The Caulerpa racemosa invasion: a critical review

Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea is a marine Chlorophyta introduced into the Mediterranean Sea from south-western Australia. Since 1990, it has been invading the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands, raising ecological problems. Although this invasion event can be considered as one of the most serious in the history of species introduced into the Mediterranean Sea, C. racemosa has not triggered as much attention as the famous "killer alga"Caulerpa taxifolia. The aim of the present study was: (i) to summarize the current state of knowledge with regard to the distribution, the various biological and ecological characteristics of the introduced C. racemosa and its impact on the Mediterranean coastal environment; (ii) to discuss the various hypotheses regarding the explanation for its rapid and successful spread; (iii) to investigate the disparity in the treatment of C. racemosa and Caulerpa taxifolia invasions; and (iv) to outline future research needs.     

Interphase mass transfer between fluids in subsurface formations: A review

This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art on interphase mass transfer between immiscible fluids in porous media with focus on the factors that have significant influence on this process. In total close to 300 papers were reviewed focusing to a large extent on the literature relating to NAPL contamination of the subsurface. The large body of work available on this topic was organized according to the length scale of the conducted studies, namely the pore, meso and field scales. The interrelation of interphase mass transfer at these different scales is highlighted. To gain further insight into interphase mass transfer, published studies were discussed and evaluated in terms of the governing flow configurations defined in terms of the wettability and mobility of the different phases. Such organization of the existing literature enables the identification of the interfacial domains that would have significant impact on interphase mass transfer. Available modeling approaches at the various length scales are discussed with regard to current knowledge on the physics of this process. Future research directions are also suggested.     

南美主要国家矿业投资环境综合评述

本文主要从政治、经济、基础设施、法律、社会文化5个方面对南美主要矿业国家的矿业投资环境进行综合评述,分析矿业资源优势与投资影响因素,对境外矿业投资企业提供参考。     

国外芒硝资源及其开发利用

在整个化学工业历史中,硫酸钠曾占有重要的地位。由于它是一种天然盐资源和作为许多化学加工副产品的来源丰富,使其价格低廉。在一定的条件下,它曾作为碱(Na_2O)和硫的来源,但这些用途都需消耗高的能源。在二十世纪初期,由于硫酸盐纸浆法的开发和商业化,使硫酸钠出现新的用途。二次世界大战以来,利用它的化学惰性和低价,导致它作为家用洗涤剂的填料。自80年代以来,由于以上工业中采用了先进的工艺以及经济和环保上的诸因素,使硫酸钠用量逐年降低。这种下降趋势将持续到90年代,除非开发耗量大的新用途。其中最具有远景的是利用电渗析法使硫酸钠转化为硫酸和苛性碱。该法已进入中试阶段,并预期具有商业化的潜力。无论天然的或副产品的加工工艺,都采用同样的基本原理以获得畅销的硫酸钠。几乎所有的生产者,都将这种原料结晶成芒硝,使其纯化,然后用熔融或完全脱水将芒硝转化成无水物,后者即可在有关工业中应用或进行再加工。本文综述芒硝和硫酸钠资源的开发历程、地球化学、储量、脱水、再加工、用途和展望等方面,并着重于脱水和电渗析技术以及其他再加工。