Parametric study of the wave-induced residual liquefaction around an embedded pipeline

Wave-induced liquefaction in a porous seabed around submarine pipeline may cause catastrophic consequences such as large horizontal displacements of pipelines on the seabed, sinking or floatation of buried pipelines. Most previous studies in relation to the wave and seabed interactions with embedded pipeline dealt with the wave-induced instaneous seabed response and possible resulting momentary liquefaction (where the soil is liquefied instantaneously during the passage of a wave trough), using theory of poro-elasticity. Studies for the interactions between a buried pipeline and a soil undergoing build-up of pore pressure and residual liquefaction have been comparatively rare. In this paper, this complicated process was investigated by using a new developed integrated numerical model with RANS (Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes) equations used for governing the incompressible flow in the wave field and Biot consolidation equations used for linking the solid–pore fluid interactions in a porous seabed with embedded pipeline. Regarding the wave-induced residual soil response, a two-dimensional poro-elastoplastic solution with the new definition of the source term was developed, where the pre-consolidation analysis of seabed foundation under gravitational forces including the body forces of a pipeline was incorporated. The proposed numerical model was verified with laboratory experiment to demonstrate its accuracy and effectiveness. The numerical results indicate that residual liquefaction is more likely to occur in the vicinity of the pipeline compared to that in the far-field. The inclusion of body forces of a pipeline in the pre-consolidation analysis of seabed foundation significantly affects the potential for residual liquefaction in the vicinity of the pipeline, especially for a shallow-embedded case. Parametric studies reveal that the gradients of maximum liquefaction depth with various wave and soil characteristics become steeper as pipeline burial depth decreases.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000510

In this paper,we analyze lithospheric density distribution of China and surrounding regions on the basis of 300300gravity data and 1 1 P-wave velocity data.Firstly,we used the empirical equation between the density and the P-wave velocity difference as the base of the initial model of the Asian lithospheric density.Secondly,we calculated the gravity anomaly,caused by the Moho discontinuity and the sedimentary layer discontinuity,by the Parker formula.Thirdly,the gravity anomaly of the spherical harmonics with 2e40 order for the anomalous body below the lithosphere is calculated based on the model of EGM96.Finally,by using Algebra Reconstruction Techniques(ART),the inversion of 300300residual lithospheric Bouguer gravity anomaly caused by the lithosphere yields a rather detailed structural model.The results show that the lithospheric density distribution of China and surrounding regions has a certain connection with the tectonic structure.The density is relatively high in the Philippine Sea plate,Japan Sea,the Indian plate,the Kazakhstan shield and the Western Siberia plain,whereas the Tibetan Plateau has low-density characteristics.The minimum value of density lies in the north of Philippines,in the Taiwan province and in the Ryukyu island arc.     

基于简单台风模型的台风“海马”强度变化机制研究

台风强度预报误差较大,相关物理机制有待深入研究。针对台风“海马”个例,利用台风最佳路径数据集和欧洲中心再分析资料设定台风特征参数,使用基于海-气相互作用理论的简单台风模型对台风“海马”进行数值模拟,并针对焓交换系数与拖曳系数比值开展敏感性试验。控制试验结果表明,在台风的成熟期,台风的切向动能主要存在于眼壁外侧的云下层和对流层中下层,而径向动能主要集中在对流层上部和眼壁外侧的云下层,这些结果描述了台风成熟期的基本特征。敏感性试验表明,当海洋表面焓交换系数与拖曳系数的比值增大时,台风的主级环流与次级环流明显增强,台风边界层的平均径向风速度分布更趋向中心,且风速明显增加,同时,垂直上升速度增加,台风切向动能明显增加,台风强度增强。研究结果有助于理解海气交换对台风强度的影响。     

中国东西部两县域气象要素对呼吸系统疾病影响的分层对比研究

利用安徽省阜南县以及贵州省锦屏县2015—2016年医保住院数据，细化两县呼吸系统疾病住院人群年龄分层，并从月份、节气、候不同时间尺度逐步递进的角度，采用描述性研究方法与相关性分析方法，探析两地各年龄段人群住院人数分布及其地域差异。结果表明：（1）两县9岁以下儿童呼吸系统疾病高发，20~39岁人群住院率较低。（2）两县各人群呼吸系统疾病入院高峰基本出现在2—3月（立春—清明、第10-20候）和11—12月（大雪—冬至）。除个别人群外，两县均是夏、秋两季呼吸系统疾病入院人数较少。（3）阜南县50~59岁人群呼吸系统疾病秋季入院风险的增加与当地气温日较差增大和相对湿度降低有关，滞后5 d左右影响明显。（4）总体来看，干冷环境可能会造成两县居民呼吸系统疾病入院人数的增多。此外，锦屏县居民还需格外防范春季相对低温高湿天气及暖季较低气温日较差所带来的呼吸系统疾病风险。