努力创造有宏观影响的大成果——中国区域地质志编纂的阶段性成果

中国区域地质志项目实施8年以来,已启动24个省级和2个区级地质志的编纂工作,其中11个省级地质志已经完成并通过验收,即将出版面世。通过编纂地质志,对编志地区以及全国地质进行了大综合、大集成,取得若干创新性成果:前寒武纪地质研究获重大突破;重新厘定了一些地区和全国地层系统;分析总结了岩浆岩时空分布规律;进行了构造区划,深化了中国地质构造的认识;发现典型的洋盆地层系统;成功进行了三维立体地质图的编图试点。志书的编纂完成,将为中国地质工作和国家经济社会发展提供一套具有宏观影响的基础地质系列丛书。     

可持续发展研究:进展与趋向

可持续发展研究是跨世纪多学科综合研究的重大学科领域。回顾了可持续发展思想形成的简要历史过程,在介绍可持续发展的概念及国外可持续发展观和中国的可持续发展观的基础上,阐述了可持续发展思想的深刻内涵;介绍了可持续发展的理论基础和区域可持续发展的基本理论;概括总结了当前可持续发展研究的4个主要学科方向及其特点;概述了可持续发展研究的6个方面的主要内容及其趋向。     

Is there a need for a new governance model for regionalised Fisheries Management? Implications for science and advice

Over the years, the breadth and depth of EU marine policy has increased with revisions of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and new legislation like the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), Integrated Maritime Policy (IMP) and the Framework for Marine Spatial Planning Directive in Europe (FMSP). Not only do these different policies have different remits and hence scope, they also present a multitude of modes of implementation. Although the CFP and MSFD have many common goals when it comes to conservation and sustainable use of living marine resources, they differ substantially in governance set up and implementation modalities, including the underlying scientific advisory processes and structures. Regional cooperation and coordination is foreseen, but there is no governance model in place to coordinate requests for scientific advice, nor institutions coordinating the activities of advice providers, either across policies or across regions. This results in an increase in uncoordinated requests for scientific advice yet the pool of experts fuelling the advisory system is limited. As a result the European marine scientific advisory system is increasingly under pressure. In this paper the consequences of this problem are analysed and a redesign of the institutional governance setting to accommodate these challenges and make the science and advice system ready for the future is explored.     

The scientific value of scientific whaling

Scientific whaling has polarized opinion for decades, and its scientific value has been intensely debated. Here, the output of scientific whaling programs is examined by comparing it to the scientific output pertaining to whales of countries that do not practice scientific whaling. Between 1986 and 2013, whaling and non-whaling countries produced, on average, similar total numbers of publications that were directly relevant to the goals of the scientific whaling permits issued by the International Whaling Commission (IWC), and similar numbers of papers that were relevant to whale ecology and conservation but not directly related to IWC goals. Half of the scientific productivity of scientific whaling countries resulted from non-lethal data collection. One-third of publications by whaling countries were published in peer-reviewed outlets, compared to twice as many for non-whaling countries. Publications by whaling countries were cited ~4 times less often than those of non-whaling countries, with no evidence of citation discrimination against whaling countries since the citation rates of papers that did and did not use lethal sampling were similar. These academic criteria suggest that although the overall volume of science produced by scientific whaling countries is similar to that of non-whaling countries, the quality of the science is not. Arguably, academic criteria are not the best way to assess the usefulness of science for management and conservation, but demonstrating links between the science produced by scientific whaling, its integration in management plans and actions, and shifts towards sustainable exploitation or recovery of whale populations is challenging.     

国内外海洋调查船现状对比分析

海洋调查船是专门进行海洋调查研究的工具,研究内容囊括了海洋气象、水声、物理、化学、生物、地质和水文等诸多学科,是我国海洋强国战略以及"一带一路"顺利实施的重要保障。海洋调查船按照使用的目的分为综合调查船、渔业调查船和极地调查船等。文章在各类调查船中分别选取了国内外具有代表性的船舶进行对比分析,总结了国内各类型调查船的优势和不足,对我国各类调查船的发展方向具有较好的借鉴意义。同时,文章根据对国内外调查船调查能力的对比,提出了我国调查船发展的建议:(1)完善调查船类型;(2)提高各类型船舶调查能力;(3)增加相应类型船舶数量,达到我国海洋调查需求;(4)推动海洋调查仪器设备的国产化进程;(5)加强国家海洋调查船队运行管理职能。     

草鱼出血病病毒的研究进展

根据８０－９０年代中国关于草鱼出血病病毒研究的进展,就草鱼出血病病毒的发现、形态结构特征、理论特性、基因组结构及其所编码的多肽、基因组的转录和翻译过程,病毒的繁殖动态、体外细胞培养特性,病毒对鱼体的致病机理和宿主范围,草鱼出血病的诊断和防治等问题进行综合评述,总结概括了草鱼出血病病毒的研究现状以及研究中需要亟待解决的问题,并提出该领域以后的重点研究方向。     

A Spatiotemporal Data Model on Relational Databases for Coastal Dynamic Research

Spatiotemporal information is currently among the most significant data used in Geographical Information Systems (GIS), especially for modeling dynamic coastal areas. As the design of the data model is the most fundamental issue for representing spatiotemporal data, this article focuses on the basic solution of how to represent spatial, attribute, and temporal information in an integrated form. By presenting a data model on relational databases, together with an object-oriented model for system development, it is expected to provide both theoretic and technical support to the spatial and temporal analyses in GISs for various applications.     

琼脂糖酶的研究进展

从海洋及其他环境中可以分离出能够降解琼脂的琼脂糖酶。按照作用方式的不同,可将琼脂糖酶分为α-琼脂糖酶和β-琼脂糖酶两种类型。不同的琼脂糖酶具有不同的生物学特性。琼脂糖酶在海藻单细胞的制备、海藻原生质体的制备、琼脂寡糖的制备、海藻多糖结构的研究及分子生物学研究方面具有重要的应用价值。为了促进琼脂糖酶的开发和利用,依据国内外的研究资料,详细介绍了琼脂糖酶的研究进展,对琼脂糖酶的来源、种类、特性、作用机制及应用作一综述。     

词典使用研究中的调查方法综述

为了更好地满足词典使用者的多方面需求,词典家们已经开始把重点转移到使用者的需求和查询技能的研究上来。也就是,词典学从过去对词进行详尽描写,转向于词典使用研究,并从词典使用过程和使用者的角度反思词典编纂问题。就精心选择各种信息,并以最优的方式呈现给用户来言,编者应该对使用者进行充分的调查了解之后再做出抉择。这样,词典才更具针对性,才能更好地满足使用者的查询需求。历年词典使用研究中采用的一些方法各具优缺点,而计算机技术在此方向具有独特优势,研究人员应开发先进的计算机软件来辅助词典使用研究。     

Meta-analyses of case studies: A method for studying regional and global environmental change

As case studies of global environmental change accumulate over time, ways of summarizing these findings and bringing them to the attention of policymakers become more necessary. In summarized form, these findings might, for example, tell us new things about regional and pan-regional trends in tropical forest cover. This paper proposes a method for analyzing and summarizing the findings from the case studies. It illustrates the method through a meta-analysis of local studies of forest cover change in Mexico, and discusses how the method can produce credible, insightful findings about global environmental change.