江西冷水坑斑岩类型及其矿化特征

冷水坑斑岩杂岩体中产有Ag~-多金属矿床。该杂岩体可以划分出6种斑岩岩石和3种火山岩岩石。根据这些岩石的主化学成分、微量和稀土元素特点,该杂岩体具有S-型的特征。矿化作用具有斑岩型的特征:矿化发生在岩体内,为浸染和细脉浸染状,矿化作用和蚀变作用为渐变的环带状分布。矿床形成在中高温和高盐度的热液条件下。     

试论斑岩铀矿成矿系列

本为作多年来在火山岩型铀矿领域的工作总结。章详细论述了斑岩铀矿成矿系列的特征，认为大部分火山岩型铀矿床的形成与火山活动晚期、最晚阶段的岩有着密切的关系。这些斑岩主要是花岗斑岩、霏细斑岩、石英斑岩。     

准噶尔盆地陆梁地区基底火山岩的岩石地球化学及其构造环境

准噶尔盆地腹地陆梁起基底火山岩岩性为富钠玄武岩及流纹岩，总体显示出板内双峰火山岩特点。玄武岩的特征是：岩石的五晶和基质中普遍出现橄榄石；辉石为普通辉石；斑晶和基质中的长石为偏酸性的斜长石（平均牌号为30－50）；全岩化学成分CIPW计算结果表明，绝大部分含有Ne（2．8％－4．6％），均含有O1（19．3％－10．1％）和Di（0．2％－24．6％），标准矿物分子组合为Ne＋O1＋Di＋An；在全碱－SiO2图上玄武岩投影于碱性区；Mg^#＜65；REE总量为110．29－158．06μg/g。（La/Y）N变化范围为3．10－4．51。δEu变化于0．93－1．04；弱武岩的微量元素标准化图解为LILE相对于LREE适度富集，Nb,Ta相对于LREE和LILE亏损。Ni,Cr含量略低于原始岩浆的参考值；以上特征表明，弱武岩总体上属于碱性橄榄玄武岩；玄武岩具有较同正的εNd(t)和低的^87Sr/^86Sr，而流纹岩则具有较低的εNd(t)和较高的^87Sr/^86Sr，反映它们的同源性和遭受陆壳物质同化混染程度的不同。同位素Rb-Sr等时线年龄和单颗粒锆石蒸发年龄集中在323－395Ma。以上特点表明，陆梁玄武岩来自于亏损的地幔源区，并经历了一定程度的分异作用和陆壳物质的混染作用，其形成于板内环境，与泥盆纪－石灰纪区域伸展作用有关，因此，陆梁隆起带基底很可能是一个大陆裂谷带。     

论斑岩铜矿的成因

较系统地论述了国内外学者对斑岩铜矿成因的不同学术观点 ,包括“岩浆热液说”(岩浆结晶分异说 )、“板块构造成矿说”(含Cu洋壳重熔说 )、“活动转移说”及“变岩浆成矿说” ;分别对它们的立论依据及不足之处进行了较详细的分析 ,并根据作者对斑岩铜矿的时空分布、物质组分、结构构造及矿物中各种包裹体等特征的深入研究 ,提出斑岩铜矿主要是由深源 (地幔或下地壳 )富碱 (K、Na)、硅的热流体 (或与地壳岩石中的裂隙水、地下水混合 )交代或局部熔融上部地壳含Cu岩石而成     

