冻土的蠕变及蠕变强度

基于试验，本本讨论分析了冻土三轴蠕变规律及温度和围压对冻土蠕变强度的影响，给出了土蠕变及蠕变强度随时间降低的方程式，进而提出了冻土蠕变强度的物型屈服准则。通过改变参数可将冻土的瞬时强度准则与冻土的瞬时强度准则与冻土的蠕变强度准则统一为同一个方程描述。     

Tafoni on coastal slopes,South Devon,U.K.

Cavernous weathering (tafoni development) occurs on coastal slopes in greenschist bedrock at elevations up to 40 m above sea level. The freshly weathered surfaces of the cavern interiors are irregular in morphology, discordant to major rock structure, formed by substantially weakened rock and associated with granular weathering debris. The weathering debris contains soluble elements in proportions similar to those present in seawater, and the penetration of elements associated with sea salts into the weathering surface to estimated depths of at least 0·1–0·2 m is indicated by the presence of chlorine. Scanning electron microscopy and microprobe analyses suggest that rock breakdown occurs principally through limited chemical weathering at grain boundaries. The mechanism for the emplacement of marine salts within sheltered rock surfaces in the tafoni is postulated to be a combination of dry deposition under turbulent atmospheric conditions and wetting by coastal fog.     

松散地基上特大公路桥梁工程勘察与评价

本文通过具体工程实践,对在松散地基上兴建特大型公路桥梁的工程勘察要求、勘探工作布置、墩台基础持力层的选择及对地基评价作了分析、论述,可供同行借鉴与参考     

Determination of shear strength of conglomerates using a caterpillar D9 ripper and comparison with alternative methods

Summary A method of determining shear strength in Gila Conglomerates at Inspiration Mine (now Cyprus Miami Mine), Arizona, using Caterpillar D9H and D9L rippers is described. The results are compared with data obtained using laboratory direct shear tests — both large and small scale, back analysis and boulder modelling. The significance of scale, particularly relating to boulder size is discussed.     

An example of slip instability resulting from displacement-varying strength

A rock cylinder, containing a clay-filled sawcut making an angle of 30° to the sample axis, was deformed at constant confining and pore pressures and constant remote shortening rate. The sawcut surfaces contained a series of regularly spaced ridges and grooves oriented perpendicular to the direction of shear. The interaction of these grooved surfaces resulted in a sliding strength which varied periodically with displacement. By varying the effective machine stiffness through the use of an electronic feedback circuit, a range of stable and unstable slip behavior was achieved. In this way, we examined fault slip behavior which was dominated by displacement-dependent strength.     

The rate of bedrock weathering by frost action: Field measurements and a predictive model

Shattering rate, surface temperature, moisture content, and the physical and strength properties of bedrock were measured in four rockwall sites of the Japanese Alps. Five-year observations revealed that the bedrock shattering rate was usually much higher in the freeze-thaw period from October to next May than in the frost-free period from June to September. This indicates that frost action is the most important shattering process, although unusual heavy rainstorms in summer are also responsible for the shattering. A combination of some empirical relationships derived from recent laboratory experiments leads to a predictive model of the frost shattering rate. This model shows that the annual shattering rate is dependent on the annual freeze-thaw frequency on the rock surface, and the degree of saturation and tensile strength of the rock masses. The coefficients involved in the model were determined using the field data.     

晶体点阵参数最小二乘法计算程序

作者以最小二乘法理法导出了晶体点阵参数计算的公式,并顾及了X射线粉晶衍射图测定所引起的系统误差修正,从而得到点阵参数的最佳估值。以导出的公式为数学模型编制了PC-1500微机的扩展BASIC语言程序,可适用于各晶系点阵参数的计算,使用方便。     

区域化探异常研究方法探讨

本文对区域化探异常图示、异常评序、可能成矿元素、综合解释及成矿预测等方面进行了探索性研究,这对异常深入的剖析研究,确定异常检查范围及成矿预测都十分有益。数据处理系统是在无 X—Y 绘图仪的 PC 微机上实现数据处理、成图及各类处理分析的程序软件。     

组建云南天文时纬测震网的意义及可行性

本文简要地介绍了光学天文时纬残差在地震前夕出现短期异常波动的现象，认为光学天文时纬观测可为地震短期预报提供有价值的信息。作者认为在地震活动性较强的云南地区，组建一个天文时纬测震网是有意义的，本文讨论了其可行性及有关问题。     

正常震群和前兆震群的判定指标

本文采用大森公式ｎ（ｔ）＝Ｋ／（ｔ＋ｃ）＾ｐ求解Ｋ、ｃ、ｐ三个参数，对云南１９６５年以来７１个地震序列进行研究。确定Ｐ＝０．８为前兆震群和正常震群的判定指标。利用Ｋ、ｃ、ｐ三参数计算序列理论曲线得到晚期强余震前差残曲线超出两倍均方差的结果。