南华北盆地青白口系—侏罗系层序界面时空分布特征研究

以位于秦岭—大别造山带之北、华北陆块南部、地跨华北陆块稳定块体、陆块南部边缘变形带的南华北盆地为研究对象,通过对研究区42条不同时代的野外剖面详细观测,运用层序地层学理论,把南华北盆地作为一个整体系统,对青白口系—侏罗系层序界面特征及时空分布规律进行了系统分析,共识别出了8种类型层序界面的物质表现形式,分别是不整合面、渣状层、古喀斯特作用面、冲刷侵蚀面、超覆面、岩性岩相转换面、最大海泛面、最大湖泛面。并重点讨论了各类型界面的时空分布特征。结果表明：在时间演化上,从早到晚由海相—海陆过渡相—陆相,层序界面经历了海相沉积不整合、古喀斯特作用面、渣状层到陆相不整合面、冲刷侵蚀面等;在空间上,同一层序界面在不同相带表现形式不同,同一种类型的界面可在不同相带出现,但不同相带表现特征有一定差异性。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部延安组叠锥沉积特征与古环境意义

通过野外露头实测、手标本观察、光薄片观察、X光衍射分析、电子扫描等方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地东北部延安组第Ⅱ成因地层单元中的叠锥各方面的特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,叠锥整体呈结核状产出于暗色泥质岩中,泥质岩中发现丰富的20μm左右的炭化微生物化石,反映相对还原的沉积成岩环境。叠锥内部常可分为3层,中层为块状灰岩,上、下层由大小不等的、同轴或错落叠置的直圆锥组成。叠锥内部主要为纤维状方解石呈锥形套叠,纵切面上可见明显的"V"字型或"W"字型纹层,横切面上可见大小不等的同心圆状构造。上、下层位叠锥的锥顶均朝上,反映出类似叠层石的生长特征。综合分析认为,叠锥可能是由微生物和沉积作用联合作用形成的一种特殊的生物沉积构造;并推断出鄂尔多斯盆地东北部延安组第Ⅱ成因地层单元中的叠锥发育于由河流向湖泊过渡的浅水、沉积速率较低的环境中。     

Ordovician Carbonate Reservoir Bed Characteristics and ReservoirForming Conditions in the Lungudong Region of the Tarim Basin

<正>Basic characteristics of Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds in the Lungudong region of northeastern part of the Tarim Basin are described in detail and the reservoir-forming conditions of oil and gas are preliminarily discussed in this paper by collecting and sorting out a large amount of data.The carbonate reservoir beds are mainly developed in open-platform and platform marginal facies;the reservoir beds have large changes in and low average values of physical property;the main type is fractured reservoir beds with the fracture-porous type second.The reservoir bed development is chiefly controlled by the distribution of sedimentary facies,tectonic activity and karstification. Whereas the accumulation and distribution of hydrocarbons in the region are controlled by an advantageous structural location,a good reservoir-caprock combination and a favorable transporting system,with the distribution characterized by zones horizontally and belts vertically,the oil and gas are mainly concentrated in areas with structural uplift,densely developed fractures,and surface karst,a vertical vadose zone,and a horizontal undercurrent belt of palaeokarst.     

沉积特征对砂岩型铀成矿类型的制约——以松辽盆地南部姚家组为例

不同沉积体系砂体的特征不同,在后生铀成矿过程中所起的作用也不同。通过对松辽盆地南部姚家组地层沉积特征的研究,提出沉积特征对铀成矿类型有制约作用;上白垩统姚家组沉积体系以冲积平原、辫状河、三角洲和湖泊等为主,形成了稳定的泥-砂-泥地层结构,受沉积体系的控制,该区砂体厚度稳定、分布范围广,是松辽盆地南部寻找层间氧化带型铀矿的找矿有利目的层。     

内蒙古石拐盆地召沟组植物群及地质时代

经研究石拐盆地中侏罗统召沟组植物群由18属31种组成,分属于真蕨类、苏铁类、银杏类、茨康类和松柏类。其组成特征表明,该植物群属于中国北方温带植物地理区Coniopteris--Phoenicopsis植物群晚期组合,时代为中侏罗世早期。     

松辽盆地十屋油田营城组油气分布

应用试油与压裂测试分析法、流体组成成份分析法、生产动态分析法和物质平衡分析法对十屋油田营城组营Ⅰ、营Ⅱ、营Ⅲ和营Ⅴ油层组的油气分布进行了精细研究。结果表明, 气层发育在十屋逆断层的北部地区, 分布在八屋断裂的两侧; 营Ⅰ和营Ⅱ油层发育在十屋逆断层北部D3和B7井区; 营Ⅲ和营Ⅴ油层发育于十屋油田东部, 十屋逆断层两侧的A24、A25、A16及A11井区; 油气同层只在南部和北部的少数井区分布。     

