Construction of a muscle cDNA library of Chinese shrimp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fenneropenaeus chinensis</Emphasis> and sequence analysis of the troponin I gene

A muscle cDNA library of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) was constructed with the SMART™ cDNA Library Construction Kit. The titer of optimal primary library was 7.7×10⁵ pfu mL⁻¹ and that of the amplified library was 3.0×10⁹ pfu mL⁻¹. The percentages of the recombinant clones of primary and amplified libraries were over 98%. The insert sizes were longer than 400 bp with an average of 1000 bp. A positive clone containing a 794 bp insert was sequenced and identified encoding fast skeletal troponin I gene. This library provided a useful resource for the functional genomic research of F. chinensis.     

Variations of ion-transport enzyme activities during early development of the shrimps <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fenneropenaeus chinensis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Marsupenaeus japonicus</Emphasis>

The ion-transport enzyme activities were studied in the nauplii 1–2, zoea 1–3, mysis 1–3, and postlarva 1–7 of the shrimps Marsupenaeus japonicus and Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The results showed that total ATPase, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, and V-ATPase (V-type H⁺-ATPase) activities increased during the early development for both the species, from zero in nauplii to stable levels after zoea stage. The enzyme activities of the latter species were significantly higher than those of the former species after zoea stage (F>F _0.05). The contributions of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, V-ATPase and HCO₃ ⁻-ATPase to the total ATPase activity of the two species varied in different developmental stages and accounted for 40%–70%, 22%–46% and 2%–13% in M. japonicus from zoea to postlarva stage, whilst the shares of them were 42%–69%, 28%–44% and 2.5%–22%, respectively in F.chinensis. These findings suggest the possible culture of the two species with varying water quality, especially the salinity and pH.     

Construction of a Muscle cDNA Library of Chinese Shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis and Sequence Analysis of the Troponin Ⅰ Gene

A muscle cDNA library of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) was constructed with the SMARTTM cDNA Li- brary Construction Kit. The titer of optimal primary library was 7.7×105 pfu mL-1 and that of the amplified library was 3.0×109 pfu mL-1. The percentages of the recombinant clones of primary and amplified libraries were over 98%. The insert sizes were longer than 400 bp with an average of 1000 bp. A positive clone containing a 794 bp insert was sequenced and identified encoding fast skeletal troponin Ⅰ gene. This library provided a useful resource for the functional genomic research ofE chinensis.     

中国对虾血清中酚氧化酶活力研究

１９９５年７－９月,以养殖中国对虾为材料,实验室用弧菌菌悬液注射感染对虾,血甭中测得一定量的酚氧化酶（ＰＯ）。正常状态下对虾血清中ＰＯ活力变化不大,而濒死对虾血清中ＰＯ活力变化较大。较低浓度的菌悬液能有效地提高ＰＯ活力,促使有机体对病原体的防御能力,这在实践中有重要意义。     

利用WSBV的引物扩增中国对虾的杆状病毒DNA

利用台湾报道的ＷＳＢＶ的ＰＣＲ引物,成功地扩增出了１４００ｂｐ左右的中国对虾的杆状病毒的ＤＮＡ片段,与预计的产物长度吻合。该引物对经初步离心处理的病虾组织也能扩增出特异性ＤＮＡ条带,而对正常虾组织ＤＮＡ、昆虫杆状病毒（ＡｃＭＮＰＶ）ＤＮＡ进行扩增,均获得阴性结果。说明该引物的特异性较高,对中国对虾的杆状病毒的检测具有一定的实际应用价值。实验结果同时说明ＷＳＢＶ与中国对虾的杆状病毒有同源序列存在,具有一定的保守性;用该引物进行的ＰＣＲ扩增为中国对虾的杆状病毒与其他相关病毒的比较研究提供了一种技术手段。     

摄食对中国对虾能量代谢影响的初步研究

于 1996年 5～ 6月在水温 2 5℃时测定了两种规格中国对虾 ( Penaeus chinensis)摄食沙蚕和配合饲料后的耗养率和氨排泄率。小规格中国对虾摄食配饵的代谢率略高于摄食沙蚕 ,而大规格组中摄食沙蚕的代谢率大于摄食配饵组。小规格中国对虾摄食配饵和沙蚕的代谢能比未摄食组提高了 33.2 2 %和 2 7.4 0 %;大规格中国对虾摄食配饵和沙蚕的代谢能比未摄食组提高了 34 .78%和 4 0 .0 5%。中国对虾摄食后的氨排泄率明显增加 ,表明蛋白质在摄食代谢中具有重要作用。     

中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)糠虾肌肉组织中球形病毒的超微结构研究

本文用电镜技术对中国对虾糠虾肌组织进行病毒检测,在平滑肌和横纹肌组织中均检出一种球形病毒粒子,直径为80－100nm,具有核包涵体;平滑肌组织中,病毒粒于存在于肌纤维和核膜中,核内具有不规则形态病毒包涵体;横纹肌组织中,病毒粒子存在于肌浆网和肌浆中。病变肌组织中,肌纤维变形,肌浆网膨胀,核膜水肿。     

蜕皮与中国对虾仔虾肠道杆菌病及肠道堵塞的关系

于１９９６年５月,在青岛市红岛镇后阳育苗场,采用饲养实验的方法对患肠道疾病的中国对虾仔虾的康复进行观察研究。结果表明,中国对虾仔虾的某些肠道疾病的康复与蜕 存在极为密切的关系。肠道杆菌病对虾状幼体和糠虾幼体危害极大,患病个体死亡率为１００％,而患病率的仔虾幼体较高的存活率（３２％）,存活者多数为病症出现时已处蜕皮前期的个体,而在蜕皮间期开始患病的个体极少能发育至蜕皮变态。肠道堵塞是仔虾期纪体的幼体     

中国对虾复合疫苗的初步研究

于１９９６年１１月－１９９７年５月,运用差异离心,蔗糖梯度离心、柱层析等方法从发病中国对虾分离出杆状病毒并纯化;分别用冷乙酸处理法、十二烷基硫酸钠－苯酚法提取纯化该病毒的结构蛋白与核酸、λＤＮＡ;分别用十二烷基硫酸钠煮沸法、三氯乙酸法纯化孤菌的肽菊聚糖和鸡卵粘蛋白;配制出小牛血清白蛋白、蜗牛凝集素两溶液。然后从超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活力和溶菌活力两种免疫指标分析灭活病毒和以上提取、纯化的７种大分     

中国对虾养成期病害的细菌学分析

随着中国对虾养殖业的发展,中国对虾疾病的发生越来越频繁,危害性越来越严重,对虾病原菌的发现也越来越多,如副溶血弧菌、溶藻胶弧菌、坎贝氏弧菌、鳗弧菌、非O-1群霍乱弧菌、普通变形菌、雷氏普罗威登斯菌、气单胞菌、丝状细菌等[1~9].