山区地形对被动微波遥感影响的研究进展

随着土壤湿度与海水盐度卫星( SMOS)发射计划的顺利开展和AMSR -E(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer- Earth Observing System)业务化运行服务之后,人类用星载微波辐射计监测土壤水分是空间技术上的又一次飞跃,但土壤水分的反演精度受到微波辐射计低空间...     

秦岭—黄淮平原过渡带地形对降水影响*

本文首先用统计方法,分析了秦岭—黄淮平原过渡带降水量和暴雨分布的特点,然后探讨了地形对降水过程的影响松制。     

风和地形对林火蔓延速度的作用

给出了风和地形对林火蔓延速度作用的定量关系以及适合于业务使用的计算林火蔓延速度的方程组。经实地点火对比验证，该方法有一定实用价值。     

起伏地表地震波正演数值模拟

常规起伏地表地震波数值模拟均将地表以上的介质视为真空介质来处理,而这与实际情况不符。为解决这一问题,将地表以上介质视为声学介质,使地震波在该介质中以350m／s的速度传播。以两层起伏地表速度模型为例,分别采用声波和各向同性弹性波波动方程进行正演数值模拟,并与常规基于真空介质假设的计算结果进行对比,结果表明,基于声学假设的模拟记录可以更加有效地模拟真实的数据采集,并且反射波同向轴具有更好的连续性。     

高速公路低能见度浓雾监测预报中 的几点新进展

对沪宁高速公路江苏段26套交通气象自动监测站（AWM）每分钟一次的能见度、相对湿度、温度、风向风速等低能见度浓雾天气过程实时资料分析,证实了浓雾具有较强的地域性特征：在丘陵、水网密集地区多局地性浓雾;日出后是团雾多发时段并阐述了团雾的特征、霾雾混合作用造成的低能见度浓雾过程,同样具有“象鼻形”前兆;夏季由于汤山站地形的原因,会出现单站的低能见度浓雾,因而值得关注。     

Enveloping relief surfaces of landslide terrain

Two relief surfaces that envelop the rock fall region in a part of Garhwal Himalayas around Chamoli have been identified. Relative relief and absolute relief have been analyzed and the enveloping surfaces recorded at two levels of relief in the landscape. All landslide activity lies within these surfaces. The lower enveloping surface (800 m) dips due south by 7-8 degrees,due to an elevation rise of 100 meters within 12 km from south to north,i.e.,a gradient of 8 percent. The nature of the surface is smooth. The upper enveloping surface (> 2500 m) is almost parallel to the lower one but its surface is undulatory due to landslides and denudation. The area has been a seismically active region and has undergone seismic activity up until recently,as evidenced by the Chamoli earthquake of 29th March 1999. The effects of earthquakes are seen at higher levels in the form of landslide imprints on the terrain.