三江自然保护区河流湿地水质研究

2005年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(10月),分别在黑龙江流域三江自然保护区Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区的河流湿地中选取14个点采集水样,测试分析各个水样的总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD)、硝酸氮(NO3—N)、亚硝酸氮(NO2—N)和氨氮(NH4—N)浓度及其变化情况,得到三江自然保护区河流湿地水质分布特征。研究结果显示,三江自然保护区Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区河流湿地水质分布特征具有相似性。研究区Ⅰ区河流湿地水中的TP质量浓度总体上大于Ⅱ区,最大的TP质量浓度出现在Ⅰ区浓江河1号采样点的秋季水样中,为2.483 mg/L;河流湿地水中最大的COD质量浓度出现在Ⅰ区的黑龙江入水口采样点的夏季水样中,为82.70 mg/L,表明夏季该处湿地水体有机污染严重;在春季和秋季,Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区河流湿地水中NO3—N质量浓度都呈显著上升趋势;在夏季和秋季,Ⅰ区河流湿地水中的NH4—N和NO2—N的质量浓度都大于Ⅱ区。研究区河流湿地对污染物的净化作用存在较大的季节波动性,Ⅱ区河流湿地的净化能力强于Ⅰ区。     

Modelling the effects of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) on the southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) fishery of Victoria,Australia

Since 2002, 5.3% of the Victorian coastal waters have been declared as Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). These are aimed at safeguarding important marine habitats and species, significant natural features, and areas of cultural heritage and aesthetic value. However, MPAs impact the fishery for southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii), as total allowable catches (TACs) were previously set to allow the biomass to recover to pre‐specified target levels. The model on which assessments and risk analyses are based is extended to include the impact of MPAs. The MPAs and the area open to fishing are modelled as subpopulations with different levels of mortality and consequently different density and population size‐structure. A range for the probability of a lobster moving from a MPA to the fished area from 0 to 15% is considered, based on the results of tagging studies. The reduction of biomass available to the commercial fishery because of the introduction of MPAs is estimated to be 8% and 16% (Western and Eastern Zones) respectively. The results of a risk assessment show that if the current TACs are maintained, the time to increase the biomass available to the commercial fishery by 50% would be delayed 5–9 years in the Western Zone and 1–4 years in the Eastern Zone because of the impact of displaced effort. In contrast, spawning biomass in the Eastern Zone is currently below the agreed limit reference point, and the introduction of MPAs would enhance the rate of recovery, although only marginally initially, faster than the absence of the MPAs.     

The Parallel Roads of Glen Roy,Scotland: geoconservation history and challenges

Glen Roy is a classic geosite for ice-dammed lake shorelines, the Parallel Roads, and associated features formed during the Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas) Stade (12.9–11.7 ka). The area played a key part in the development of the glacial theory in the early 19th century and continues today to have outstanding scientific value for understanding the processes and timing of events at the end of the last glaciation. Glen Roy has also been long-appreciated as an awe-inspiring visitor attraction, and is now a flagship site for geotourism within Lochaber Geopark. Statutory geoconservation in Glen Roy, beginning in the second half of the 20th century, was founded on the exceptional scientific value of the area. The history and practice of geoconservation in Glen Roy illustrate the contested values of geoheritage and the evolving approaches adopted. Important lessons include the need for open dialogue and partnership working among the local community, land owners and managers, the statutory conservation agency (Scottish Natural Heritage), Lochaber Geopark and the scientific community.     

韭山列岛海洋生态自然保护区及其附近海域底拖网生物资源的分布及群落结构分析

为了解韭山列岛海洋生态自然保护区(下简称保护区)生物资源分布、群落结构特征及受干扰情况,于2012年4月(春)、7月(夏)对保护区及其附近海域进行了底拖网生物资源调查。运用物种多样性指数、丰度生物量比较曲线(abundance-biomass comparison curves,ABC)、相似性聚类(Bray-Curtis)及非度量多维尺度分析(non-metric multi-dimensional scaling,NMDS)等方法,比较分析了春、夏季保护区及其附近海域底拖网生物资源的物种多样性、群落结构及稳定性。结果显示:(1)调查海域共出现海洋生物45属47种,隶属7门11纲22目36科,其中保护区42种,保护区附近海域37种,节肢动物丰度和生物量最高;(2)日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicas)为保护区及其附近海域特征种,保护区季节间物种更替率(64.29%)低于其附近海域(72.97%);(3)保护区平均丰度为37.459ind/Agt,平均生物量为59.160g/Agt,其附近海域平均丰度为37.048ind/Agt,平均生物量为37.230g/Agt,保护区丰度和生物量高于其附近海域;(4)春季保护区与其附近海域Shannon-Weiner多样性指数、Margalef物种丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数相近且均较低,夏季保护区多样性指数高于其附近海域;(5)ABC曲线表明,春季保护区及其附近海域处于轻微干扰及未受到干扰状态,夏季保护区处于轻微干扰状态,其附近海域处于重度干扰状态。综上所述,韭山列岛海洋生态自然保护区的设立,在提高物种多样性、物种丰度、生物量及维持群落结构的稳定性方面优于其附近海域。     

双壳纲软体动物含碳量及年度碳储量估算——以河北昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区海域为例

在2019年昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区海域双壳纲软体动物调查的基础上,对该海域双壳纲软体动物含碳量进行了估算,同时分析了该保护区碳汇潜力与发展前景,以期为其他保护区海域碳储量估算提供参考依据.结果 表明,2019年昌黎自然保护区海域双壳纲软体动物含碳量约为391.79～ 414.54 t,等同于吸收了总量为1436....     

