海拉尔盆地乌尔逊、贝尔凹陷优质烃源岩特征

通过岩心观察和取样分析,对海拉尔盆地乌尔逊及贝尔凹陷优质烃源岩发育特征进行精细描述,并与普通烃源岩进行对比.研究表明:1)研究区优质烃源岩与砂岩纵向交互频繁,排烃效率高.优质烃源岩是在还原一强还原环境下沉积形成,而普通烃源岩是在氧化一弱氧化的环境下沉积形成;2)优质烃源岩有机质的赋存状态以层状富集为主,有机质呈平行或基...     

Hysteresis effects in geological CO2 sequestration processes: A case study on Aneth demonstration site,Utah, USA

Realistic models for saturation, capillary pressure and relative permeability s-pc-kr relations are essential for accurate predictions in multiphase flow simulations. The primary object of this work is to investigate their influence on geological CO2 sequestration processes. In this work, the hysteresis effects on simulation results predicting geological CO2 storage are investigated on a synthetic 2D model and a geological setting built according to Aneth demonstration site. Simulation results showed that hysteretic relative permeability model should be included while the residual trapping mechanism is under investigation. The effects of hysteresis and WAG schemes were studied with a series of numerical simulations on a geological setting based on Aneth site. Our simulations demonstrate that the hysteresis effect is strong on residual trapping mechanisms and there is no significant effects of alternative WAG schemes for long term residual trapping in our conceptual model. The effects of WAG schemes and hysteresis are weak on dissolution trapping mechanisms.     

高喜马拉雅晚新生代富铁火山岩的发现及其构造意义

本文首次报道了在藏南高喜马拉雅变质带新发现的一种特殊的晚新生代超基性富铁火山岩,主要由铁橄榄石、氧化铁、及富钾玻璃基质组成,铁橄榄石中含有少量自形铁尖晶石,玻璃基质中含有少量铁石榴石雏晶。岩石具玻基斑状结构,气孔构造发育,具有典型鬣刺构造。全岩成分具有强烈硅不饱和(全岩SiO_2含量为18.8%~29.7%)和极端富铁(全岩Fe2OT3含量为56.2%~74.2%)的特征。地球化学分析表明其大离子亲石元素Th和U等强烈富集,高场强元素Nb和Ta及Ti元素相对亏损,Sr元素具有明显的负异常,显示与板块消减俯冲有关的地球化学特征。该火山岩切割区域片麻理,说明其形成于碰撞后的陆内伸展环境,而其富铁和硅极不饱和的特征表示其有可能属于不混溶作用的产物,也可能属于后期热液蚀变作用,以及由富铁原岩在深部发生熔融并在伸展环境沿裂隙喷发而形成。该火山岩的K/Ar年龄介于4.76~7.25Ma,被熔浆包裹的围岩的磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)分析结果是2.04±0.21Ma,指示该火山岩可能是上新世-更新世喷发的(2～4Ma)。这些超基性富铁火山岩首次提供了高喜马拉雅构造带在新生代经历碰撞后发生伸展作用的火山岩证据,为认识青藏高原南部大地构造格局及其形成演化过程提供了新的依据。     

冰冻圈关键地区雪冰化学的时空分布及环境指示意义

采用雪冰常量化学元素示踪体系, 系统分析了冰冻圈关键地区的南极冰盖、北极格陵兰和北极中心地带、以及以青藏高原为中心的高亚洲地区现代降水(表层雪冰)化学的空间分布、季节变化特点. 研究表明, 两极和高亚洲地区雪冰化学反映了全球或局地大气环境本底:南极现代雪冰化学代表了南半球或全球本底, 北极格陵兰地区代表了北半球对流层中部本底, 青藏高原海拔5 000 m以上的高海拔地区雪冰化学则代表中纬度地区对流层中上部本底. 其中, 离子浓度在两极冰盖和喜马拉雅山高海拔地区接近, 而在青藏高原北部高海拔地区则高得多. 三个地区雪冰化学的季节分布特点是: 在南极冰盖, 海盐气溶胶的"丰"季形成雪层化学峰值, 在北极, 冬春季污染物(所谓"北极霾")和漂尘形成季节峰值, 在高亚洲, 主要是春季降尘形成明显污化层. 青藏高原上大风季节与干季重叠, 静风季节与湿季重叠, 决定了干湿沉积过程具有明显季节转换. 总之, 主要阴、阳离子在南、北极和高亚洲雪层中的时空分布揭示了大气气溶胶的源区和传输, 其形成过程与大尺度大气环流、季风和局地尘暴等事件密切相关.     

玛珥湖与过去全球变化研究

古气候变化突变事件和气候周期的发现将过去全球变化研究推进到了高分辨率的新阶段。玛珥湖在形成和保存高分辨率气候环境记录方面具有独特的优势,玛珥湖研究所取得的重要成果也显示了在过去全球变化研究方面的巨大潜力。简要回顾了玛珥湖的研究历史,从纹层、年代学、多学科多指标综合研究等方面概括了国际玛珥湖沉积与环境研究的若干进展,并介绍了我国在玛珥湖研究方面的发展情况。     

基于高维连续小波变换的地震资料不连续性检测方法研究

断层等不连续性结构的检测在地震勘探中具有重要的意义.本文简单介绍了高维连续小波变换的基本理论,包括:高维连续小波变换的定义、高维小波变换系数的切片以及快速实现方法等,利用典型的合成信号说明了高维连续小波变换具有更好的方向选择性(相比于常用的高维张量积小波变换),将高维连续小波变换引入地震资料不连续性检测,并提出了利用小尺度高维连续小波变换系数检测地震资料不连续性的方法,同时给出了方法的实现流程.合成信号以及实际三维地震数据处理效果验证了本文所提方法的有效性.     

