松辽盆地徐家围子断陷火山岩天然气成藏主控因素及模式

徐家围子断陷火山岩天然气藏分布具有4个特征：纵向分布层位多,深度范围大;平面上分布在生气凹陷内或附近,且沿断裂带分布;自储自盖;气-水关系复杂.其成藏与分布主要受3个因素控制,即：源岩区控制着火山岩天然气藏的分布区域,断裂带和古隆起控制着火山岩天然气藏分布的具体部位,火山岩相控制着天然气的储集.源岩排气史、断裂活动史、火山岩罔闭形成史和天然气运聚史的综合研究认为：火山岩气藏形成的主要时期为泉头组沉积晚期-青山口组沉积时期、嫩汀组沉积末期和明水组沉积时期.成藏模式为断陷深部沙河子组源岩生成的天然气在主成藏期沿断裂向上运移至断裂带处的火山岩圈闭中或古隆起上的火山岩圈闭中聚集成火山岩气藏.     

潍北凹陷次级构造带孔三段火山岩油气成藏条件对比研究

潍北凹陷是郯庐断裂带内部典型的走滑拉分盆地,火山岩发育在古近系孔三段。通过对该区火山岩油气藏成藏要素研究,认为孔二中上亚段油页岩和灰质泥岩为主力烃源岩;遭受强烈风化作用的溢流旋回上部亚相为主要储集层,储集空间以裂缝-孔隙型为主;断距较大的反向断块与两套主力烃源岩直接对接,形成良好的圈源配置;断层和风化壳形成的输导网络提供了有利的运移条件;孔二中下亚段暗色泥岩提供了良好的盖层条件。根据潍北凹陷孔三段火山岩油气藏成藏特征,总结出3 种成藏模式,即北部洼陷带近源相控成藏模式、灶户断鼻带断鼻带中源断-相双控成藏模式和南部斜坡带远源断控成藏模式,灶户断鼻带和南部斜坡带是有利成藏区。     

基于二次重现期的城市两级排涝标准衔接的设计暴雨

使用珠海市1984—2015年R_1h-R_6h、R_1h-R_12h、R_1h-R_24h3个历时暴雨组合推算排水排涝两级标准衔接的设计暴雨水平。应用阿基米德极值Copula与Kendall分布函数构建不同历时暴雨组合的联合概率分布模式。分析各历时暴雨组合的遭遇概率、"或"重现期、"且"重现期和二次重现期,以出现最大可能概率的方法推算各组合的设计暴雨值。结果表明:二次重现期所对应的累积频率更准确地代表了特定设计频率情况下不同历时暴雨组合的风险率;重现期分别为2年、3年、5年、10年、20年、50年、100年推算的二次重现期设计值介于"或"重现期和"且"重现期设计值之间,小于相应的边缘分布重现期设计值,R_1h-R_{6 h}组合推算的设计值相对误差为3.1%~7.1%;R_1h-R_12h组合推算的设计值相对误差为3.3%~9.3%;R_{1 h}-R_{24 h}组合推算的设计值相对误差为3.9%~12.0%。二次重现期推算的不同历时暴雨组合的设计暴雨分位值为内涝工程的风险管理和管渠尺寸提供了优选标准和设计参考。     

不同概率分布函数降雨极值的适用性分析

极端降雨极值发生的重现期是流域与城市防洪设施规划设计标准需要参考的最重要参数之一。利用常用的5种水文统计学分布函数,选取中国十大流域内10个站点不同时段的最大降雨极值序列进行拟合,并检验筛选不同站点的适用性分布函数。结果表明：10个站点拟合优度检验拟合效果较好,曲线差异度较小的分布依次为广义极值分布、对数正态分布、皮尔逊III分布;不同站点适宜性曲线的差异程度不同。研究结果可为区域降雨极值序列的拟合提供参考,即不同的区域、不同的季节、不同时长的降雨极值序列都应寻找其较适宜的分布函数并采用多种检验方法来拟合,以降低不确定性。     

Vegetation changes and sequential flowering after rain in the southern Atacama Desert

We describe the changes in plant cover, species richness, and flowering after rainfall over an entire growing season (September 1989–January 1990) in a southern Atacama Desert site in Chile. One month after the rain, vegetation was dominated by annuals and geophytes which dried out after 19 weeks. Among all species, including shrubs, we found differences of 4–10 weeks in the length and peak of the flowering period. The flowering sequence of the species belonging to the families Brassicaceae, Liliaceae, Onagraceae, and Asteraceae matched closely the sequences described for temperate plant communities, suggesting that this phenological character is phylogenetically determined.     

近46年江淮下游梅雨期的划分和演变特征

应用近46年江苏省中、南部各五站逐日雨量和西太平洋副高逐候脊线纬度资料分别划分出苏南和江淮两区梅雨期。部分梅雨期内含2段甚至3段梅雨集中期,因此也存在间歇期;出梅并不等同于入（盛）夏,少数年虽出梅却无（盛）夏。在所揭示的一系列区域气候特点中,最值得注意的是首次划分出的江淮梅雨期,它与苏南梅雨期并不尽同,有二成年份出梅期延迟至8月。两区梅雨期都具有很大的年际变化,尤其是苏南梅雨量的年际变化一直处于上升趋势且在近十年达到极大。     

海平面长期变化对推算多年一遇极值水位的影响

利用乳山口24a的年极值高、低水位和年平均海平面,分析讨论了平均海平面长期变化对推算多年一遇极值水位的影响.同时讨论了消除平均海平面中长期变化的途径.比较了消除平均海平面长期变化和保留这种变化情况下推算出的两种多年一遇极值水位,可以发现,对多年一遇高水位来说,保留平均海平面长期变化所得结果高于消除了的,而对多年一遇低水位而言,情况正好相反.     

Characteristics of Temperature Change in China over the Last 2000 years and Spatial Patterns of Dryness/Wetness during Cold and Warm Periods

This paper presents new high-resolution proxies and paleoclimatic reconstructions for studying climate changes in China for the past 2000 years. Multi-proxy synthesized reconstructions show that temperature variation in China has exhibited significant 50–70-yr, 100–120-yr, and 200–250-yr cycles. Results also show that the amplitudes of decadal and centennial temperature variation were 1.3℃ and 0.7℃, respectively, with the latter significantly correlated with long-term changes in solar radiation, especially cold periods, which correspond approximately to sunspot minima. The most rapid warming in China occurred over AD 1870–2000, at a rate of 0.56°± 0.42℃(100 yr)~(-1); however, temperatures recorded in the 20 th century may not be unprecedented for the last 2000 years, as data show records for the periods AD 981–1100 and AD1201–70 are comparable to the present. The ensemble means of dryness/wetness spatial patterns in eastern China across all centennial warm periods illustrate a tripole pattern: dry south of 25°N, wet from 25°–30°N, and dry to the north of 30°N. However, for all centennial cold periods, this spatial pattern also exhibits a meridional distribution. The increase in precipitation over the monsoonal regions of China associated with the 20 th century warming can primarily be attributed to a mega El Nino–Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. In addition, a significant association between increasing numbers of locusts and dry/cold conditions is found in eastern China. Plague intensity also generally increases in concert with wetness in northern China, while more precipitation is likely to have a negative effect in southern China.     

Barnacle Larvae and their Settlement in Genoa Harbour (North Tyrrhenian Sea)

Abstract. Density of barnacle larvae in plankton and settlement on atoxic plane surfaces have been compared at one station of Genoa harbour over sixteen months.
There were two periods of larval emission, during summer and autumn, with a slight one during winter. Barnacle settlement varied according to sea temperature, the amount of larvae and competition for the substratum.