central zones, several batholiths (e.g., Alto Capim, Baixo Guandu, Galiléia, Muniz Freire, São Vítor) record a long-lasting magmatic history (632–580 Ma; εNd_(t): −5.6 to −13.3; Nd T_DM age: 1.35–1.80 Ga; ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(t): 0.7091–0.7123). At arc western border, the magmatic evolution started with gabbro-dioritic and tonalitic plutons (e.g., Chaves pluton, U–Pb age: 599 ± 15 Ma, εNd_(t): −4.8 to −6.8, Nd T_DM ages: 1.48–1.68 Ga, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(t): 0.7062–0.7068, and εHf_(t): −4.3 to −9.7; and Brasilândia pluton, U–Pb age: 581 ± 11 Ma, εNd_(t): −8.2 to −10.2, Nd T_DM ages: 1.63–1.68 Ga, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(t): 0.7088–0.7112, εHf_(t): −12.3 to −14.9), followed by late granodioritic intrusions (e.g., Guarataia pluton, U–Pb age: 576 ± 9 Ma, εNd_(t): −12.52 to −13.11, Nd T_DM age: 1.74–2.06 Ga, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(t): 0.7104–0.7110, εHf_(t): −12.9 to −21.6). The Muriaé batholith (U–Pb age: 620–592 Ma, εNd_(t): −8.2 to −13.6, Nd T_DM age: 1.41–1.88 Ga) and the Conceição da Boa Vista (586 ± 7 Ma) and Serra do Valentim (605 ± 8 Ma) stocks represent a segment of the Rio Doce arc correlated to the Serra da Bolívia and Marceleza complexes, making the link between the Araçuaí and Ribeira orogenic domains. We suggest three phases of arc development: i) eastward migration of arc front (632–605 Ma), ii) widespread magma production in the whole arc (605–585 Ma), and iii) late plutonism in the western arc region (585–575 Ma). Usual processes of volcanic arc development, like subduction of oceanic lithosphere under a continental margin, followed by asthenosphere ascent related to slab retreating and break-off may explain the Rio Doce arc evolution.     

A comparison of MODIS and NOHRSC snow‐cover products for simulating streamflow using the Snowmelt Runoff Model

Remote sensing is an important source of snow‐cover extent for input into the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) and other snowmelt models. Since February 2000, daily global snow‐cover maps have been produced from data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The usefulness of this snow‐cover product for streamflow prediction is assessed by comparing SRM simulated streamflow using the MODIS snow‐cover product with streamflow simulated using snow maps from the National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC). Simulations were conducted for two tributary watersheds of the Upper Rio Grande basin during the 2001 snowmelt season using representative SRM parameter values. Snow depletion curves developed from MODIS and NOHRSC snow maps were generally comparable in both watersheds: satisfactory streamflow simulations were obtained using both snow‐cover products in larger watershed (volume difference: MODIS, 2·6%; NOHRSC, 14·0%) and less satisfactory streamflow simulations in smaller watershed (volume difference: MODIS, −33·1%; NOHRSC, −18·6%). The snow water equivalent (SWE) on 1 April in the third zone of each basin was computed using the modified depletion curve produced by the SRM and was compared with in situ SWE measured at Snowpack Telemetry sites located in the third zone of each basin. The SRM‐calculated SWEs using both snow products agree with the measured SWEs in both watersheds. Based on these results, the MODIS snow‐cover product appears to be of sufficient quality for streamflow prediction using the SRM in the snowmelt‐dominated basins. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室十年建设与创新

回顾了测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室自1989年建室以来10年的历程,重点展示了10年来的研究成果,成果产品化、人才培养与对外开放方面所做的工作。在总结经验的基础上提出了国家重点实验室的发展必须抓好5个方面的工作,对同类实验室建设具有一定的借鉴价值。     

