中强地震平静是汶川8.0级地震前最显著的地震活动异常

本文对四川地区1923年以来5.0级以上地震资料进行了分析研究。 结果表明, 研究区中强地震经历了4个较为完整的周期活动, 中强地震具有16年的准周期活动特征, 平静期持续5年左右, 从2008年汶川8.0级地震开始, 研究区将进入第5个活动周期, 其可能的持续时间为2024年前后。 2008年汶川8.0级地震前, 5.0～5.9级、 6.0～6.9级、 7.0～8.0级三个档次的地震事件的平静间隔均达到统计时段的历史之最, 三个档次地震的平静均被汶川8.0级地震直接打破, 中强地震超长平静是汶川8.0级地震前最为显著的异常现象。     

围岩稳定性评价的投影寻踪权重-属性区间识别模型

围岩的稳定性评价是一个复杂的不确定系统问题。采用粒子群算法优化投影寻踪方法,并结合属性区间识别理论,建立了围岩稳定性评价的投影寻踪权重-属性区间识别模型。选取5个围岩稳定性影响因子作为评价指标,通过构造属性测度区间函数计算单指标属性测度区间,利用基于粒子群优化的投影寻踪确定各评价指标的权重以计算综合属性测度区间,应用置信度准则和评分准则对围岩的稳定性进行属性识别。实例研究表明,该模型能有效的解决围岩稳定性评价问题,且评价结果科学可靠;评价模型采用投影寻踪确定权重,避免了权重确定中的主观性和随意性,保证了评价工作的客观性和准确性。     

Simulation of summer storms of differing recurrence intervals in a semiarid environment using a kinematic routing scheme

A kinematic flood routing procedure has been devised for a small dendritic headwater gully network on the Western slope of Colorado. the program is spatially-distributed, incorporating lateral inflows from 103 field sites on the network for which channel geometry variables are known. This model, in which a lateral inflow algorithm for the sideslopes between each channel site is convoluted into a Freeze-type (1978) numerical scheme, is fully developed in this paper. Although the field basis of the lateral inflow algorithm has been tested elsewhere (Faulkner, 1990), sensitivity tests were needed for the roughness and hillslope velocity estimates used in the routing procedure. After these successful tests, a suitably precalibrated run of the model was compared with a field-monitored runoff event on the watershed, and results again were encouraging. However, peak attentuation downstream was more pronounced in reality than on the simulation, so the model was also modified by inclusion of allowances for transmission loss. the tendency that the model had displayed for peak size attenuation downstream was considerably enhanced. Using the model, the geomorphic role of the flashfloods which affect the watershed in the summer months is briefly considered by applying the model to existing records of local summer storm rainfall events as a basis for event simulation. These simulations show that downstream attenuation of the flood wave on concave networks in steep semiarid terrain was likely to be a common occurrence, possibly resulting in down-net deposition and differences in geomorphic behaviour between upstream and downstream sites. the discussion is finally broadened to consider the relative importance of ‘common’ as compared to ‘freak’ watershed events in maintaining these differences.     

不同采样率对GPS原始相位观测值周跳探测方法的影响及其效果比较

在GPS精密定位中，载波相位观测值周跳探测和修复的好坏程度将直接影响定位结果的精度，特别是实时动态定位（RTK）。当接收机采用不同采样率时，由于相位观测值所组成的序列函数收敛性将发生变化，各种周跳探测方法的能力也将发生改变。综述了几种常规的周跳探测方法，并对其特点与局限性进行了分析，然后对构造出的周跳检验量进行了比较，在此基础上通过大量算例探讨了在不同采样率下其探测周跳的能力和适用度，最后得出了一些有益的结论。     

华北地区未来强震概率统计分析

应用泊松模型的极值分布对华北地区的地震活动趋势进行估计和分析，结果表明，2008年前华北地区发生6级以上地震的危险性较大；2005年地震活动短期内可能还会持续目前较弱的态势，但未来1～2年内华北地区地震活动很有可能明显增强。     

400余米深单孔波速测试体会

介绍了测试400余米深井效果情况。实践表明了采取一定措施单孔检层法测试PS波可以突破百米的禁界,使此项技术推向更广泛的应用领域。     

三峡库区库岸滑坡抗滑桩设计的几个关键问题

水库滑坡(变形体)防治工程研究是三峡库区地质灾害防治工作的重心和难点问题.依据抗滑桩优化设计工作中各重要环节的工作内容,对滑带土强度参数的选择,抗滑桩位置和设计推力、抗滑桩间距、锚固段长度的确定等影响抗滑桩优化设计的关键技术问题进行了讨论,提出解决这些问题的方法.     

On Definition of Geograghic Variable Scaling

IntroductionThe map is a basic form of geographic informationvisualization[1]. To provide space attributes or geo-graphic orders is the basic function of a map. Incartography, according to the different measure ofphenomenal quantitative attribute, four fo…     

The Holocene Activity Evidence of the Yema River-Daxue Mountain Fault in Western Qilian Mountain

Altyn Tagh fault controls the deformation characteristics of the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The sinistral slip rate of the eastern segment of the fault reduces gradually where the reduction transforms into the deformation within Qilian Mountain,forming a series of thrust faults and strike-slip faults.Among them,the Yema River-Daxue Mountain fault is one of the important structural transform faults in the study area.Based on the differences of the geometrical characteristics and activities,the fault is divided into four segments,the Yema River segment,the Shibandun segment,the Liushapo segment and the Baishitougou segment,among which the former three are Holocene active faults,and the Baishitougou segment belongs to late Pleistocene fault.The excavated trenches imply a total of 6 paleoearthquake events,and at least 4 events have occurred during Holocene,whose occurrence times are 8300±700 yr BP,6605±140 yr BP,4540±350 yr BP,2098±47 yr BP,respectively.The recurrence interval is 2600±600 yr BP that is close to the lapsed time of the last one,2098±47 yr BP,which suggests that the Yema River-Daxue Mountain fault is in a high risk of major earthquakes in the future.The vertical coseismic displacements of the four Holocene paleoearthquake events are 100 cm,42 cm,40 cm and 50 cm,respectively,the horizontal coseismic displacements are 5 m,4.5-5.5 m,5-8 m and 4-5.5 m,separately,and then the reference magnitude of the paleoearthquake events is conjectured to be M7.6±0.1.