A microscopic equation of state for protoneutron stars

We study the structure of protoneutron stars within the finite-temperature Brueckner–Bethe–Goldstone many-body theory. If nucleons, hyperons, and leptons are present in the stellar core, we find that neutrino trapping stiffens considerably the equation of state, because hyperon onsets are shifted to larger baryon density. However, the value of the critical mass turns out to be smaller than the “canonical” value 1.44M _⊙. We find that the inclusion of a hadron-quark phase transition increases the critical mass and stabilizes it at about 1.5–1.6M _⊙.      

Invertebrate traces in pseudo–coprolites from the upper Cretaceous Marília Formation (Bauru Group), Minas Gerais State,Brazil

Pseudo–coprolites are inorganic structures often confused with fossil faeces. The absence of some diagnostic features, such as inclusions, coprofabrics, grain adhesion, and defined shape, suffices to disregard these structures as coprolites. Herein we revise the so–called “coprolites” from the Serra da Galga Member of the Marília Formation (Maastrichtian of Bauru Group, Paraná Basin), at “Ponto 1 do Price” locality near the town of Peirópolis (Uberaba municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil) and conclude that they are, in fact, pseudo–coprolites related to calcretes. These data also agree with the geological setting of “Ponto 1 do Price”, composed mainly of coarse sandstones and conglomerates, in which these pseudo–coprolites were found. In addition, some of these specimens exhibit superficial traces, here described as a new boring ichnospecies, Asthenopodichnium fallax isp. nov., produced by invertebrates in Late Cretaceous fresh–water settings of Brazil.     

Developing a flow-based spatial algorithm to delineate hospital service areas

Hospital service areas (HSAs) capture most of local patient-to-hospital travel flows, and have been accepted as the most basic unit for analyzing local hospital utilization and hospitalization patterns. If a given HSA includes multiple hospitals providing care for its residents, it is complicated to assign responsibility for small-area variation in hospital performance or healthcare costs to specific hospitals without established HSA managers. The goal of this study is to produce HSAs with the fewest number of hospitals within an HSA unit. Only a very limited number of studies are related to the HSA delineation. This study reviews the existing approaches to delineate a broader range of service areas besides HSAs. A spatial algorithm named Travel-to-Hospital Algorithm (TTHA) was developed and implemented using the individual hospital discharge records from the Florida State Inpatient Database for 2011. The final output, named the TTHA-derived HSAs, included 14 more eligible divisions in Florida than the HSAs produced by the traditional approach (92 vs. 78), with the degree of self-containment comparable between the two sets of HSAs. The TTHA provides insight into the patterns of hospital visits and holds great value for the delineation of other types of service and catchment areas.     

Hydro‐climatic variability and trends in Washington State for the last 50 years

Historical records of monthly streamflow and precipitation coupled with mean, minimum, and maximum air temperatures for Washington State were used to study the variation and the trend characteristics that occurred over the last 50 years (1952–2002). Results indicate that the 1967 statewide water resource assessment needs to be updated because all of the stations used in that study exhibited a decreasing trend in annual streamflow ranging from ?0·9% to ?49·3%, with an arithmetic mean of ?11·7% and a median value of ?9·8%. Furthermore, a slightly decreasing trend in annual streamflow, although not statistically significant, was detected. The decreasing streamflow magnitude was about ?1·178 mm year^?2, or 4·88 m³ s^?1 year^?1, which caused a decrease in annual streamflow in the state of about 58·9 mm, or 244 m³ s^?1. This magnitude was about 9·6% of the average annual streamflow for the entire state from 1952 to 2002. Contrastingly, the overall annual precipitation in the entire state increased 1·375 mm year^?2. Overall the annual means of daily mean, maximum, and minimum temperature increased by 0·122, 0·048, and 0·185 °C/10 years, respectively, during the study period. Thus the corresponding annual means of daily mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures increased by 0·61, 0·24, and 0·93 °C, respectively. All of these trends and magnitudes were found to vary considerably from station to station and month to month. The possible reasons resulting in these detected trends include, but are not limited to, human activities, climate variability and changes, and land use and land cover changes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于状态空间法的SMA-复合支座隔震结构分析

研究了SMA(shape memory alloy)绞线-叠层橡胶复合支座的工作原理,将结构控制理论中的结构状态空间法应用到该复合支座隔震结构的数值模拟分析中。建立了普通框架、安装叠层橡胶支座和安装SMA复合支座框架的结构状态方程,应用SIMULINK工具箱建立结构仿真模型,得出不同条件下框架结构的时程反应曲线。通过对比分析可以看出SMA-复合支座能很好地改变结构的隔震效果,应用状态空间法进行SMA-复合支座隔震结构的数值模拟分析简单准确。     

地震模拟振动台参数灵敏度分析

以地震模拟振动台（以下简称振动台）线性模型为基础，应用一阶灵敏度模型分析了振动台三状态反馈控制参数的灵敏度函数及其对系统动态特性的影响，用仿真的方法分析了三状态反馈参数的变化对系统输出特性的影响程度。     

Predicting oil quality from sidewall cores using PFID, TEC, and NIR analytical techniques in sandstone reservoirs, Rio Del Rey Basin, Cameroon

The expense and uncertainty of obtaining fluid samples from MDT tools provide a strong incentive for an alternative method for assessing oil character. Sidewall cores, which are inexpensive and easy to obtain, contain sufficient oil for microanalyses that can provide indications of oil quality (degree of degradation), API gravity, and numerous additional characteristics, including sulfur content, acid number, and viscosity.The present study is concerned with the application of the micro-techniques PFID (pyrolysis-flame ionization detection), TEC (thermal extraction chromatography), and NIR (near infra-red spectroscopy) for the characterization of oil from sidewall cores taken from two exploration wells in the Rio Del Rey Basin of Cameroon in 1993.     

美国华盛顿州港口系统的开发及其对我国的启示

本文在分析70年代以来美国华盛顿州港口系统开发的特征、措施及其效果基础上，总结出华盛顿州港口系统抓住亚太地区经济腾飞的良机，统一规划沿海各港口群区的地位、功能和作用，大力发展集装箱多式联运等经验，均可作为发展我国沿海港口系统的借鉴。     

Status of the Transient Gamma-Ray Spectrometer

The Transient Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (TGRS) was launched aboard the GGS/WIND spacecraft on November 1, 1994. After several deep space orbits (2 yrs) WIND will eventually be injected into a halo orbit around the Sun-EarthL ₁ point. TGRS consists of a 215 cm³ high purityn-type Ge crystal which is kept at cryogenic temperatures by a passive radiative cooler. The energy range covered by the instrument is 25–8000 keV with an energy resolution of 2–3 keV. The primary task of TGRS is to perform high resolution spectroscopy of gamma-ray bursts and solar flares. Additional objectives are the study of transient x-ray pulsars and, using an on-board passive occulter, the long-term monitoring of sources such as the Crab and the Galactic Center. Since launch, TGRS has been performing exceedingly well, and all the important experiment parameters such as background levels, gain, and resolution have proven to be very stable. To date, TGRS has detected 27 GRBs and three solar flares. Preliminary analysis of our data also indicates that TGRS is indeed sensitive to sources such as the Crab and the Galactic Center.     

黄渤海海域污染状况及对生态的影响

本文评述了黄渤海海域污染状况和年变化趋势,以及对生态的影响。