云南龙陵勐糯铅锌矿床中镉元素赋存状况

矿床中镉元素异常明显,以硫镉矿、不规则粒状、脉状充填嵌布于闪锌矿中。提出矿石生成顺序,为进一步找矿提供新依据。     

态矢量--分析地震活动性的一种新方法

态矢量来源于统计物理学，是一种对连续场进行粗粒化描述的方法。现移植到地震学中用以定量地刻画地震活动性的演化，取得较好的结果。作者分析研究了几个著名震例(海城地震、唐山地震、昆仑山口西地震)，发现地震前其态矢量均有显著的变化，因此认为它可能是大地震的一种前兆，而用之于地震预报。     

地质和岩土工程光电传感监测研究进展及趋势第五届OSMG国际论坛综述

第五届地质(岩土)工程光电传感监测国际论坛于2014年10月在南京大学成功举办。本次论坛显示,国内外地质和岩土工程光电传感监测领域的研究工作取得了以下一些进展:(1)光电解调技术不断进步,解调精度、稳定性不断提高,一些新型的技术如微弱FBG拉丝塔技术被开发出来; (2)国内外都研发了大量的适用于地质与岩土工程监测的光纤传感器,基本上覆盖了工程监测领域的各种需求; (3)光电传感器的性能测试和布设工艺成为研究热点; (4)基于光电传感器的健康诊断和监测理论日益成熟; (5)光电传感监测技术的工程应用领域越来越广阔,在边坡工程、隧道工程、采矿工程、基坑工程、道桥工程等领域发挥了越来越重要的作用。未来的研究建议包括以下几个方面:(1)高性价比的分布式光纤传感解调技术的研发; (2)适合于地质、岩土工程分布式监测的光纤传感器的研发; (3)适应恶劣地质环境的分布式光纤传感器布设工艺研究; (4)海量监测数据的实时处理、误差分析和异常识别; (5)海量监测数据传输技术的开发; (6)基于分布式监测的地质灾害预警和岩土工程安全评估理论研究。     

基于自适应非稳态相位校正的时频域多尺度全波形反演

本文提出非稳态相位校正时频域目标函数,通过缩小观测数据与模拟数据在波形相位上的差异来缓解全波形反演过程中对应波形匹配错位的问题（周波跳跃）.同时引入自适应相位校正因子,可以根据观测数据与模拟数据的差异来调整相位校正量的大小.在构建非稳态相位校正时频域全波形反演目标函数的基础上,利用链式法则详细推导了对应的伴随震源,并从理论上证明了该方法的可行性与优越性.数值测试过程中结合了低通滤波多尺度反演策略,进一步缓解全波形反演过程中的强非线性问题.缺失低频分量测试结果表明,利用自适应非稳态相位校正时频域多尺度全波形反演方法结合常规全波形反演方法在缺失7 Hz以下低频分量的地震数据中仍然能够得到高精度的反演结果.震源不准确测试结果表明,即使震源子波相位差异较大,利用非稳态相位校正方法仍然能够一定程度上缓解周波跳跃现象.测试结果综合证明了本文提出的方法在构建初始速度建模,缓解周波跳跃等方面具有一定的优势.

     

Geochemical characterization of heavy metal contaminated area using multivariate factorial kriging

This paper describes a geostatistical method, known as factorial kriging analysis, which is well suited for analyzing multivariate spatial information. The method involves multivariate variogram modeling, principal component analysis, and cokriging. It uses several separate correlation structures, each corresponding to a specific spatial scale, and yields a set of regionalized factors summarizing the main features of the data for each spatial scale. This method is applied to an area of high manganese-ore mining activity in Amapá State, North Brazil. Two scales of spatial variation (0.33 and 2.0 km) are identified and interpreted. The results indicate that, for the short-range structure, manganese, arsenic, iron, and cadmium are associated with human activities due to the mining work, while for the long-range structure, the high aluminum, selenium, copper, and lead concentrations, seem to be related to the natural environment. At each scale, the correlation structure is analyzed, and regionalized factors are estimated by cokriging and then mapped.