多源数据融合技术及其在地质矿产调查中应用

针对地质矿产调查的特点,介绍了多源数据融合技术的概念、基本方法,总结归纳了其在地质矿产调查中工作流程、实施步骤、注意事项,分析了多源数据融合技术在地质矿产调查中的应用意义。结合新疆黑山岭东南一带1：50000区域地质矿产调查项目,采用多源数据融合技术,在构造信息和矿化蚀变信息提取中,对遥感图像数据和地质、地球物理、地球化学数据进行了融合处理和叠合显示,取得了较好的地质效果。     

生态地球化学预测预警若干问题探讨

回顾了生态地球化学危害效应的作用机理,提出了区域地球化学调查-地球化学环境监测-机理研究相结合的生态地球化学预测预警基本思路。根据当前中国多目标区域地球化学调查和生态地球化学评价工作的现状,举例说明了土壤重金属元素累积、土壤环境变化、生态效应机理的若干研究方法,提出了预测预警成果体现的若干建议。     

滇东北DD1井五峰组—龙马溪组地层界线划分及沉积环境演变

DD1井上奥陶统临湘组泥灰岩之上发育大套粉砂质泥岩,笔石化石缺乏,也未发现观音桥段含赫南特贝灰岩标志层,O-S界线通过生物地层和岩石地层方法难以确定.微量、稀土元素分析表明,粉砂质泥岩中部(1288.3 m)的Th、Sr、Y、Th/U以及Cen、Eun、δCe、δEu曲线均呈现尖锐的异常峰,该处∑REE含量显著高于上下...     

我国科学数据共享现状的调查

本文是科学数据共享政策法规体系研究系列文章的收笔之作.撰写本文的目的,就是为说明科学数据共享政策法规体系的研究是建立在大量的基础调研之上.调查研究是谋事之基、成事之道.从实践中寻求解决现实问题的方法,才能制定出切实可行的政策、法规,调查研究是制定政策、法规的客观依据.为使制订政策、 规章制度适应社会经济发展和变化的新情况,就深入开展调查研究,认真听取各方面的意见,深入研究相应的管理规律和运行机制.本文详述了调查过程、调查方法,以佐证政策法规研究不能脱离实际.     

新疆蛇绿岩带的分布、特征及研究新进展

新疆位于亚洲大陆的北部,构造上跨越了古亚洲和特提斯两大构造域,现今主要由中新生代盆地和其间的古生代造山带组成。古生代造山带主要由陆缘岩系和岩浆岩组成,其中夹有洋壳残片和前寒武结晶基底的碎块;洋壳残片从北向南大致分布12条,其中出露较集中的约30多处。这些蛇绿岩,以塔里木盆地为界,北部主要为古亚洲洋的洋壳残片,南部主要为特提斯洋的洋壳残片。在介绍其基本特征的同时,本文侧重报道了近年来新疆区域地质调查的一些成果。     

台湾海峡西部海域沉积体系、地层架构与油气勘探前景

基于台湾海峡西部新采集的高分辨率二维地震资料及钻井数据,结合区域地质资料和前人研究成果,建立台湾海峡西部高精度等时地层格架,在此基础上厘定了地质年代属性和沉积相特征分析。研究表明第四纪地层识别出6个三级层序界面,对应地划分为5个三级层序。研究区地震相主要有席状平行—亚平行地震相、前积地震相、下切谷充填地震相、充填状低连续地震相和充填状杂乱地震相等,不同的地震相及其组合代表特定的沉积体系。通过以上分析可知研究区新生代主要发育于海陆过渡地带,主要发育冲积/洪积平原相和滨岸平原相,在此基础上分析沉积演化特征,为台湾海峡西部海域进行精细勘探提供地质依据,这对将来的油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。     

Simulation of quasi-linear mesoscale convective systems in northern China: Lightning activities and storm structure