厦门国家级自然保护区厦门文昌鱼资源及其保护

根据2001年4月－2002年3月在厦门文昌鱼（Branchiostoma belcheri)自然保护区进行4个季度月的文昌鱼资源调查资料，估算保护区内文昌鱼现有资源量约有27.6t，分析了影响文昌鱼生存的不利因素，并对保护区管理与保护提出建议。     

Understanding the cost of establishing marine protected areas

While the recurrent cost of managing marine protected areas (MPAs) has been documented and estimated, there has been virtually no attempt to quantify the cost of establishing MPAs in the first place. This lack of attention is likely the result of the complexity of the process, involving often uncoordinated efforts of a multitude of governmental and non-governmental entities over a protracted period of time with no clear start and end-point. Using information gathered from a representative subset of MPAs worldwide, this paper presents the first attempt to identify and describe the various components, and explore potential predictors of the total funds spent in the course of establishment. The thirteen MPAs studied vary in size (from <1 to >360,000 km²), location (including near- and offshore in both developed and developing countries), objectives and degree of protection. Variation in MPA start-up costs is shown to be most significantly related to both MPA size and the duration of the establishment phase. Development of a method to estimate the potential cost of establishing proposed MPAs should play a crucial role in the conservation planning process.     

盐城滨海滩涂表层沉积物重金属生态风险评价

使用Arc GIs软件对江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区内核心区外围滩涂表层沉积物中的镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)及镍(Ni)6种重金属含量及其分布特征进行空间插值分析,并采用环境风险指数法(HPERI)和Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法(ERI)进行重金属生态风险评价,旨在为滨海湿地生态系统健康和环境保护提供科学依据,为滨海保护区的开发利用提出合理化建议。研究结果发现,Cr、Ni、Pb的含量均高于背景值;Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb 4种重金属含量均低于国家I类标准,属I类沉积物;Cr为Ⅱ类沉积;环境风险指数法表明该区域Cr对环境污染的影响最大,综合环境风险由东南至西北呈现先增大、后减小、再增大的趋势;Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法结果表明Cd的潜在生态危害最大,综合潜在生态风险与环境风险指数的变化规律大致一致,以新洋港入海口和渔业活动最密集处为最高。六种重金属的综合潜在生态危害指数RI值均在40以下,远小于150,总体也属非常轻微程度的生态危害。     

马头山自然保护区苔藓植物区系研究

通过对马头山自然保护区1180余号标本的鉴定，现已知该地区共有苔藓植物69科，149属，265种及1亚种，1变种。其中，Leucodon temperatus Akiyama为中国大陆分布新记录，大萼苔（Cephalozia ambigua)，钩叶粗蔓藓（Meteoriopsis ancistrodes),Isocladiella surcularis(Dix.)Tan,Trichosteleum stigmosum,Mitt.为华东新记录，水生湿柳藓（Hygroamblystgium fluviatile)，梨蒴珠藓（Bartramia pomiformis)拟兜叶藓（Horikawaea dubia)，柔叶毛柄藓（Calyptrochaeta japonica)，角状刺枝藓（Wijkia hornschuchii)等14种为江西新记录。本文全面分析了马头山苔藓植物区系成分，将其划分为12种类型，其中以东亚成分为主，热带，亚热带成分次之，温带成分居第三位，分别为39．36％，30．92％，26．51％，东亚成分中的中国－日本成分77种，占30．92％。东亚特有属，刺疣藓属（Trichosteleum)，水生湿柳藓等属种分布特点的讨论，以及和邻近地区比较，反映马头山苔藓植物区系与国内其它苔藓分布区之间的联系，具有较明显的过渡性质，成为我国苔藓植物区系中典型的亚热带类型。     

鼎湖山生物圈保护区生态旅游客流特征分析

对鼎湖山国家级自然保护区游客的数量动态特征进行分析 ,结果表明 :鼎湖山年游客数量从 1996～ 2 0 0 0年呈不断上升的趋势 ,增幅增大 ;公众假期是影响鼎湖山月客流量的主要原因 ;周末客流量占总客流量的一半以上 ,加权平均日客流量为 2 5 90人次 ,工作日加权平均日客流量为 76 6人次 ;汽车尾气排放量与游客总量存在显著直线相关关系 ;自费的游客仍占大部分 ,学生游客是不容忽视的消费群体。