Climatic implications of loess deposits from the Beijing region

Variations in magnetostratigraphy, pedostratigraphy, grain size and magnetic susceptibility of the loess deposits near Beijing have been studied at two sections. The sections are about 400 km east of the main loess deposits in China, have a maximum thickness of 100 m and extend back to 1.1 Ma. The sequence consists of 14 loess–palaeosol couplets (S0‐S14), which correlate well with sequences in the Loess Plateau. Susceptibility records from the sites near Beijing are comparable to the Xifeng, Luochuan and Baoji sections located in the middle part of the Loess Plateau; however, the down‐core variations in the grain size in the Upper Lishi Formation exhibit some differences. The median grain size increases by about 25–30 µm from L4 to L2, with the sandy grains (>63 µm) increasing from 10–20 wt% to 40–50 wt% . This implies that the depositional environment of the dust sources in the Beijing loess section is different in some aspects from the Loess Plateau. The Beijing loess may have had a different dust source than the Loess Plateau. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

广东河台金矿田糜棱岩磁组构对剪切带变形与成矿的约束

河台金矿田是广东省内规模最大的金矿,由于金矿床都产于糜棱岩带中,因而被认为是典型的与剪切带有关的金矿。然而,对于Au矿化与剪切带变形条件之间的关系目前仍不十分清楚。高村和云西是河台金矿田两个代表性的金矿床,分别受ML11和ML9两条剪切带的控制。本文在对两条剪切带中的含矿和无矿糜棱岩的变形特征进行野外调查和室内岩（矿）相学观察的基础上,分别开展岩石磁学和磁化率各向异性（AMS）特征研究。糜棱岩x- T曲线显示了磁黄铁矿的居里温度,结合磁滞回线、等温剩磁（IRM）以及矿相学特征,表明河台金矿田糜棱岩几乎不含磁铁矿,载磁矿物主要为黑云母和磁黄铁矿,但是磁黄铁矿的贡献要远大于黑云母。两条糜棱岩带中不含矿糜棱岩的平均磁化率Km＜500×10-6 (SI)、磁化率各向异性度Pj、椭球体形状参数T、磁面理F和磁线理L没有明显差别。并且形成两条剪切带的主应力方向也近于一致,最大主应力方向σ1（K3）为近水平NNW- SSE向,最小主应力σ3（K1）为NEE- SWW向,倾伏角较缓。运动学涡度Wk值也近似,在0. 12~0. 65之间,小于0. 71。上述特征暗示两条含金剪切带都是在印支期NNW- SSE向近水平的强烈挤压作用下形成的,其中发育的糜棱岩为S型和SL型构造岩,具有强烈压扁的特征,并且在剪切变形过程中纯剪切作用所占的比重要明显大于简单剪切。然而,两条剪切带中含矿糜棱岩与无矿糜棱岩的AMS特征有明显的区别。含矿糜棱岩的K1近于直立,且Km＞500×10-6 (SI)和Pj值都明显大于无矿糜棱岩。因此,糜棱岩的变形强度与含矿性具有一定的正相关关系,而在燕山期叠加的脆韧性变形使得最大磁化率主轴（即最小主应力轴）变陡,更有利于热液的运移和最终成矿。     

基于信息量法的地质灾害气象风险预警模型:以甘肃省陇南地区为例

地质灾害气象风险预警是目前地质灾害防治研究领域的难点和热点。陇南地区是中国地质灾害造成人员财产损失和受灾害威胁最严重的区域之一,为精细化和准确化预报陇南地区地质灾害风险,在ArcGIS平台将研究区划分为250 m×250 m的栅格单元,使用信息量法选取9个影响因素进行地质环境敏感性评价,结合有效降雨量构建地质灾害气象风险预警模型;该模型通过6次历史降雨事件引发的156起地质灾害验证,预报准确率为83.42%,提高了研究区内地质灾害风险预警精度。该研究基于信息量法的地质环境敏感性分区客观合理,综合考虑下垫面和气象要素的第二代预警模型在类似地区的应用,有较高的准确性和适用性。     

Magnetic fabric of Plio-Pleistocene sediments from the Crotone fore-arc basin: Insights on the recent tectonic evolution of the Calabrian Arc (Italy)

Low-field anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) analyses were performed on 532 samples collected in 36 (mostly lower Pliocene to lower Pleistocene) marine clay sites from the Crotone basin, a fore-arc basin located on top of the external Calabrian accretionary wedge. The Crotone basin formed since mid-late Miocene under a predominant extensional tectonic regime, but it was influenced thereafter by complex interactions with NW–SE left-lateral strike-faults bounding the basin, which also yielded post-1.2 Ma ∼30° counterclockwise block rotations. The basin is filled by continental to marine sediments yielding one of the thickest and best-exposed Neogene succession available worldwide. The deep-marine facies – represented by blue-grey marly clays gave the best results, as they both preserved a clear magnetic fabric, and provided accurate chronology based on previously published magnetostratigraphy and calcareous plankton (i.e. foraminifers and nannofossils) biostratigraphy. Magnetic susceptibility range and rock magnetic analyses both indicate that AMS reflects paramagnetic clay matrix crystal arrangement. The fabric is predominantly oblate to triaxial, the anisotropy degree low (<1.06), and the magnetic foliation mostly subparallel to bedding. Magnetic lineation is defined in 30 out of 36 sites (where the e12 angle is <35°). By also considering local structural analysis data, we find that magnetic fabric was generally acquired during the first tectonic phases occurring after sediment deposition, thus validating its use as temporally dependent strain proxy. Although most of the magnetic lineations trend NW–SE and are orthogonal to normal faults (as observed elsewhere in Calabria), few NE–SW compressive lineations show that the Neogene extensional regime of the Crotone basin was punctuated by compressive episodes. Finally, compressive lineations (prolate magnetic fabric) documented along the strike-slip fault bounding the basin to the south support the significance of Pleistocene strike-slip tectonics. Thus the Crotone basin shows a markedly different tectonics with respect to other internal and western basins of Calabria, as it yields a magnetic fabric still dominated by extensional tectonics but also revealing arc-normal shortening episodes and recent strike-slip fault activity. The tectonics documented in the Crotone basin is compatible with a continuous upper crustal structural reorganization occurring during the SE-migration of the Calabria terrane above the Ionian subduction system.     