岩浆流体在热液矿床形成中的作用

岩浆流体在浅部分离为岩浆卤水和蒸汽相 ,CO2 、SO2 的加入将增加不混溶区间。Ag ,Zn ,Pb ,Sn等在高盐度卤水中呈氯化络合物的形式搬运 ,Cu、Au呈I价态的二硫化络合物的形式在富硫的蒸汽相中搬运。岩浆流体与大气水混合的稀释和热效应 ,是导致Sn元素沉淀的主要机制 ,流体混合需要长期稳定的抽送系统 :( 1)对流体界面混合 ;( 2 )两组裂隙处相遇混合。斑岩Cu矿床早期以岩浆流体为主导 ,晚期大气水普遍存在。反应性强、富含金属的岩浆流体从侵入体往外运移并且与主岩反应 ,形成带状分布的蚀变矿物组合。高硫化浅成热液矿床的早期以流体对主岩的广泛淋滤为特征 ,流体呈酸性和氧化性。密度差使得低盐度液体与深处高盐度卤水在空间上分离。低硫化浅成热液矿床的成矿流体呈低盐度、中性pH值和处于还原性、静水压力条件 ,流体沸腾是成矿卸载的主要机制。富Au型矿床与低盐度富气相流体有关 ,富Ag型矿床与较高盐度的流体有关。在热液系统的寿命中 ,导致矿化的流体活动仅在短暂的时期内存在。热液系统之间在岩浆标志上的变异是由于岩浆流体的间歇性贡献或缺失造成的。     

Oxygen and Carbon Isotope Study of Calcite and Dolomite in the Disseminated Au-Ag Telluride Bulawan Deposit, Negros Island, Philippines

Abstract: The disseminated Au‐Ag telluride Bulawan deposit, Negros island, Philippines, is hosted by dacite porphyry breccia pipes which formed in a Middle Miocene dacite porphyry stock. Electrum and Au‐Ag tellurides occur mostly as grains intergrown with or filling voids between sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and tennantite. Calcite, quartz and rare dolomite are the principal gangue minerals. Four types of alteration were recognized in the deposit, namely; propylitic, K‐feldspar‐sericitic, sericitic and carbonate alteration. Carbonate alteration is correlatable to the gold deposition stage and occurs mostly along fault zones. The δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C compositions of calcite and dolomite in propylite zone and ore‐stage dacite porphyry breccia were determined. The δ¹⁸O values of calcite in propylitized andesite range from +12.2 to +14.7%, and their δ¹³C values range from ‐6.1 to ‐1.0%. The δ¹⁸O values of calcite and dolomite in sericite‐ and carbonate‐altered, mineralized dacite porphyry breccia and dacite porphyry rocks range from +15.1 to +23.1%, and the δ¹³C values of calcite and dolomite range from ‐3.9 to +0.9%. The δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values of the hydrothermal fluids were estimated from inferred temperatures of formation on the basis of fluid inclusion microthermometry. The δ¹⁸O values of hydrothermal fluid for the propylitic alteration were calculated to be +8.5 ‐ +9.5%, assuming 375°C. On the other hand, the δ¹⁸O values of ore solutions for base metal and Au mineralization were computed to be +13.6 ‐ +14.6%, assuming 270°C. The hydrothermal fluids that formed the Bulawan deposit are dilute and ¹⁸O‐enriched fluids which reacted with ¹⁸O‐ and ¹³C‐rich wallrocks such as limestone.     

In situ formation of welded tuff-like textures in the carapace of a voluminous silicic lava flow,Owyhee County,SW Idaho

 The Badlands rhyolite, on the Owyhee Plateau of southwestern Idaho, can be demonstrated to be a large lava flow on the basis of its geometry of large and small flow lobes, its well-exposed near-vent features, and its response to pre-existing topography. However, samples of the dense upper vitrophyre of the unit reveal a range of annealed fragmental textures, including material which closely resembles the compressed, welded glass shards which are characteristic of ignimbrites. Formation of these tuff-like textures involved processes probably common to emplacement of most silicic lava flow units. Decompression upon extrusion causes inflation of pumice at the surface of the lava flow; some of this pumice is subsequently comminuted, producing loose bubble-wall shards, bits of pumice, chips of dense glass, and fragments of phenocrysts. This debris sifts down around loose blocks and into open fractures deeper in the flow, where it can be reheated, compressed, and annealed to varying degrees. The end result is a dense vitrophyre layer (beneath the true upper, non-welded carapace breccia) which can be extremely texturally heterogeneous, with areas of flow-foliated lava occurring very near lava which in many aspects looks like welded ignimbrite, complete with flattened pumices. Identical textures in other silicic units have been cited by previous workers as evidence that those units erupted as pyroclastic flows which then underwent sufficient rheomorphism to create a flow-foliated rock which otherwise appears to be lava. The textures described herein indicate that lava flows can come to mimic rheomorphic ignimbrites, at least at scales ranging from thin sections to outcrops. Voluminous silicic units with scattered fragmental textures, but with otherwise lava-like features, are probably true effusive lava flows. Received: January 30, 1995 / Accepted: January 22, 1996     

