辽东裂谷中的玉石成矿研究

辽东裂谷内的辽河群南带为玉石成矿有利部位,大石桥组三段为主蕴矿层,其层间断裂为主要的布矿和储矿构造.辽河期黑云二长花岗岩及其脉岩与富镁质碳酸盐岩接触部位对成矿最有利.玉石产于中-高温、高压、SiO2不饱和的封闭型地质环境中,为层控型热液交代为主的复合成因矿床.     

物元可拓法在地下水水质评价中的应用

可以从定性、定量两个角度解决问题的物元可拓法已被广泛应用于各个领域,本文对物元可拓法进行了改进,并应用于地下水水质评价,同时采用模糊综合评判方法进行了验证。Piper-三线图显示,研究区地下水主要为HCO3—Na和HCO3—Ca·Na型水,水质本底条件较好。水质评价结果表明,上第三系馆陶组地下水水质显著优于明化镇组,1984~1999年间明化镇组和馆陶组的地下水水质均有变坏趋势,前者趋势较为明显。物元可拓法采用综合关联度与可拓指数判断地下水水质级别,不仅能反映其相对性,也能反映绝对性,可延拓连续的特点使其更有说服力。     

Graben width controlling syn-rift sedimentation: the Palaeogene southern Upper Rhine Graben as an example

Eocene to Early Oligocene syn-rift deposits of the southern Upper Rhine Graben (URG) accumulated in restricted environments. Sedimentation was controlled by local clastic supply from the graben flanks, as well as by strong intra-basinal variations in accommodation space due to differential tectonic subsidence, that in turn led to pronounced lateral variations in depositional environment. Three large-scale cycles of intensified evaporite sedimentation were interrupted by temporary changes towards brackish or freshwater conditions. They form three major base level cycles that can be traced throughout the basin, each of them representing a stratigraphic sub-unit. A relatively constant amount of horizontal extension (ΔL) in the range of 4–5 km has been estimated for the URG from numerous cross-sections. The width of the rift (L _f ), however, varies between 35 and more than 60 km, resulting in a variable crustal stretching factor between the bounding masterfaults. Apart from block tilting, tectonic subsidence was, therefore, largely controlled by changes in the initial rift width (L ₀). The along-strike variations of the graben width are responsible for the development of a deep, trough-like evaporite basin (Potash Basin) in the narrowest part of the southern URG, adjacent to shallow areas in the wider parts of the rift such as the Colmar Swell in the north and the Rhine Bresse Transfer Zone that delimits the URG to the south. Under a constant amount of extension, the along-strike variation in rift width is the principal factor controlling depo-centre development in extensional basins.     

东准噶尔鲍尔羌吉——带热隆伸展构造的厘定

东准噶尔1：25万造山带填图方法研究过程中，在鲍尔羌吉一带发现较为典型的伸展构造，与许志琴等提出的热隆伸展构造有相似之处，其隆升与晚古生代造山后期抬升侵位的花岗岩有关，重熔花岗岩侵位上隆形成“热穹隆”构造，在岩体顶部垂直主应力作用下导致上部地壳伸展减薄，形成以晚古生代花岩为核心的伸展构造。     

正常固结饱和粘性土的不排水强度

本文以有效应力强度理论和Henkel孔隙水压力公式为基础,建立了各种类三轴与平面应变试验条件下正常固结饱和粘土的不排水强度公式及相互关系;初步估计了粘土强度随固结增长的计算公式.     

Faulting in zones of lithospheric extension: Quantitative analysis of natural and experimental data

Quantitative relationships between major fault parameters from geological observations and laboratory experiments are compared. Relationships are established between fault length, number, depth of fault penetration, amplitude of displacement and other characteristics. The width of destruction zones is estimated. Spacing between parallel faults of compatible length is evaluated. It is shown that there is a stable correlation between fault length and number, which is independent from the mode of loading the material under destruction. Destruction of the lithosphere is believed to occur according to the laws of deformation of Maxwell elasto-viscous body.     

SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT IN NANQIN RESERVOIR

In order to preserve the storage capacity of the Nanqin Reservoir for long-term service, several remedial measures have been worked out: (a) measures to control the upstream extension of backwater deposits and to prevent gravel bed load from entering into the reservoir, so that no armour layer will be formed; (b) sediment sluicing by density current to reduce deposits of suspended load; (c) periodical sediment flushing by emptying reservoir to restore the effective storage capacity. In addition, conceptions of flood plain elevation in reservoir, storage volume required in the routing of turbid flow (density flow), the storage capacity that can be restored after being lost by deposition, and the storage volume for sediment regulation are also discussed.     

冀中坳陷古近纪的伸展构造

冀中坳陷的构造格架是新生代的伸展构造系统。该系统以大兴、保定－石家庄拆离滑脱断层为主体,与牛东－河东、马西、宁晋、新河等伸展断层以及徐水－安新变换带和衡水、宝坻－桐柏镇变换断层等组合而成。据平衡剖面和基底沉降曲线分析,冀中坳陷古近纪伸展作用过程持续发育,具幕式特点,以沙三期伸展作用最为强烈。地壳的快速伸展作用与火山活动强度之间缺乏耦合关系。冀中坳陷的动力学成因与伸展背景下的剪切作用有关。     

黑龙江东北部汤原断陷断块体运动特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用

应用构造运动学理论,以地质、地球物理和钻井资料为基础,对汤原断陷基底和各断块体的运动特征进行研究,证实断陷内第Ⅳ块体的基底伸展量最大,第Ⅴ块体的基底伸展量最小;通过对15个块体的实例计算总结出不同构造、不同时期断块体的翘倾运动程度存在很大差异;汤原断陷构造运动控制了油气藏类型.伸展运动和压扭性挤压运动形成构造油气藏,伸展运动早、中期在向斜部位形成岩性油气藏,断块体翘倾运动和抬升剥蚀作用形成地层油气藏.