Two intense quasi-linear mesoscale convective systems(QLMCSs) in northern China were simulated using the WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting) model and the 3D-Var(three-dimensional variational) analysis system of the ARPS(Advanced Regional Prediction System) model.A new method in which the lightning density is calculated using both the precipitation and non-precipitation ice mass was developed to reveal the relationship between the lightning activities and QLMCS structures.Results indicate that,compared with calculating the results using two previous methods,the lightning density calculated using the new method presented in this study is in better accordance with observations.Based on the calculated lightning densities using the new method,it was found that most lightning activity was initiated on the right side and at the front of the QLMCSs,where the surface wind field converged intensely.The CAPE was much stronger ahead of the southeastward progressing QLMCS than to the back it,and their lightning events mainly occurred in regions with a large gradient of CAPE.Comparisons between lightning and non-lightning regions indicated that lightning regions featured more intense ascending motion than non-lightning regions;the vertical ranges of maximum reflectivity between lightning and non-lightning regions were very different;and the ice mixing ratio featured no significant differences between the lightning and non-lightning regions.     

中国大陆科学探井岩性的VSP地震特征分析

中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)井位于苏鲁超高压变质带南部,地处郯庐断裂东侧的东海县境内。VSP地震勘探为CCSD多学科研究内容之一,利用数字地震仪(HF300)和多级三分量数字检波器(GeoChain)对探井进行了VSP测量。结合VSP勘探结果和CCSD探井5000 m岩性资料,分析了井中岩性分段特征、超高压变质岩的地震响应特征和vp/vs比值特征,取得了若干具有科学意义的结论:(1)以榴辉岩的分布和组合特征进行的岩性分段比较合理,每段的VSP速度和测井密度等特征和岩性分布具有很好的一致性。(2)榴辉岩与片麻岩界面以及剪切带均可形成强反射,正/副片麻岩界面也可产生明显反射,透镜状和条带状岩体的反射同相轴呈现不同程度的弯曲,剪切带的反射同相轴连续性好。(3)榴辉岩以高波速(6.3 km/s)、低vp/vs值(1.2)和波组强而稀疏为特征,副片麻岩以较高波速(6.1 km/s)、高vp/vs值(1.8)和波组较稀疏为特征,正片麻岩以较低波速(5.8 km/s)、中等vp/vs值(1.5)和波组较密集为特征,而剪切带以强反射、vp/vs值最高(2.2)为特征,而且不论剪切带出现在哪种岩性中其vp/vs值都很高。该研究成果不但揭示了变质带的地震响应特征,同时为二维或三维地面地震解释提供科学依据,减少解释分析中的多解性和不确定性,能够有效地提高中国大陆科学钻探孔区地质构造解释的可信度,为其他学科研究提供依据。     

Tourmalinites from the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina

In the eastern Sierras Pampeanas, Central Argentina, tourmalinites and coticules are found in close association with stratabound scheelite deposits in metamorphic terranes. In Sierra Grande (Agua de Ramón and Ambul districts) and Sierra de Altautina, tourmalinites are associated with stratabound scheelite deposits related to orthoamphibolites. In the Pampa del Tamboreo area, tourmalinites are located in biotite schists stratigraphically related to acid to intermediate metavolcanic rocks and scheelite-bearing quartzites.The mineral chemistry and boron isotopic compositions of tourmalinite-hosted and vein-hosted tourmalines are investigated. Overall, the tourmalines belong to the dravite-schorl series and are generally aluminous; Fe/(Fe+Mg) ranges from 0.33 to 0.85, Al/(Al+Fe+Mg) from 0.66 to 0.76 and the amount of X-site vacancy (0.12–0.48) indicates significant foitite components. Their boron isotopic compositions (δ¹¹B) are from −24.0‰ to−15.0‰.Similar mineral chemistries and boron isotopic values for tourmaline in tourmalinites related to stratabound scheelite mineralisation and in tungsten-bearing quartz veins suggest a common source for the boron and probably the tungsten. The field, chemical and isotopic relationships are consistent with tungsten and boron in quartz-vein deposits being remobilised from stratabound scheelite and tourmalinite, dominantly by liquid-state transfer associated with regional shear zones. Tungsten and boron in the original sedimentary sequence (now meta-exhalites) are ascribed to volcanogenic exhalations.