Macrofauna along the Sudanese Red Sea coast: potential effect of mangrove clearance on community and trophic structure

Mangroves along the Sudanese Red Sea coast are under constant anthropogenic pressure. To better understand the influence of mangrove clearance on the intertidal benthic community, we investigated the composition, biodiversity and standing stock of the macrofauna communities at high‐, mid‐ and low‐water levels in three contrasting habitats: a bare sand flat, a cleared mangrove and an intact mangrove. In addition, a community‐wide metric approach based on taxon‐specific carbon and nitrogen isotope values was used to compare the trophic structure between the three habitats. The habitats differed significantly in terms of macrofaunal standing stock, community composition and trophic structure. The high‐ and mid‐water levels of the intact mangroves showed a distinct macrofaunal community characterized by elevated densities and biomass, largely governed by higher decapod and gastropod abundances. Diversity was similar for cleared and intact mangroves, but much lower for the bare sand flat. Community‐wide metrics indicated highest trophic diversity and community niche breadth in the intact mangroves. Differences between the cleared and intact mangroves can be partly attributed to differences in sediment characteristics resulting from mangrove clearance. These results suggest a significant impact of mangrove clearance on the macrofaunal community and trophic structure. This study calls for further investigations and management actions to protect and restore these habitats, and ensure the survival of this ecologically valuable coastal ecosystem.     

渤海西部2次赤潮过程的气象因子对比分析

利用加密自动站资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料、海表温度(SST)资料和常规观测资料等气象资料,对2009年5月31日—6月13日和2012年5月18—28日发生在渤海西部海域的2场相似气象因子影响下的典型高影响赤潮过程进行了对比分析。初步结果表明:(1)2场高影响赤潮过程都发生在春末夏初的赤潮高发期,持续时间在10天以上;(2)赤潮爆发前期,伴随有暖湿气流影响形成适度降水,渤海西部的周平均海表温度(SST)升温明显,且SST≥16.2℃,赤潮发生海域为SST的暖脊控制,对赤潮过程的潜势预报有明显的指示意义;(3)850 h Pa以下层次的温度迅速上升,近地层西南暖湿气流的加强和地面6 m/s以下偏南、东南气流在渤海西部海域的汇合,利于渤海西部海洋浮游生物积聚和突发性繁殖,是赤潮形成的重要气象因子特征。     

海南岛早白垩世红层磁组构和古地磁新结果

海南岛白垩纪红层是迄今产出古地磁结果最多的地层,但古地磁结果难以在海南岛周边古地磁结果和地质限制条件下作出合理解释.为了更好地认识海南岛白垩纪红层古地磁方向的可靠性,我们对采自前人工作地区的14个采点132个样品开展了古地磁和磁组构的综合研究.磁化率各向异性测试显示14个采点样品平均各向异性度为1.018,线理度为1....     

红河断裂带闭锁程度和滑动亏损分布特征研究

利用1999~2013年青藏高原东南缘的GPS速度场观测数据,采用DEFNODE程序反演红河断裂带走滑速率、三维闭锁程度和滑动亏损分布。反演结果表明:红河断裂带北、中、南段右旋走滑速率分别约为(5.9±1.2)mm/a,(4.8±0.6)mm/a和(4.3±0.4)mm/a,在地表以下6km的闭锁程度分别为0.43,0.22和0.25,其滑动亏损速率分别为3.3mm/a,2.6mm/a和2.3mm/a,红河断裂带闭锁程度和应变积累程度都比较低,与近年来红河断裂带整体活动微弱的现状相吻合。     

壳聚糖/蒙脱土插层复合物对活性红染料的吸附热力学研究

采用溶液插层法,利用壳聚糖和蒙脱土制备了壳聚糖/蒙脱土插层复合物,使用红外光谱和X-射线衍射分析对其结构进行了表征;以此复合物为活性红染料RR136的吸附剂,考察了复合物中壳聚糖与蒙脱土的摩尔比、染料溶液pH值和浓度、吸附温度及吸附剂用量等因素对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,吸附反应的最佳条件是以壳聚糖与蒙脱土摩尔比为5∶1的插层复合物为吸附剂,反应温度20℃,RR136溶液pH为3。壳聚糖/蒙脱土插层复合物对活性红染料的吸附更符合Langmuir模型,吸附热力学参数ΔGo、ΔHo和ΔSo值分别为-3.338kJ·mol-1(30℃),-37.98kJ·mol-1和-114.77J·mol-1·K-1,表明壳聚糖/蒙脱土插层复合物对活性红染料的吸附是自发的、以物理吸附为主的放热反应。     

Cenozoic high-K alkaline magmatism and associated Cu–Mo–Au mineralization in the Jinping–Fan Si Pan region,southeastern Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone,southwestern China–northwestern Vietnam

The Jinping–Fan Si Pan (JFP) Cenozoic magmatic and Cu–Mo–Au metallogenic belt in the southeastern part of the Ailao Shan shear zone host the Tongchang, Chang′an, Habo, and Chinh Sang Cu–Mo–Au deposits. These deposits form an integrated epithermal-porphyry regional mineralization system associated with 40–32 Ma high-K alkaline magmatism. The magmatic rocks in the belt have relatively low TiO₂ (<0.73 wt%), P₂O₅ (<0.29 wt%), and FeO^* (<4.99 wt%), and high Na₂O (2.86–4.75 wt%) and K₂O (4.01–7.98 wt%). They also have high contents of incompatible trace elements, and are enriched in LILE (Rb, Ba, K, Sr) and LREE. They have marked Nb, Ta, Ti and P depletion in primitive mantle-normalized spidergrams, and plot close to the EMII mantle field in the Sr–Nd isotopic diagram. These characteristics are similar to those of the Eocene high-K alkaline rocks along the northern Ailao Shan belt, eastern Tibet plateau. The sulfur and lead isotope analyses of sulfide minerals from both the ores and related magmatic rocks confirm the involvement of a magmatic ore fluid. The Cenozoic alkaline intrusions and Cu–Mo–Au mineralization in the JFP were formed prior to the initiation of left-lateral shearing along the Ailao Shan shear zone. The magmas appear to have been derived from enriched mantle, possibly with mixing of materials from the buried Tethyan oceanic lithosphere, and/or crust.     

