不同饵料及添加剂对中国对虾幼体的影响

在连续两年春季中国对虾育苗期间,采用几种不同的饵料－人工饵料为主、活饵料和两种强化饵料分别培育中国对虾幼体,以存活率、体长、体重、抗感染力的缺氧耐受力等指标检验育苗效果。结果表明,人工饵料为主的喂养方式各项指标均显著劣于活饵料;强化与未强化的活饵料效果相近;强化的人工饵料在体长和耐缺氧方面显著优于人工饵料,存活率略低于后者,增重和抗感染方面与后者相近。     

Cold fronts induce changes in phycoperiphyton structure in a shallow lake: Wind forces drive algae succession and nutrient availability

We evaluated wind as the main structuring force in driving phycoperiphyton structure, community composition and succession in a warm, polymictic shallow lake in southern Brazil. Mangueira Lake is continuously mixed due to its exposure to wind, and during cold fronts the wind changes from the dominant NE direction to a SSW direction. Our question was: could changes in wind forces induce phycoperiphyton succession and determine population structure? To answer this question, we studied the phycoperiphyton successional response to a change in wind forces under three different situations: on clean macrophyte leaves in an open site (Open) and in an enclosed site protected from the wind (Enclosure), and the Natural community growing on uncleaned macrophyte leaves in an open site. Cold fronts improved nutrient availability and changed the algal community. The phycoperiphyton natural community was dominated by Epithemia spp bound in gross masses of green filaments during cold fronts. However, the wind direction typically changes when cold fronts are over (NE-E) and wind blowing from the off-shore direction dislodged the attached algae biomass and pushed it toward to lake shore, inducing community changes. The macrophyte bank exhibited rapid colonization and acted as a refuge for phycoperiphyton, providing habitat heterogeneity, whereas the enclosure acted as a buffer against wind forces, delaying the succession derived from settlement of loosely adhered algae. Furthermore, in the enclosure, the succession only started after a strong disturbance (rain and wind > 10 m s⁻¹) in which lake water flooded the mesocosm inducing colonization. Phycoperiphyton showed resilience and recovered rapidly after the disturbance, when the rain supplied inocula and wind favored colonization with growth forms that take advantage of local conditions, depending of wind dynamics.     

云南腾冲麻栗坝铅锌矿矿床成因

云南省腾冲县麻栗坝铅锌矿位于腾冲西北部.该区燕山期花岗岩浆活动剧烈,区内的铅锌矿体产于石炭系上统空树河组中段灰岩或钙质砂岩与燕山期花岗岩接触蚀变带的矽卡岩中,矿体明显受岩体接触蚀变带、地层、矽卡岩多因素控制.     

Interaction of uniform current with a circular cylinder submerged below an ice sheet

The problem of a uniform current passing through a circular cylinder submerged below an ice sheet is considered. The fluid flow is described by the linearized velocity potential theory, while the ice sheet is modelled through a thin elastic plate floating on the water surface. The Green function due to a source is first derived, which satisfies all the boundary conditions apart from that on the body surface. Through differentiating the Green function with respect to the source position, the multipoles are obtained. This allows the disturbed velocity potential to be constructed in the form of an infinite series with unknown coefficients which are obtained from the boundary condition. The result shows that there is a critical Froude number which depends on the physical properties of the ice sheet. Below this number there will be no flexural waves propagating to infinity and above this number there will be two waves, one on each side of the body. When the depth based Froude number is larger than 1, there will always be a wave at far upstream of the body. This is similar to those noticed in the related problem and is different from that in the free surface problem without ice sheet. Various results are provided, including the properties of the dispersion equation, resistance and lift, ice sheet deflection, and their physical features are discussed.     

城市泥石流沟的治理启示——以深沟为例

为研究典型工程措施在泥石流沟治理中的作用及影响,结合野外调查及历史资料,对云南东川城区的深沟泥石流治理进行总结：深沟在一系列坝系群建设和多年植树造林的治理下,发育了一定规模的阶梯一深潭系统,使沟道阻力明显增强（经测河床结构强度5p达0．3以上）,消减了泥石流能量,并保护河床不被侵蚀下切,岸坡稳定;而另一方面林草生长能提...     

