电扰动仪数据处理软件的设计和实现

使用Visual C++开发适用于高采样率电扰动仪的数据处理软件,可以对数据进行快速绘图、交互式预处理和初步分析,并具备简单的仪器运行统计功能,极大地提高了预处理和数据分析的效率。     

天津2011年秋冬季PM2.5组分特征及其对能见度的影响

利用2011年能见度、相对湿度、风速逐时观测资料和11月16日至12月13日期间颗粒物膜采样数据,分析天津市大气能见度与PM_2.5组分的关系。结果表明：天津颗粒物质量浓度与能见度变化总体呈负相关,PM_2.5和相对湿度对能见度的影响作用明显。能见度与颗粒物中TC质量浓度变化呈负相关,SO₄^2-,NO₃^-,OC和EC是影响大气能见度的主要组分,其中SO₄^2-浓度对能见度影响最大,其次为OC浓度、EC浓度,NO₃^-浓度对能见度的影响相对较小。后向轨迹和混合层高度分析表明,气象条件是造成PM_2.5质量浓度分布差异的重要原因。     

太原雾天能见度预报

利用中尺度数值预报模式MM5对山西省2009年发生的几场典型雾个例进行数值模拟。结果表明：模拟2 m温度比观测值偏低约2 ℃,相对湿度模拟结果比观测值偏大约15 %,10 m的模拟风速比观测的偏大0-2 m·s^-1。山西省雾的预报指标为20 m液态水含量大于等于0.13 g·kg^-1而小于0.60g·kg^-1、20-1500 m高度大气层存在逆温层、地面风速小于4 m·s^-1。利用太原测站日平均能见度、日平均相对湿度以及空气污染指数进行拟合建立太原能见度预报模型,并利用实测资料订正MM5、CAPPS模式预报误差,给出订正后的能见度预报方程并以两次实例对区域及太原雾天能见度预报表明该能见度预报模型有一定的适用性。     

基于CART决策树提取高分辨率遥感影像建筑物信息

传统的仅依赖于光谱信息的遥感影像信息提取方法难以满足精度要求, 基于CART算法构建规则集, 利用决策树技术对玉树地区高分辨率影像进行建筑物信息提取, 除了光谱信息外还结合建筑物的纹理特征信息。 结果表明, 提取精度较传统的最大似然法有了较明显的提高, 说明此方法对于高分辨率影像建筑物提取具有一定的可行性。     

高分辨率遥感影像道路震害的快速提取

震后及时获取道路受灾信息, 进行交通通行能力分析, 是抗震救灾的关键之一。 传统的利用遥感技术提取震害信息的方法普遍存在效率低的问题, 影响地震应急的时效性。 本文提出针对特定传感器影像的经验训练参数, 结合面向对象分类, 按照预处理、 影像分类、 震害识别这一流程实现道路震害的快速提取。 实验结果表明, 保障提取效果在一定精度范围内的情况下, 提取速度有明显提高, 有较高的实用意义。     

应用CT技术研究瘦煤在不同温度下孔隙变化特征

应用µCT225kvFCB型高精度(µm级)CT试验分析系统,对直径1 mm的瘦煤从18 ℃到600 ℃高温下的热破裂过程进行了显微CT观测和分析.发现了瘦煤的热破裂规律:300 ℃煤样中大量小的孔隙贯通成大的孔隙团,因此瘦煤的热破裂阈值在300 ℃附近,从常温到300 ℃煤样的孔隙率增加了0.5倍左右.研究了煤样在100~600 ℃范围内热破裂孔隙分布的分形规律,研究发现:从100 ℃到600 ℃,煤样的分形维数D随温度升高呈现先减小、后增加的趋势.孔隙的演化规律:由初始较规则的小孔隙变形,过渡到大量较规则、小孔隙贯通成不规则的大的孔隙团,之后孔隙团缩合减小趋于规则.分布初值的对数随温度升高呈现先降低后增加的趋势;从18 ℃到600 ℃孔隙数量的演化规律为先减小后增加.     

Effects of forest gaps on some microclimate variables in Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest

The objective of this study was to understand the effects of forest gap and variations in different seasons, gap size, locations and diurnal variations on forest microclimate and soil water content. Spatial and temporal distribution features of air temperature (TA ), soil temperature (TS ), relative humidity (h) and soil water content (Ψ) were measured in Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest gaps created by a severe typhoon or fallen dead trees. The results showed that: (1) the variations of TA , h, and TS in four seasons were extremely significant. The variations of Ψ in four seasons were extremely significant except for those between spring and summer. (2) The diurnal variations of TA and T S were expressed with a single peak curve. The diurnal variations of h and Ψ presented a high-low-high trend. (3) The variations of TA , h, and TS were extremely significant among the large, medium and small gaps in C. kawakamii natural forest. Medium gaps had the highest TA and the lowest h while small gaps were just contrary to medium gaps. The variations of Ψ were extremely significant for large, medium and small gaps except those between the medium and large gaps. (4) The TA , h, TS and Ψ were decreased from the gap center, canopy gap, expanded gap to understory. These results will help further our understanding of the abiotic and consequent biotic responses to gaps in the mid-subtropical broadleaved forests, which also provide a theoretical basis for the scientific management and population restoration of C. kawakamii natural forest.     

Social and ecological constraints on decision making by transhumant pastoralists: a case study from the Moroccan Atlas Mountains

Transhumant pastoralism is an important activity in southern Morocco. Migration pattern of transhumant pastoralists can be affected by physical factors (e.g. droughts and diseases) or socioeconomic factors (e.g. schooling options for children and migration costs). We studied the spatio-temporal rangeland usage of the three tribes Ait Mgoun, Ait Zekri, and Ait Toumert in the south-central Atlas region with a two-fold approach. First, we tracked the migration movements of one representative transhumant herd using the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS) collars, which record coordinates from satellite signals. Second, we interviewed herders to obtain information about general grazing practices of the respective tribe and to gain more direct information on motivations underlying decisions. For each tribe we observed small-, medium- and large-scale movements. We found that the most important drivers of migration decisions were seasonal fodder availability and weather conditions in combination with herd-specific risk and cost assessment, as well as personal factors. In conclusion, general migration patterns vary in time, both between and within the tribes, but according to a regulatory framework. Moreover, it appears that both the customary rules and its flexible adaptation to physical constraints are generally beneficial in terms of conservation of the arid and semiarid rangeland resources.     

高密度电阻率法在胶东地区工程勘察中的应用

高密度电阻率法具有一次布线、连续测量、数据采集量大、地质信息丰富,成果可信度高等优点,通过控制测量电极的距离来提高分辨率,加大有效勘察深度,提高观测精度,可有效地解决工程勘察中遇到的各种地质问题,相对其他物探方法具有无法比拟的优势。     

高密度电阻率法在平阴县岩溶地质灾害调查中的应用

平阴县地处泰山山脉西延余脉与鲁西平原的过渡地带,地势南高北低,中部隆起,属浅切割构造剥蚀低山丘陵区。其县城及周边岩溶较发育,给当地居民住宅及生产生活造成一定影响。为查明岩溶地质灾害塌陷等造成的不良影响,利用高密度电阻率法圈定地下岩溶、溶洞等不良地质体的分布范围及第四系的大致厚度,应用效果较好。