甘肃兰州盆地渐新世古气候参数重建

本文对甘肃兰州盆地渐新统韩家井组的9科11属20种植物化石进行了共存分析,重建了该地区渐新世古气候各参数:年均温(MAT)为-1.4℃～10.9℃,最热月均温(MWT)为9.6℃～27.3℃,最冷月均温(CMT)为-4.4℃～-12.5℃,年较差(DT)为28.0℃～29.8℃,年均降水量(MAP)为315.7～492.2mm,平均最大月降水量(MMaP)为70.5～93.5mm,平均最小月降水量(MMiP)为0.4～11.1mm。分析表明相对于当前气候来说,兰州盆地在渐新世时接近现今甘肃武山地区气候特征,降水量多,气候更加湿润。     

松辽盆地南部泉头组砂岩型铀矿成矿条件分析

通过对松辽盆地南部泉头组砂岩型铀成矿条件分析认为: 泉头组半干旱的亚热带古气候对成矿有利。河流相和三角洲相沉积具有形成厚大砂体的条件。砂体较为发育, 单层砂体厚度可达42 m。虽砂体中有机质含量较低, 但泉头组下部含煤层中的烃类可通过断裂构造及不整合面上升进入砂体, 弥补还原剂的不足。工业铀矿孔的发现反映出泉头组有铀的大规模富集。总之, 泉头组是松辽盆地南部一个重要的找矿目的层, 找矿意义重大。     

Modelling tidal current‐induced bed shear stress and palaeocirculation in an epicontinental seaway: the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin,Central Europe

Lower to Middle Turonian deposits within the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (Central Europe) consist of coarse‐grained deltaic sandstones passing distally into fine‐grained offshore sediments. Dune‐scale cross‐beds superimposed on delta‐front clinoforms indicate a vigorous basinal palaeocirculation capable of transporting coarse‐grained sand across the entire depth range of the clinoforms (ca 35 m). Bi‐directional, alongshore‐oriented, trough cross‐set axes, silt drapes and reactivation surfaces indicate tidal activity. However, the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin at this time was over a thousand kilometres from the shelf break and separated from the open ocean by a series of small islands. The presence of tidally‐influenced deposits in a setting where co‐oscillating tides are likely to have been damped down by seabed friction and blocked by emergent land masses is problematic. The Imperial College Ocean Model, a fully hydrodynamic, unstructured mesh finite element model, is used to test the hypothesis that tidal circulation in this isolated region was capable of generating the observed grain‐size distributions, bedform types and palaeocurrent orientations. The model is first validated for the prediction of bed shear stress magnitudes and sediment transport pathways against the present‐day North European shelf seas that surround the British Isles. The model predicts a microtidal to mesotidal regime for the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin across a range of sensitivity tests with elevated tidal ranges in local embayments. Funnelling associated with straits increases tidal current velocities, generating bed shear stresses that were capable of forming the sedimentary structures observed in the field. The model also predicts instantaneous bi‐directional currents with orientations comparable with those measured in the field. Overall, the Imperial College Ocean Model predicts a vigorous tide‐driven palaeocirculation within the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin that would indisputably have influenced sediment dispersal and facies distributions. Palaeocurrent vectors and sediment transport pathways however vary markedly in the different sensitivity tests. Accurate modelling of these parameters, in this instance, requires greater palaeogeographic certainty than can be extracted from the available rock record.     

Late Ordovician climbing‐dune cross‐stratification: a signature of outburst floods in proglacial outwash environments?

Climbing dune‐scale cross‐statification is described from Late Ordovician paraglacial successions of the Murzuq Basin (SW Libya). This depositional facies is comprised of medium‐grained to coarse‐grained sandstones that typically involve 0·3 to 1 m high, 3 to 5 m in wavelength, asymmetrical laminations. Most often stoss‐depositional structures have been generated, with preservation of the topographies of formative bedforms. Climbing‐dune cross‐stratification related to the migration of lower‐flow regime dune trains is thus identified. Related architecture and facies sequences are described from two case studies: (i) erosion‐based sandstone sheets; and (ii) a deeply incised channel. The former characterized the distal outwash plain and the fluvial/subaqueous transition of related deltaic wedges, while the latter formed in an ice‐proximal segment of the outwash plain. In erosion‐based sand sheets, climbing‐dune cross‐stratification results from unconfined mouth‐bar deposition related to expanding, sediment‐laden flows entering a water body. Within incised channels, climbing‐dune cross‐stratification formed over eddy‐related side bars reflecting deposition under recirculating flow conditions generated at channel bends. Associated facies sequences record glacier outburst floods that occurred during early stages of deglaciation and were temporally and spatially linked with subglacial drainage events involving tunnel valleys. The primary control on the formation of climbing‐dune cross‐stratification is a combination between high‐magnitude flows and sediment supply limitations, which lead to the generation of sediment‐charged stream flows characterized by a significant, relatively coarse‐grained, sand‐sized suspension‐load concentration, with a virtual absence of very coarse to gravelly bedload. The high rate of coarse‐grained sand fallout in sediment‐laden flows following flow expansion throughout mouth bars or in eddy‐related side bars resulted in high rates of transfer of sands from suspension to the bed, net deposition on bedform stoss‐sides and generation of widespread climbing‐dune cross‐stratification. The later structure has no equivalent in the glacial record, either in the ancient or in the Quaternary literature, but analogues are recognized in some flood‐dominated depositional systems of foreland basins.