沧东—南皮凹陷孔一上亚段原型盆地边界恢复

基于盆地结构分析,井-震结合确定沧东—南皮凹陷孔一上亚段残留盆地边界。应用边缘相法和平衡剖面法对孔一上亚段原型盆地边界进行了恢复。综合分析恢复结果表明,沧东—南皮凹陷孔一上亚段地层沉积时期受沧东、徐西断层控制,遭受强烈改造,为后期构造改造的盆地,盆地剥蚀面积大于500km2,剥蚀率高于20%,且原型盆地与残留盆地的边界亦有较大差异。     

用logistic映射混沌点修正选权迭代法估计残差方法

选权迭代法获得的结果往往含有较大的残差,修正其残差是一个值得关注的问题.联系logistic映射产生混沌点的理论概率分布特点,用其产生的修正值,在L范数最小的条件下,逐次获得修正值.同时给出了测绘实际工作实践,模拟计算得到了较好的效果.     

南祁连山前区中生代晚期古构造特征的研究

南祁连山前区可以分为露头和盆地区两个不同的大地构造单元,本区晚中生代构造活动强烈,控制了新生代的沉积过程和现今中生界残余层序的分布。本文提出了均匀平板状沉积体后期的构造变形可以利用古地质图以及高精度残余地层厚度的变化规律判断古构造带的分析方法,并且对于研究区中生代晚期的古构造特征进行了分析。露头区主要利用古地质图分析方法,研究区集中在赛什腾山—埃姆尼克山北缘的鱼卡和红山地区。盆地区主要利用中生界残余厚度图的分析方法,研究区集中在赛什腾山—埃姆尼克山南侧的赛什腾南部凹陷和马海凸起地区。通过这4个地区古构造特征的研究,提出南祁连山前区中生代晚期在区域性隆升的背景下,形成了一系列古构造带,古构造活动的特点是形成北西—北北西走向的背斜和向斜构造,这些褶皱的波长为15～20 km,为中尺度规模。同时指出,中国西部多数地区均缺失上白垩统,暗示着当时的中亚地区存在一个广阔的晚白垩世古高原。     

基于剩余推力法的地震滑坡永久位移研究

基于剩余推力法思想 ,结合Newmark有限滑动位移法 ,考虑了由于动力作用造成的孔隙水压力变化 ,对一种最为常见的边坡灾害滑坡 ,提出了一种简便的估算地震动力永久位移的方法。对一实例用该法和快速拉格朗日元 (FLAC3D)进行对比计算 ,结果表明两者的结果基本接近 ,前者要保守一些。这就使得应用剩余推力法这一常规方法对滑坡进行真正意义上的动力时程分析成为可能.     

黄土完全软化强度与残余强度的对比试验研究

为了解决复活蠕滑型黄土滑坡强度参数的取值问题,开展完全软化强度与残余强度的对比试验研究。以山西地区典型黄土为研究对象,采用预压固结法制备饱和重塑试样,并进行反复直剪强度试验获取完全软化强度和残余强度参数。试验结果表明:黄土的完全软化强度以黏聚力为零、颗粒未发生定向排列为主要特征。完全软化强度与二次固结应力和黏粒含量有关。试样在二次固结应力小于300kPa时的应力-应变曲线呈应变软化型,完全软化强度大于残余强度,黏粒含量高的试样应变软化更显著; 试样在二次固结应力大于等于300kPa时的应力应变曲线呈理想塑性型,完全软化强度近似等于残余强度。完全软化内摩擦角与残余内摩擦角的差值和预压固结应力、二次固结应力及黏粒含量有关。完全软化内摩擦角与残余内摩擦角的差值随二次固结应力的增大而减小,最终趋于0。当预压固结应力小于300kPa时,内摩擦角差值及黏粒含量对内摩擦角差值的影响随着预压固结应力的减小呈乘幂性增大; 当预压固结应力大于等于300kPa时,完全软化强度近似等于残余强度,可用完全软化强度近似代替残余强度。研究结论为复活蠕滑型黄土滑坡稳定性分析时强度参数的取值提供了一定的参考。     

Combined tidal and wind driven flows and residual currents

The effect of a residual current on the combined tidal and wind driven flow and the resulting bedload sediment transport in the ocean has been investigated, using a simple one dimensional two-equation turbulence closure model. Predictions of the combined tidal and wind driven flow with given residual currents are presented, showing that the residual current has a substantial effect on both the depth averaged mass transport and the mean bedload transport directions; in some cases the effect of the residual current is to almost reverse the mean bedload transport direction. The residual current affects the rotation of the flow due to the Coriolis effect in the lower part of the water column (the near-surface flow is wind dominated), causing a larger or smaller clockwise rotation of the depth averaged mass transport, depending on the direction of the residual current.     