On the Red Rectangle optical emission bands

We have observed the Red Rectangle nebula with the Multi-Object Spectrograph on the WIYN telescope. Moderate-resolution spectra (Δ λ =0.4 Å) in the region of 5800 Å were obtained in 3-arcsec apertures at over 50 positions in the nebula. Accurate and precise wavelength calibrations were obtained against a thorium–argon lamp and the sodium lines in the sky and nebula. The peak position and full width at half-maximum of the 5800-Å Red Rectangle band (RRB) were measured to beyond 15 arcsec from the star. The shortest wavelength of the band is found to be 5799.10±0.15 Å in the rest frame of the nebula. None of the emission bands has intensity coincident with the wavelength of the diffuse interstellar band (DIB) at 5797.11±0.05 Å. The 2-Å offset cannot be explained by an instrumental, spectroscopic or photophysical effect. The hypothesis that the same molecule may be the carrier of the RRB and the DIB is contradicted by these observations. As a further test of the hypothesis, absorption has been sought that would be due to a potential DIB carrier in the nebula. Tentative evidence for absorption is found in the RRB spectra taken within 9 arcsec of the star; but any absorption has a peak position essentially coincident in wavelength with the band maximum of the emission band.     

湖北武汉地区志留系下红层的古鱼类化石及其生物古地理意义*

依据在湖北武汉古姆山志留系浅海红层中新发现的古鱼类化石,确证了兰多维列统特列奇阶下部红层——志留系下红层在鄂东南地区广泛存在,并在前人工作基础上对武汉地区原坟头组进行了重新厘定,将其一分为二,上部仍为坟头组,下部则称清水组。新厘定后的坟头组以黄绿色、灰绿色、灰黄色泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩为主,富含腕足类、双壳类、腹足类、三叶虫和遗迹化石; 清水组下部以紫红色、红褐色泥岩、泥质粉砂岩为主,夹少量石英砂岩,上部以紫红色、黄绿色石英砂岩为主,夹泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩。在清水组上部新发现的鱼类化石包括盔甲鱼类锅顶山汉阳鱼(Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis)、意外洪山鱼(Hongshanaspis inexpectatus)、后棘江夏鱼(Jiangxialepis retrospina)及软骨鱼类中华棘鱼(Sinacanthus)、新中华棘鱼(Neosinacanthus)。这些新发现的古鱼均为张家界脊椎动物群温塘鱼类化石组合中的成员,其中,后棘江夏鱼可以跟产自江西武宁地区下红层清水组中的九江江夏鱼(J. jiujiangensis)直接对比,二者同属于真盔甲鱼目曙鱼科江夏鱼属,而曙鱼科成员则可以作为志留系下红层的标志性分子。根据鱼群面貌和地层层序,武汉地区的志留系下红层可以与皖、苏地区的侯家塘组、浙西北地区的唐家坞组、赣西北地区的清水组、湘西北地区的溶溪组以及新疆塔里木地区的塔塔埃尔塔格组进行很好的对比,其时代为志留纪兰多维列世特列奇期早期。华南板块志留系下红层的分布特征表明, 在特列奇期早期,上、下扬子海之间存在一狭长的浅海区域,这为盔甲鱼类在湖北武汉和江西武宁两地之间的扩散与交流提供了便利条件和可能。     

哀牢山—红河剪切带新生代热史演化及其构造意义

笔者等通过对哀牢山—红河剪切带5件砂岩磷灰石样品裂变径迹分析,获得测试分析样品的表观年龄,对所有样品利用模拟退火法进行了热史模拟,取得其热演化史;得出哀牢山—红河剪切带在新生代发生了相似的构造演化过程,其经历了2次快速冷却剥露事件,分别发生在37～14 Ma和5. 1～0 Ma,平均冷却速率分别为3. 98℃/Ma和11. 15℃/Ma;在发生快速冷却的时间上,存在自东向西逐渐变晚的趋势,说明哀牢山—红河剪切带在新生代可能为自东向西的幕式隆升。     

晚中新世-上新世黄土高原佳县红粘土剖面碳同位素记录与C4植被演化

新生代C4植被开始扩张的年代、过程和驱动机制是全球古气候变化研究的焦点问题.中国黄土高原的黄土-红粘土剖面保存了连续的古生态演化记录,是研究这一关键科学问题的理想载体.本文选择黄土高原北部佳县厚达64m的红粘土剖面(8.2～2.7Ma),对190个层位的次生方解石矿物进行了无机碳同位素测试,由此分析了晚中新世-上新世末的C4植被扩张和演化过程.C4植被持续增长与全球冰盖的扩张基本一致,表明气候变冷很可能导致了黄土高原区域气候的干旱化与降雨季节性的增强.C4植被的扩张存在明显的3个阶段,分别以6.6Ma和3.6Ma为界限,每一次扩张增加10％左右,暗示了全球性的构造事件对黄土高原植被演化的控制.此外,佳县红粘土剖面呈现10次持续时间为10 ～ 20万年的碳同位素正漂移事件,平均每40万年发生一次,说明40万年轨道周期也控制着C4植被的演化.