YARLUNG ZANGBO OPHIOLITES,SOUTHERN TIBET REVISITED

YARLUNG ZANGBO OPHIOLITES,SOUTHERN TIBET REVISITED     

中国大陆及邻区岩石圈三维流变结构

依据地震波速得到的上地幔温度和气象台站记录的地表温度为约束,结合地表热流和热导率观测数据,利用有限元方法计算了中国大陆及邻区岩石圈三维热结构.基于此温度结果和GPS观测得到的应变率数据,以滑动摩擦、脆性破裂和蠕变三种强度机制为约束,计算得到了中国大陆及邻区岩石圈三维流变结构.结果显示:弱强度和低等效黏滞性系数的下地壳在中国大陆及邻区普遍存在,并且下地壳的流变强度和等效黏滞性系数比上地壳和岩石圈地幔一般要低1~2个数量级;中国大陆范围内青藏高原存在着厚度最大、强度最低的下地壳;青藏高原的岩石圈强度和等效黏滞性系数比华北、华南和印度板块的都要低;岩石圈流变结构的横向分布特征与重力梯度带和地形过渡带比较一致.     

A laboratory study of rheological properties of mudflows in Hangzhou Bay,China

A laboratory study of the rheology of mudflows in Hangzhou Bay, China, is reported in this paper. Both the steady and oscillatory （dynamic） rheological properties are studied using RMS-605 rheometer. A Dual-Bingham model is proposed for analyzing flow curves and compared with Worrall-Tuliani model. It is found that Dual-Bingham plastic rheological model is easier to implement than Worrall-Tuliani model and can provide satisfactory representations of the steady mudflows in Hangzhou Bay and other published data. The dependence of the yield stress and viscosity on sediment concentration is discussed based on the data from Hangzhou Bay mud and other published data. For the dynamic rheologieal properties of Hangzhou Bay mud, empirical expressions for elastic modulus and dynamic viscosity are provided in the form of exponential functions of sediment volume concentration, and comparisons with other published data also discussed.     

汶川地震区的流变结构与发震高角度逆断层滑动的力学条件

本文利用龙门山地区的地质、地球物理剖面、弹性波速和流变实验数据等,建立了汶川地震相关构造单元的地壳流变结构.川西高原和龙门山构造带的地壳流变结构中存在多个塑性流变层,而四川盆地地壳基本没有出现塑性流变层,这种复杂的流变结构是汶川地震孕育和发生的基础.岩石破裂-黏滑-摩擦实验表明,以二长花岗岩为代表的震源区岩石具有很高的破裂强度和摩擦强度,能够承受极大的差应力和积累巨大的能量,这是高角度逆断层能够滑动和汶川地震强度大的原因之一.高流体压力是高角度逆断层滑动和触发汶川地震的另一个必要条件,而龙门山断层带内可能存在这种比较高的流体压力.     

Field observations of the June 30, 2001 debris flow at Acquabona (Dolomites, Italy)

On June 30, 2001, a debris flow occurred in the Acquabona Creek, a small catchment of the Eastern Dolomites, Italy. This debris flow originated shortly after an intense rainstorm, characterised by a peak intensity of 8.6 mm per 10 min; it transported a total volume of 30,000 m³, consisting of poorly sorted gravely sand with boulders up to 3 m in diameter. The sediment erosion yield rate reached as high as 20 m³/m. In order to verify the accuracy of the field measurements, the total volume of debris deposits have was calculated using three different topographic measurement techniques: 3D laser scanning, terrestrial stereo-photogrammetry survey and total topographic station survey. Data collected so far show that no debris flow has occurred at Acquabona with a rainfall intensity lower than 4.6 mm per 10 min. Channel cross section measurements indicate that debris flow velocity ranges from 2.0 to 7.2 m/s along the lower flow channel and peak discharge ranges between 22 and 300 m³/s. Field estimates of the rheological properties indicate a yield strength ranging from 2,088 to 5,313 Pa and Bingham viscosity between 70 and 337 Pa · s. It is not still possible to identify a rainfall intensity and amount threshold for debris flow triggering, but the data so far collected emphasise that debris flows do not occur with a rainfall intensity lower than 4.6 mm per 10 min.     

Characteristics and Origin of Yacheng Gas Field in Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＹｉｎｇｇｅｈａｉａｎｄＱｉｏｎｇｄｏｎｇｎａｎｂａｓｉｎｓａｒｅｔｗｏｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｕｒｍａｊｏｒＴｅｒｔｉａｒｙｂａｓｉｎｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎ－ｔａｌｓｈｅｌｆｏｆｔｈｅＳｏ...     

The Role of Heterogeneities as a Tuning Parameter of Earthquake Dynamics

We investigate the influence of spatial heterogeneities on various aspects of brittle failure and seismicity in a model of a large strike-slip fault. The model dynamics is governed by realistic boundary conditions consisting of constant velocity motion of regions around the fault, static/kinetic friction laws, creep with depth-dependent coefficients, and 3-D elastic stress transfer. The dynamic rupture is approximated on a continuous time scale using a finite stress propagation velocity (quasidynamic model). The model produces a brittle-ductile transition at a depth of about 12.5 km, realistic hypocenter distributions, and other features of seismicity compatible with observations. Previous work suggested that the range of size scales in the distribution of strength-stress heterogeneities acts as a tuning parameter of the dynamics. Here we test this hypothesis by performing a systematic parameter-space study with different forms of heterogeneities. In particular, we analyze spatial heterogeneities that can be tuned by a single parameter in two distributions: (1) high stress drop barriers in near-vertical directions and (2) spatial heterogeneities with fractal properties and variable fractal dimension. The results indicate that the first form of heterogeneities provides an effective means of tuning the behavior while the second does not. In relatively homogeneous cases, the fault self-organizes to large-scale patches and big events are associated with inward failure of individual patches and sequential failures of different patches. The frequency-size event statistics in such cases are compatible with the characteristic earthquake distribution and large events are quasi-periodic in time. In strongly heterogeneous or near-critical cases, the rupture histories are highly discontinuous and consist of complex migration patterns of slip on the fault. In such cases, the frequency-size and temporal statistics follow approximately power-law relations.on leave from CNRS Rennes, France     

钻井液流变模型的优选

选择合适的工程浆液流变模型是现场生产中很重要的技术问题。基于最小二乘法原理利用Visual C＋＋高级语言编制程序对试验数据进行拟合,可求得实测浆液的常用流变参数值,绘制各常用流变模式与实际流型的曲线,从而优选出最合适的流变模式。     

龙门山造山带及邻区重力场特征与动力学响应数值模拟

龙门山造山带重力场研究表明它处于不均衡的状态,为此,构建了横贯松潘-甘孜块体、龙门山造山带和四川盆地的二维剖面的数值模型,采用黏弹性模型对重力场响应对研究区构造演化过程及动力学效应进行探讨.研究结果表明:(1)重力均衡调整导致了深部物质的垂向复杂动力学响应.在印度板块碰撞挤压效应与青藏高原东缘重力势能差的共同作用下,使得高原东缘深部物质在龙门山深处向东运移时潜入地幔,构成了青藏高原物质向东运移的另一种补偿方式;(2)流变结构及应变能的计算结果表明,龙门山上、中地壳层能量集中危险度较高的地段与汶川大震的孕震及发震方式基本一致,龙门山两侧介质属性、构造格局和流变属性的差异对汶川大地震的孕育和发生均起到了重要作用;(3)进一步开展由包含地表剥蚀的重力均衡调整效应与挤压缩短共同作用下的动力学模型,可以为合理地解释龙门山及周缘地带动力学响应提供重要的参考依据.