RTM Gravity Forward-Modeling Using Topography/Bathymetry Data to Improve High-Degree Global Geopotential Models in the Coastal Zone

We apply the residual terrain modeling (RTM) technique for gravity forward-modeling to successfully improve high-resolution global gravity fields at short spatial scales in coastal zones. The RTM scheme is combined with the concept of rock-equivalent topography, allowing to use a single uniform constant mass-density in the RTM forward-modeling, both at land and sea. SRTM30_PLUS bathymetry is merged with higher-resolution SRTM V4.1 land topography, and expanded into spherical harmonics to degree 2160, yielding a new and consistent high-degree RTM reference surface. The forward-modeling performance is demonstrated in coastal zones of Greece and Canada using ground-truth vertical deflections, gravity from land and shipborne gravimetry, and geoid heights from GPS/leveling, with improvements originating from bathymetry clearly identified. We demonstrate that the SRTM30_PLUS bathymetry carries information on gravity field structures at spatial scales less than 5 arc minutes, which can be used to augment EGM2008 in (rugged) coastal zones, both over land and marine areas. This may be of value (i) to partially reduce the signal omission error in EGM2008/GOCE-based height transfer in areas devoid of dense gravity data, (ii) to fill the gap between land gravity and shipborne gravity along rugged coastlines, and (iii) for the development of next-generation altimetric gravity fields.     

A modified multi-elevated-temperature post-IR IRSL protocol for dating Holocene sediments using K-feldspar

A modified multi-elevated-temperature post-IR infra-red stimulated luminescence (MET-pIRIR) protocol is proposed for dating young samples of Holocene age using K-feldspar. The protocol utilizes a five-step MET-pIRIR measurement with a moderate preheating of 200 °C for 60 s, and a narrow IR stimulation temperature increment of 30 °C (i.e., the five measurement temperatures are 50, 80, 110, 140 and 170 °C). Using this method, the residual doses of the MET-pIRIR signals are generally less than 1 Gy. Holocene aeolian samples from Northern China were tested using the 30°C-increment modified MET-pIRIR method. The results demonstrate that similar ages from 140 °C to 170 °C were obtained for our samples, which were consistent with the quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages. Based on this observation, the measurement procedures are further simplified to a three-step pIRIR protocol. The first IR stimulation at elevated temperature (110 °C) is used to remove the fading affected signals. This is followed by two steps of IR stimulation at high temperatures (140 and 170 °C) for equivalent dose (De) measurement. Dating results consistent with the expected ages have been obtained at stimulation temperatures of 140 and 170 °C. It is suggested that the first IR stimulation can effectively remove the fading component. The three-step pIRIR method has minimized the experimental procedures, while keeping the age plateau test.     

温压条件下岩石破坏前后的力学性质与波速

在温压条件下，对大理岩和砂岩进行了全过程应力应变试验，研究了温压条件对岩石的极限强度，残余强度，剪切破裂角的影响，以及岩石破坏前后的弹性模量与波速的变化。得到了在温压条件下，岩石变形全过程中有关弹性参数和力学性质的变化规律，并进行了简要分析。     

Lidar and Sun photometer observations of atmospheric boundary-layer characteristics over an urban area in a mountain valley

We present measurements of the vertical aerosol structure and the aerosol optical depth in the lower troposphere performed above the city of Sofia (an urban area situated in a mountain valley), western Bulgaria by means of a ground-based aerosol lidar operating continuously for a number of years. The lidar measurements were accompanied by measurements of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the visible and near infrared regions of the spectrum performed in October 2004 using Microtops II radiometers. The maximum values of the AOD were found to occur 1–2 h before the complete development of the atmospheric boundary layer, i.e. during the residual layer destruction, which confirms our hypothesis concerning the slope circulation effect on the processes taking place in the atmospheric boundary layer. The AOD values obtained by the lidar are lower than those taken by the sun photometer. Further, the AOD exhibits two different types of behaviour. In the case of a ‘clear atmosphere’ (i.e. in the absence of volcanic eruptions and/or dust transport from the Sahara) most of the aerosol accumulated within the atmospheric boundary layer over the urban area considered. The combined use of the two instruments allows the comparison between the optical characteristics of the atmospheric aerosol (e.g. aerosol extinction coefficient, etc.) obtained by the lidar and through an independent method (sun photometer).