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31.
There has been a long-standing debate concerning how dangerous seismic surveys are with respect to marine life. Marine seismic
work today is dominated by airgun technology, where high energy is generated by a release of compressed air into the water.
The objective of the “Time coded impulse seismic technique” project is to examine whether a new low energy acoustic source
can be used for seismic purposes. If the method turns out to be successful, the low output energy and continuous operation
will make the source suitable in environmental sensitive areas. The Low level Acoustic Combustion Source (LACS) is a petrol
driven pulsed underwater acoustic source. It operates at a few meters depth, and each shot can be digitally controlled from
the surface by a computer located in the mother vessel. A presentation of the recorded LACS signal characteristics, the modulation,
the Pseudo Noise coding/decoding principles and field test results, is given. The importance of using an optimized code with
fine resolution and of using the near field recording as a correlator sequence is demonstrated. Clear correlation peaks could
then be seen from the bottom and sub bottom reflectors. 相似文献
32.
Andreas Goldschmidt-Rokita Knut J. F. Hansch Hans B. Hirschleber Takaya Iwasaki Toshihiko Kanazawa Hideki Shimamura Markvard A. Sellevoll 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1994,16(3):201-224
The Cenozoic margins of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea offer ideal conditions for passive margin studies. A series of structural elements, first observed on these margins, led to the concept of volcanic passive margins. Questions still remain about the development of such features and the location of the boundary between oceanic and continental crust. Despite the thin sediment cover of the margins, seismic reflection data are not able to image the deeper structures due to the occurrence of igneous rocks at shallow depth.This paper presents a 320-km long profile perpendicular to the strike of the main structural units of the Lofoten Margin in Northern Norway. A geological model is proposed, based on observations made with ocean bottom seismographs, which recorded seismic refraction data and wide angle reflections, along with a seismic reflection profile covering the same area. Ray-tracing was used to calculate a geophysical model from the shelf area into the Lofoten basin. The structures typical of a volcanic passive margin were found, showing that the Lofoten Margin was influenced by increased volcanic activity during its evolution. The ocean/continent transition is located in a 30-km wide zone landwards of the Vøring Plateau escarpment.The whole margin is underlain by a possibly underplated, high velocity layer. Evidence for a pre-rift sediment basin landwards of the escarpment, overlain by basalt flows, was seen. These structural features, related to extensive volcanism on the Lofoten Margin, are not as distinct as further south along the Norwegian Margin. Viewed in the light of the hot-spot theory of White and McKenzie (1989) the Lofoten Margin can be interpreted as a transitional type between volcanic and non-volcanic passive margin. 相似文献
33.
34.
扎赉诺尔煤业集团铁北矿勘探区目的层埋藏浅,地表条件复杂,成孔困难,很难到达激发层位,反射波能量及高频成分衰减大,对地震资料的信嗓比和分辨率降低。为此,经多次试验,在野外数据采集中采用合理的观测系统及相应的技术措施,资料处理和资料解释方法、流程得当,在勘探区钻孔资料少的情况下,保证了目的层速度场反演的准确性,取得了较好的地质效果。经矿井和生产实际验证,三维地震资料的精度较高。 相似文献
35.
Dynamite shots of the crustal-scale refraction seismic project ALP 2002 were recorded by an array of 40 seismological three-component stations on the TRANSALP profile. These observations provide a direct link between the two deep seismic projects. We report preliminary results obtained from these data. In a first approach, we verified the TRANSALP refraction seismic velocity model computing travel times for several shots and comparing them to the new observations. The results generally confirm this model. Significant first-break travel time differences in and near the Tauern Window are explained by anisotropy. Large-scale features of the model, particularly the Moho structure, seem to be continuous towards the east. Travel time residuals of wide-angle reflections indicate a slight eastward dip component of the Adriatic Moho. 相似文献
36.