考虑储层孔隙结构的岩石导电机制研究

经典Archie公式解决了测井数据的定量计算问题,但是,Archie公式只能用于孔隙结构相对简单的储层.面对日益复杂的油气勘探对象,Archie公式的计算精度受到一定的限制.本次研究,应用球管模型方法,针对不同孔隙结构研究了岩石饱和盐水及饱和油气时的导电性质,得到了不同孔隙结构、具有不同流体饱和度时岩石导电性的数值模拟结果. 本次研究的数值模拟结果证明岩石孔隙结构是导致岩电实验数据发散现象的因素之一,对比孔隙结构不同而饱和度相同岩石的导电性质,证明复杂孔隙结构是形成低电阻油层的重要因素.     

Vulnerability and resistance to neoliberal environmental changes: An assessment of agriculture and forestry in the Biobio region of Chile (1974–2014)

This article examines the dynamics of double exposure, vulnerability, and resistance to neoliberal globalization and environmental change in the Chilean agricultural region of Biobio. By using climatic models and secondary Agricultural Census data from 1997 and 2007, we assess how Chilean neoliberal reforms have, since 1974, facilitated land use changes and forestry investments. We demonstrate that policy changes which incentivize forestry investments have reduced cultivated agricultural lands and native forest, and concentrated land in the hands of global agribusiness corporations. Compounding these issues, Biobio shows a climatic trend towards aridity coupled with an increasing demand for irrigation. Analyzing these conditions, we argue that the neoliberal globalization of regional agriculture under the context of climatic changes has produced a regional space of increasing vulnerabilities and uneven geographical development in Biobio. We particularly demonstrate that the Chilean mode of agricultural neoliberalization has been conducive to land dispossession—to the detriment of traditional agriculture —and has homogenized the biophysical landscape, replacing traditional crops and native forests with exotic species like pines and eucalyptus. We also examine how local producers are using resistance movements to cope with and contest neoliberal environmental changes. We conclude by evaluating the implications of these spaces of agricultural vulnerabilities and local resistances in the context of uneven geographical development at a regional and global scale.     

粤西沿海渔港物流阻力面模型研究

利用最小累积阻力面模型,计算和绘制了粤西沿海地区渔港公路物流阻力面形态图和最小累积阻力面图。结果表明粤西沿海地区在广湛高速、渝湛高速公路和325国道、207国道附近,形成了两条物流快速通道,一条以阳江、阳西、电白、茂名、湛江、雷州、徐闻等地为基点的沿海快速通道;另一条以遂溪、高桥、博白为基点的西南大通道。物流过程阻力从沿海向内陆方向迅速增强。水产品物流方向在湛江市以霞山为区域核心,指向西南和粤东;茂名市的博贺和阳江市的沙扒、闸坡、东平则直接指向粤东。在粤桂交界的廉江和阳春形成两个水产品物流战略点。     

在干旱、高温胁迫中沙生植物抗脱水性与膜脂过氧化关系的研究

在高温、自然脱水和干旱处理中不同类型沙生植物叶形态、相对含水量(RWC)、质膜相对透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量变化不同,其中流动沙地的沙米、欧亚旋覆花在胁迫中MDA积累,RWC下降快,膜透性增大,复水后MDA增多而植株死亡;半固定沙地的差不嘎蒿和固定沙地的狗尾草、白草,胁迫下MDA积累,RWC下降,但复水后RWC上升、膜透性下降,MDA下降,植株存活。自然脱水处理中植物细胞膜相对透性与膜脂过氧化成正相关,但细胞膜受损程度与MDA积累的绝对量无密切关系,而与膜忍受膜脂过氧化能力相关。     

海床式静力触探在黄河口海底土工程特性研究中的应用

海床式静力触探设备工作效率高,能够实现从垂向上对地层的连续探测,数据分辨率较好。通过对黄河口海域3个静力触探孔和1个地质钻孔的分析,将研究区20m以浅地层自上而下划分为粉土、粉质黏土、粉土夹粉砂或粉砂、粉质黏土、粉土五层,静力触探曲线对粉土层中的硬壳层和粉质黏土层中的贝壳夹层等特殊地质现象有很好的反映。对粉质黏土的静力触探参数与物理力学参数进行相关性分析,得到适合该区域的回归方程。采用基于CPT数据的液化判别法,对研究区表层粉土液化可能性进行评判,通过Seed简化法计算的周期应力比(CSR)与Olsen法计算的周期阻力比(CRR)的大小比较,得出当抗震设防烈度为7度时,研究区表层粉土不会液化,当抗震设防烈度为8度时,粉土层将发生液化,计算最大液化深度3.7m。