Mesozoic granitic magmatism in extensional tectonics near the Mongolian border in China and its implications for crustal growth

The Yagan area of the southernmost Sino–Mongolian border is characterized by an extensional structure where a large metamorphic core complex (Yagan–Onch Hayrhan) and voluminous granitoids are exposed. New isotopic age data indicate that the granitoids, which were previously regarded as Paleozoic in age, were emplaced in early and late Mesozoic times. The early Mesozoic granitoids have 228±7 Ma U–Pb zircon age, and consist of linear mylonitic quartz monzonites and biotite monzogranites. Their chemical compositions are similar to those of potassic granites and shoshonitic series, and show an intraplate and post-collisional environment in tectonic discrimination diagrams. Their fabrics reveal that they experienced syn-emplacement extensional deformation. All these characteristics suggest that the adjustment, thinning and extensional deformation at middle to lower crustal levels might have occurred in the early Mesozoic. The late Mesozoic granitoids have a U–Pb zircon age of 135±2 Ma, and are made up of large elliptical granitic plutons. They are high-K calc-alkaline, and were forcefully emplaced in the dome extensional setting. Both the early and late Mesozoic granitoids have Nd (t) values of −2.3 to +5, in strong contrast with the negative Nd (t) values (−11) of the Precambrian host rocks. This suggests that juvenile mantle-derived components were involved in the formation of the granitoids. The similar situation is omnipresent in Central Asia. This study demonstrates that tectonic extension, magmatism and crustal growth are closely related, and that post-collisional and intraplate magmatism was probably a significant process for continental growth in the Phanerozoic.     

A reappraisal of the high-Ti and low-Ti classification of basalts and petrogenetic linkage between basalts and mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China

Based on published data, we reappraise the classification of high-Ti and low-Ti basalt from the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) and the correlations between basalts and mafic–ultramafic intrusions. Because of the lack of clear spatial and temporal variations of different types of basalts, we suggest that the basalts in the ELIP cannot be classified into high-Ti and low-Ti groups, by TiO₂ contents and/or Ti/Y ratios. The distinctive characteristics of these high-Ti and low-Ti lavas probably result largely from the different fractionating assemblages. Whether or not fractional crystallization of the Fe–Ti oxides occurred probably is the key factor that controls the Ti abundances and Ti/Y ratios in the residual melts, e.g., lavas, although the nature of the mantle sources, variable degrees of partial melting of mantle and crustal contamination also influence the geochemical signatures of the lavas. Therefore, neither Ti abundance nor Ti/Y ratios in basalts can reflect the nature of their mantle source. Moreover, the different types of mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the ELIP cannot simply be attributed to be genetically related special types of basalts, either high-Ti or low-Ti basalts. It is likely that they are merely the cumulus phases, i.e. chamber or conduit of the basaltic lavas. Hence, caution should be exercised in the use of high-Ti or low-Ti basalts as prospecting vectors for ore deposits in the region. Potential implications are proposed that both the Fe–V–Ti oxide and Cu–Ni–(PGE) sulfide mineralization in the ELIP intrusions is largely due to the variable differentiation and crustal contamination during magmatic processes.     

Production of high titania slag by Electro-Slag Crucible Melting (ESCM) process

In this research, ilmenite concentrate of Iran region successfully was smelted by Electro-Slag Crucible Melting (ESCM) process to produce TiO₂-rich slag as primary product and pig iron as by-product. Moreover, effects of reductant (carbon) amount and smelting time on TiO₂ and FeO content of slag and iron recovery were studied. It is found that addition of carbon excess to stoichiometric amount decreases the iron recovery and TiO₂ content in slag. If the smelting time keeps between 0 to 17 min, the TiO₂ content and iron recovery will be increased, whereas smelting time in excess of 17 min will cause products decline significantly. At optimum conditions, TiO₂ content in slag and the iron recovery are 70 wt.% and 84%, respectively. Kinetic studies proved that the reduction of equivalent FeO was first-order reaction. The studies made by X-ray diffraction analysis showed that formation of the titanium sub-oxides (Ti₃O₅ and Ti₂O₃) causes the decrease in iron recovery and TiO₂ content.     

Raman spectroscopic study of hydrous wadsleyite (β-Mg2SiO4) to 50 GPa

 Raman spectra of hydrous β-Mg₂SiO₄ (1.65 wt% H₂O) have been measured in a diamond-anvil cell with helium as a pressure-transmitting medium at room temperature to 50 GPa. We observe three OH-stretching modes, a doublet with components at 3329 and 3373 cm⁻¹, which decrease linearly with pressure, and a single mode at 3586 cm⁻¹, which remains nearly constant up to 24 GPa before decreasing at higher pressures. Assessment of the mode frequencies and their pressure dependence, together with previous results from X-ray and IR data, are consistent with protonation of the O1 site in agreement with previous studies. Strict assignment of Raman activity awaits detailed structural models. The nature of the protonation in wadsleyite may require more specific experimental probes for full solution of the hydrogen-site problem. Received: 18 July 2000 / Accepted: 22 November 2000