We present finite difference forward models of elastic wave propagation through laterally heterogeneous upper oceanic crust. The finite difference formulation is a 2-D solution to the elastic wave equation for heterogeneous media and implicitly calculatesP andSV propagation, compressional to shear conversion, interference effects and interface phenomena. Random velocity perturbations with Gaussian and self-similar autocorrelation functions and different correlation lengths (a) are presented which show different characteristics of secondary scattering. Heterogeneities scatter primary energy into secondary body waves and secondary Stoneley waves along the water-solid interface. The presence of a water-solid interface in the model allows for the existence of secondary Stoneley waves which account for much of the seafloor noise seen in the synthetic seismograms for the laterally heterogeneous models.Random incoherent secondary scattering generally increases aska (wavenumber,k, and correlation length,a) approaches one. Deterministic secondary scattering from larger heterogeneities is the dominant effect in the models aska increases above one. Secondary scattering also shows up as incoherence in the primary traces of the seisograms when compared to the laterally homogeneous case. Cross-correlation analysis of the initialP-diving wave arrival shows that, in general, the correlation between traces decreases aska approaches one. Also, because many different wave types exist for these marine models, the correlation between traces is range dependent, even for the laterally homogeneous case. 相似文献
37.
N. Sundararajan Y. Srinivas M. Narasimha Chary G. Nandakumar A. Hanmantha Chary 《Journal of Earth System Science》2004,113(3):259-267
The contacts associated with an outlier in biotite gneiss and sandstones near Tiruvuru, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh which
are generally favourable for groundwater occurrence were investigated employing refraction seismic method. Results were examined
by correlating the signals with local geology, bore well data and other available information in order to improve the reliability
of interpretation 相似文献
38.
Maria Sachpazi Mireille Laigle Nikos Roussos 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,216(3):243-257
Continental extension is forming the Gulf of Corinth across the strike of earlier Alpine evolution. Here, we present the first deep reflection sections with pre-stack depth-migration processing across the deep basin of the Corinth active rift, which image structures unpredicted by current models. Resolving the infill as a pile of layers that are broken by faults allows one to follow their subsidence and deformation history. Variation among the profiles suggests that southern normal faults control the rift in a time progression from the east towards its western tip. On the central, Derveni-Itea transect, a 3-km widening of the basin accrued since the initiation of this control that is marked by an unconformity between the two main sedimentary units. This is estimated to have occurred 0.5-0.6 Myr ago, assuming the glacio-eustatic sea-level changes have controlled the stratigraphy of sediments deposited as a succession of layers on the subsiding hangingwall, as they did on the southern footwall in forming the famous flight of marine terraces of Corinth. A roll-over anticline and crestal collapse graben are diagnostic of the control by a normal fault of dip varying with depth. The deeper low-angle part of this bi-planar fault is indeed imaged as a reflector in the basement. The occurrence of the collapse with a breakaway at the steep southern basin-bounding fault of the hangingwall slab can be estimated 0.12-0.2 Myr ago, with a marked increase in extension rate that brought it to its present fastest value over 10 mm/yr. The low-angle part of the active fault might also have controlled earlier evolution upslope and in the basin. When compared with inferences from earthquake studies, this low-angle active fault may not appear to be seismogenic but may participate to the seismic cycle, possibly in a conditionally stable regime. Active faults seen as sea-bottom scarps merely accommodate deformation of its subsiding hangingwall. The footwall of the low-angle faults, which current seismicity shows to be in extension, appears then as being pulled out from beneath the rift, in a motion towards the rolling-back slab that causes the Hellenic subduction retreat. 相似文献
39.
40.
During the evolution of continents, compressive tectonic phases can leave certain tectonic patterns in the lithosphere to be observed by reflection seismology. Also, in the area of the trans-European suture zone (TESZ) in the Baltic Sea, several relatively short, but occasionally strong, compressive phases have left their marks in the lithosphere in form of characteristic fault and thrust zones in the rigid parts of crust and mantle, especially clear and well investigated in some sediment troughs. At depth, interwedging processes seem to be generated by colliding tectonic units with different rheology, creating bi-vergent fault structures, possibly—but not necessarily—initiated by a previous subduction of intervening oceanic lithosphere. Near the surface, reactivation and inversion of previous faults are very selective. Transpressional processes and the reduced friction inside the faults are suggested to play a major role. It is assumed that the transfer of plate boundary stressed over long distances is performed mainly through the thick and rigid mantle lid, not through the thin, rigid, and heterogeneous upper crust. This assumption involves mechanisms of a vertical transfer of stresses from the mantle into the inversion area, and some signs of such a process are seen around the Tornquist Zone (TZ). Several examples of compressive transfer of stresses are shown. 相似文献