博尔塔拉河流域过去461 a夏季温度的重建和分析

 根据采自天山北坡西段博尔塔拉河流域树木年轮样本,建立了该流域的树木年轮年表序列。通过相关普查得出,该年表与夏季（7-8月）月平均温度存在明显的负相关关系,且具有明确的树木生理学意义。用然布尔萨依（t+2）,铁里门萨依（t+1）和阿合峡特（t+2）三个差值树轮年表可较好地重建该流域461 a来该时段的月平均温度,并通过交叉检验可知所构建的方程是稳定可靠的。通过分析发现,博尔塔拉河流域461 a来夏季月平均温度经历了27个偏暖阶段,存在11 a、12 a、13 a、22 a、27 a、40 a、72 a、93 a、94 a、95 a、146 a和147 a的周期变化； 461 a来博尔塔拉河流域夏季月平均温度序列在1696年、1838年、1842和1962年发生过气温突变。     

盐城凹陷烃源岩分析及成藏期次研究

应用碳同位素及天然气成熟度经验公式分析气源,确定了天然气成因类型以油型气为主,主力烃源岩层位为上古生界栖霞组。分析该区烃源岩埋藏史类型发现存在晚期深埋型、两期深埋型和早期深埋型三种类型,晚期深埋型最有利于油气二次成藏。对该区流体包裹体有机质丰度及均一化温度分析发现盐城凹陷有过两期油气充注,时间为晚始新世—新第三纪期间的5Ma～11Ma和32Ma～34Ma,以晚期充注成藏为主要特征。     

Adapting earthquake actions in Eurocode 8 for performance‐based seismic design

Performance‐based seismic design (PBSD) can be considered as the coupling of expected levels of ground motion with desired levels of structural performance, with the objective of achieving greater control over earthquake‐induced losses. Eurocode 8 (EC8) already envisages two design levels of motion, for no collapse and damage limitation performance targets, anchored to recommended return periods of 475 and 95 years, respectively. For PBSD the earthquake actions need to be presented in ways that are appropriate to the estimation of inelastic displacements, since these provide an effective control on damage at different limit states. The adequacy of current earthquake actions in EC8 are reviewed from this perspective and areas requiring additional development are identified. The implications of these representations of the seismic loads, in terms of mapping and zonation, are discussed. The current practice of defining the loading levels on the basis of the pre‐selected return periods is challenged, and ideas are discussed for calibrating the loading‐performance levels for design on the basis of quantitative earthquake loss estimation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Isotopic Characteristics of Mesozoic Au-Ag Polymetallic Ore Deposits in Northern Hebei and Their Ore-Forming Materials Source

It has long been a controversy about the source of ore-forming materials of Au-Ag polymetallic deposits both in metallogenic theory and in ore-searching practice. In terms of a large wealth of the isotopic statistics data from Indosinian-Yanshanian endogenic ore deposits in northern Hebei (generally referring to the areas along the northern part of Taihang Mountains and northern Hebei, the same below) , it is considered that the ore-forming materials came from the deep interior of the Earth, which had migrated through plumes to the Earth surface while ex-perienced multi-stage evolution and then emplaced progressively in favorable structural loci to form ores. Their isotope data show that 559 sulfur isotopic data from 40 ore deposits are, for the most part, within the range of -5‰ -5‰, with a high degree of homogenization, indicating that the sulfur is derived mainly from magma; 200 lead isotope data from 37 ore deposits indi-cate that the ore-forming materials are principally of mantle source though some crust-source ma-terial was involved; 96 oxygen, hydrogen and carbon isotope data from 34 ore deposits illustrate that the ore-forming fluids are dominated by magmatic water while other sources of water would be involved. It may therefore be seen that the formation of endogenic deposits has nothing to do with the strata .     