一株大口黑鲈源ST-873型肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

从患腹水病大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)的头肾、脾脏、肝脏组织中分离到一株优势菌,生长出圆形、边缘整齐的灰白色黏液状菌落;染色镜检可见短粗、卵圆形、有荚膜的革兰氏阴性杆菌。结合形态、生理生化特征、16S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定为肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae),MLST分析进一步确定其为ST-873型,与ST-65型聚为一支;该菌株携带aere、alls、wca和ybt四种毒力基因,具有溶血活性;人工感染大口黑鲈,发现患病鱼呈现腹水等与自然发病类似的症状,且病鱼内脏的分离菌株与攻毒菌株相同;经统计,其LD50为3.4×10⁷ CFU/mL,具有中等生物被膜形成能力。耐药性分析结果显示,该菌株携带bla-shv、sul2、aadA和tetB四种耐药基因,对β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类、黏菌素类药物敏感,对四环素类、磺胺类、林可酰胺类、利福霉素类耐药;中药三七、款冬花对分离菌株有明显抑制作用。研究探明了大口黑鲈腹水病的主要病原,可为鱼源肺炎克雷伯菌的诊断和防治提供科学依据和数据参考。     

Rapid magnetic susceptibility measurement as a tracer to assess the erosion–deposition process using tillage homogenization and simple proportional models: A case study in northern of Morocco

Soil erosion is a significant threat in the Rif region in northern Morocco. Hence, accurate cartography of the phenomenon, magnitude, and extent of erosion in the area needs a simple, rapid, and economical method such as magnetic susceptibility (MS). The current study aims to: (i) determine the factors influencing the variation of soil MS, (ii) exploit MS to estimate soil loss using two approaches in different homogenous units characterized by the same climatic conditions with different edaphic characteristics (land use, slope, and lithology), and (iii) highlight the potential for using MS as a cheap and rapid tracer of a long term erosion and deposition processes. Mass-specific magnetic susceptibility at low (χ_lf) and high (χ_hf) frequencies were measured for 182 soil samples collected in the study area. A tillage homogenization (T-H) model and a simple proportional model (SPM) were applied on an undisturbed soil profile to predict the eroded soil depths for given cores. The results confirm that χ_lf is influenced by land use, slope, and soil type. Pedogenesis is the main factor affecting soil MS enhancement, indicated by homogenous magnetic mineralogy with a dominance of super-paramagnetic (SP) and stable single domain (SSD) magnetic grains. The study results show that higher soil losses have occurred in almost all the soil samples when applying the T-H model compared to application of the SPM. The SPM underestimates erosion due to its ignorance of the MS of the plow layers after erosion. The current study implies the high efficacy of magnetic susceptibility as the quick, easily measurable, simple, and cost-effective approach that can be used as an alternative technique for evaluating soil redistribution.     

Assessment of calanchi and rill–interrill erosion susceptibilities using terrain analysis and geostochastics: A case study in the Oltrepo Pavese,Northern Apennines,Italy

Soil erosion is one of the most important environmental problems distributed worldwide. In the last decades, numerous studies have been published on the assessment of soil erosion and the related processes and forms using empirical, conceptual and physically based models. For the prediction of the spatial distribution, more and more sophisticated stochastic modelling approaches have been proposed – especially on smaller spatial scales such as river basins. In this work, we apply a maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) to evaluate badlands (calanchi) and rill–interrill (sheet erosion) areas in the Oltrepo Pavese (Northern Apennines, Italy). The aim of the work is to assess the important environmental predictors that influence calanchi and rill–interrill erosion at the regional scale. We used 13 topographic parameters derived from a 12 m digital elevation model (TanDEM-X) and data on the lithology and land use. Additional information about the vegetation is introduced through the normalized difference vegetation index based on remotely sensed data (ASTER images). The results are presented in the form of susceptibility maps showing the spatial distribution of the occurrence probability for calanchi and rill–interrill erosion. For the validation of the MaxEnt model results, a support vector machine approach was applied. The models show reliable results and highlight several locations of the study area that are potentially prone to future soil erosion. Thus, coping and mitigation strategies may be developed to prevent or fight the soil erosion phenomenon under consideration. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

香河地区光合有效辐射观测分析研究

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所香河大气综合观测实验站(39°47′N,116°57′E)2004年10月至2005年12月共15个月的太阳辐射观测资料,分析了该地区光合有效辐射与太阳总辐射比值的(PAR/Rs)日变化和季节变化特征,得出月平均PAR/Rs值变化范围在1.808~2.048μE.J-1之间,最大值出现在夏季,最小值出现在冬季,年平均值为1.948μE.J-1。提出了一个利用太阳总辐射观测值计算光合有效辐射瞬时值的参数化算式,用该算式计算得到的PAR与实际观测值的均方根误差为19.28μE.m-2.s-1,有96%的计算值与观测值偏差在±10%以内。比较了香河地区与太湖地区、额济纳地区光合有效辐射瞬时最大值、小时累积最大值及日累积最大值的差异。