我国浅成热液金矿的分类探讨

陆相浅成热液金矿是个大概念,是数类金矿的统称。目前对其的分类,不适应理论和应用研究的需要。本文主张以成矿地球动力学环境和矿床本质特征为准则,实施浅成热液金矿的分类。对类型的划分努力体现成因类型和工业类型相结合的原则,并充分反映我国的特点。在矿床类型具体命名时,突出成矿时的浅成深度。文中将我国浅成热液金矿分为浅成脉型、浅成斑岩型和浅成矽卡岩型等三大类八个亚类。陆相浅成热液金矿在我国有广阔的找矿前景,而且在地质产状和成矿作用等方面与国外的殊为不同,值得对其作深入的理论与应用研究。     

Adakite-like signature of Late Miocene intrusions at the Los Pelambres giant porphyry copper deposit in the Andes of central Chile: metallogenic implications

Adakite-like features are recognized in the Late Miocene (~10 Ma) porphyritic intrusions of the Los Pelambres giant porphyry copper deposit, central Chile (32°S). Located within the southern portion of the flat-slab segment (28–33°S) of the Chilean Andes, the Al- and Na-rich porphyries of Los Pelambres display distinctly higher Sr/Y (~100–300) and La_N/Yb_N (~25–60) ratios than contemporaneous and barren magmatic units (e.g., La Gloria pluton, Cerro Aconcagua volcanic rocks) of the same Andean magmatic belt. Strong fractionation of heavy rare earth elements (HREE), absence of Eu anomalies, high Sr/Y and Zr/Sm and low Nb/Ta ratios suggest melt extraction from a garnet-amphibolite source. The Late-Miocene adakite-like porphyritic intrusions at Los Pelambres formed closely related in time and space to the subduction of the Juan Fernández Ridge (JFR) hotspot chain along the Chilean margin. Current tectonic reconstructions reveal that, at the time of formation of the Los Pelambres rocks, a W-E segment of the JFR started to subduct beneath them, producing a slow-down of a previously rapid southward migration of a NE-ridge—trench collision. These particular tectonic conditions are favorable for the origin of the Los Pelambres porphyry suite by melting of subducting young hotspot rocks under flat-slab conditions. The incorporation of crustal components into the oceanic lithopheric magma source by subduction erosion is evidenced by the Sr-Nd isotope composition of the Los Pelambres rocks different from the MORB signatures of true adakites. A close relationship apparently exists between the origin of this adakite-like magmatism and the source of the mineralization in the Los Pelambres porphyry copper deposit.Editorial handling: R.J. Goldfarb     

广西大瑶山古里脑和龙头山金矿岩浆期后断裂成矿作用及找矿意义

通过对大瑶山区古里脑和龙头山金矿床地层、岩浆岩含矿性的分析,并进行断裂构造作用多期性的分析和岩浆期后断裂成矿作用的讨论,认为该区深部地层和岩体中的金元素在次火山—斑岩期后断裂构造热液的作用下逐步向上叠加、富集成矿;矿体与岩浆岩体在空间上具有密切的关系;构造-热液作用导致次火山岩、斑岩体或周围地层产生破碎,并使成矿热液沿裂隙充填和再充填而形成金矿体,区内凡构成工业富集的富矿体和含金石英脉或破碎带都与多期次活动的构造-热液作用有关。因此,多期活动的构造-热液作用在大瑶山区具有非常重要的找矿意义。