中国锑矿床类型及时空分布规律

中国是世界上锑资源和生产大国。锑矿床划分为喷流沉积改造型、沉积改造型、变质再造型、岩浆热液型、火山热液型和外生堆积型六大类,细分十三亚类。近千个锑矿床（点）主要分布于华南锑矿成矿带、昆仓—秦岭锑成矿带、藏滇锑成矿带和阴山—天山锑成矿带。其中华南锑矿成矿带是最重要的锑成矿带,该带中有三个矿化集中区呈等间距分布。中国锑矿床最重要的成矿期为泥盆纪和侏罗－白垩纪。主要赋矿岩系为泥盆纪细碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩系,其次为元古界浅变质碎屑岩。     

沙尘暴形成史初步研究——中国沙漠几个典型地质学记录的实证

以位于沙漠黄土边界带的榆林、阿羌和米浪沟湾地层剖面为典型例证 ,讨论了 110 0kaBP以来中国沙漠沙尘暴的形成、发展和演化过程。提出在过去的 110 0ka中该区总共记录了 4 2个沙尘暴时期 ,并与 4 1个间沙尘暴时期构成比较连续且交替进行的一系列沉积演化历史。其中 ,最强烈的沙暴期发生时间大致在 6 2 0kaBP和 6 80kaBP前后 ,最温暖的间沙尘暴期出现在 5 90～ 5 0 0kaBP和15 0～ 70kaBP。研究认为 ,110 0kaBP以来因沙尘暴期与间沙尘暴期交替出现而形成的沉积旋回 ,是自那时以来在冰期、间冰期气候波动影响下冬夏古代季风相互对峙、交替演化形成气候旋回的结果     

Lacustrine environment responses to human activities in the past 300 years in Longgan Lake catchment,southeast China

The chronology of a gravity core sediment from Longgan Lake center was defined by²¹⁰Pb, combining with historic events recorded by document and sediment. The relationship between vegetation, soil erosion and lake nutrient state was discussed based on pollen, magnetic parameters, diatoms, phosphorus and pigments. The results show that the lake has undergone twice obvious transformations from oligotrophic to mesotrophic condition. Two eutrophications occurring at about 1768AD and the beginning of the 20th century respectively were related to external nutrient loading increase resulting from the enhanced human activities in the lake catchment. It is probable that strength of human actions in historic periods was influenced more or less by climatic changes. The lake eutrophication presented a more serious tendency because of the wide use of chemical fertilizer, reclamation of wetland and wetland vegetation destruction around the lake in the last 40 years.     

中国红土与自然地带变迁

我国第四纪冷期气候及自然地带变迁的研究较多,本文则专论暖期,根据棕红色土,红土,强风化红土网纹红土的时空分布,结合其它环境标志,论述亚热带北部,亚热带南部,热带这３个自然地带在上新世以来的４个暖期的配置,推断华北,长江中下游,华中,华南这４个区域的暖期气候变迁及其变幅。     

鄂尔多斯地块周缘地震活动周期及迁移特性

根据中国历史地震资料及现代地震观察资料,研究了鄂尔多斯地块周缘地震活动时间上的周期性及空间上的某些迁移特性。发现:地块周缘的地震活动有700—900年的活跃期;300—400年的活跃幕;20—30年的活跃段。在活跃期中,大震有绕地块周缘逆时针迁移趋势;在活跃幕、段中,中、强震有绕地块周缘顺、逆时针相间转动迁移趋势,并有对角、对边及反向迁移特征。     

The Ecology of Intertidal Amphipods in the Oslofjord. The Life Cycles of Chaetogammarus marinus and C. stoerensis

Abstract. In the Oslofjord two species of the amphipod genus Chaetogammarus, C. marinus (LEACH, 1815) and C. stoerensis (REID, 1938) were found to be annual species with similar life cycles. No differences in life cycle traits were found between two C. stoerensis populations where one occupied a freshwater influenced beach and the other a fully marine beach. The breeding period of both species was short and lasted from April to the end of May or early June. Frost prohibited embryonic development in the first part of April so few juveniles were released before the middle of May. In late May and early June all specimens which survived the winter died. The sex ratio was skewed in favour of females, and females produce two to three broods during lifetime. Between 16 and 31 % of the newly laid eggs failed to complete their development. The life cycle of populations of the two species from other geographical areas are compared with the Oslofjord data.