基于ARX模型的地震资料提频方法

地层对地震波的吸收效应是限制地震数据分辨率的主要原因之一,其机制、估计与补偿对提高地震资料的分辨率具有重要意义。文中基于ARX模型,针对地层吸收过程进行逆向建模,将实际地面地震资料与井资料、井间地震资料分别作为模型的输入与输出,从而得到模型结构参数,建立地层吸收过程的逆向模型以进行高频信息补偿,达到地震资料的提频目的。对实际地震资料的处理结果表明,该方法可将主频提高10~15 Hz,频带拓宽8~10 Hz。在保侍原资料基本特征的同时,有效提高了地面地震资料的纵向分辨率。     

关于用生态工艺解决矿山环境污染问题的探讨

面对我们生存环境日趋恶化的现状,加快对矿山污染问题的解决已成当务之急。本文从提高对环境、生态系统的认识入手,提出用生态工艺解决矿山污染工作的办法。采矿、选矿使用生态工艺（闭路循环工艺）,使矿业活动的固体废弃物──围岩、废矿石、尾矿石建鱼鳞坑、梯田埂。实现“环境补偿”,从而提高了环境的自净能力,使矿业得以持续稳定地发展。     

Coupled Reactive Transport Modeling of Redox Processes in a Nitrate-Polluted Sandy Aquifer

The reactive transport modeling of a complicated suite of reactions apparent in the aquifer during the application of N-containing fertilizers is reported. The unconfined sandy aquifer can be subdivided into an oxic zone which contains groundwater with oxygen and nitrate and an anoxic zone characterized by elevated iron and sulfate concentrations in groundwater. Oxygen and nitrate are being reduced by pyrite and organic matter that commonly apparent in the aquifer. The oxidation of pyrite is modeled using the local equilibrium approach, whereas decomposition of organic matter, with the adoption of kinetic approach. The system is buffered by dissolution of aluminum and iron oxides. The modeling process is a two-step procedure. First, the processes are modeled in the one-dimensional (1D) column using PHREEQC code. Subsequently, the calibrated and verified data were copied and used in two-dimensional (2D) PHAST model. Prior to the performance of reactive transport modeling operations with PHAST, a reliable flow model was executed. Finally, predictions are made for the distribution of water chemistry for the year 2008. Model predicts that sulfate derived from the ongoing pyrite oxidation is reduced by the dissolved organic carbon at the higher depth and forms pyrite by the reaction with iron. The results of this study highlight the importance of understanding the interplay between the transport and chemical reactions that occur during the input of nitrate to the aquifer. Reactive transport modeling incorporating the use of a newly developed code PHAST have proved to be a powerful tool for analyzing and quantifying such interactions.     

Shallow erosion beneath turbidity currents and its impact on the architectural development of turbidite sheet systems

Erosion by turbidity currents changes the morphology of the sea floor. The relief of the scoured surface may affect the dynamics of the flow and thereby the pattern of deposition; this could, in turn, affect flow and deposition patterns in subsequent events. This study investigates shallow, centimetre to decimetre scale erosion beneath turbidite sheet sandstones of the Oligocene Macigno Formation of North‐west Italy, where erosion and deposition are variably coupled at the bed scale in a net‐aggradational setting. The research focus was on: (i) the recognition of scour edges and erosive surfaces; (ii) quantification of spatial differences in the amount of erosion; and (iii) an investigation of how this differential erosion can be compensated by the deposits directly overlying the erosional surfaces. Where they can be observed, scour edges commonly have sills of the overlying sandstone intruding beneath blocks and wings of the substrate that is being eroded. A consequence of this de‐laminating scouring style is that erosional surfaces are bedding parallel when followed away from the scour edges, giving the appearance of normal conformable bed bases. Despite their cryptic nature, such bedding‐parallel scour surfaces can be recognized by comparing serial detailed sedimentary logs (here, 16 bed‐parallel scour surfaces were identified in a succession comprising 95 beds). Different styles of compensation by the overlying turbidite beds are defined based on differential sedimentation inside and outside of the scour relief. It is found that differential erosion is on average under‐compensated by differential sedimentation. In some cases, the overlying deposits anti‐compensate, being thinner at the location where more erosion has occurred. Unequal spatial distribution of differential erosion in the study area combines with sedimentary under‐compensation to result in a trend of accumulating section thickness differences over multiple beds. In one ca 25 m thick package, the maximum cumulative change in lateral gradient during some 20 events reached 0·17°, before being reset by a single event. This process can be interpreted either as a lobe compensation effect, or as a scour enhancement effect, depending on the orientation of the palaeohorizontal datum. If allowed to proceed, the latter process could force the system past a channellization threshold, prompting a change from sheet to channelled architecture. This type of shallow substrate scouring and differential deposition is likely to be an important process in the build‐up of sheet turbidite sandstone units and could play a major role in autocyclic adjustment of local sea‐floor gradients.     

基于Hartley变换的归一化总梯度法

归一化总梯度法对下半空间的重力总梯度模进行归一化计算,从而利用极值来获得地质体的分布,但现有计算方法存在计算精度较低的问题,并且计算结果不太稳定。本文采用Hartley变换,并引入新的余弦滤波因子,实现重力归一化总梯度,来压制高频干扰;此外,针对计算过程中下延深度越大干扰越严重的弊端,将余弦滤波因子的幂次设计为随深度变化的函数,从而获得更加稳定的计算结果。模型试验和在玲珑金矿区采空区的实际数据结果表明,所提出的重力归一化总梯度法具有计算速度快、精度高、稳定性强等优点。     

一种简易快速的时域地震波衰减补偿算法

针对地震波的能量随着传播时间的增加而递减,提出了一种时间补偿方法。通过调试与传播时间有关的两个可调参数进行地震波振幅补偿。模型试验证实了该方法可以有效地补偿能量的损失,而且在地层中地震波振幅衰减与品质因子Q值有关时,其中的一个可调参数可以用另一个可调参数和Q值来表示。也就是说,本文方法同样是一种反Q滤波方法。     

钻杆接头表面高功率CO_2激光硬化行为的研究

利用正交试验法研究了高功率ＣＯ２激光工艺参数对钻杆接头表面硬化效果的影响，利用显微硬度计测定了硬化层硬度的分布规律及组织特征，采用计算机回归处理分析得出了Ｐ、Ｄ、Ｖ、Ｅ对硬化层面积大小因子ｈ·ｂ影响的表达式。研究结果为高功率ＣＯ２激光强化钻杆接头提供了一定的依据     

Crustal structure under the central High Atlas Mountains (Morocco) from geological and gravity data

Seismic wide angle and receiver function results together with geological data have been used as constraints to build a gravity-based crustal model of the central High Atlas of Morocco. Integration of a newly acquired set of gravity values with public data allowed us to undertake 2–2.5D gravity modelling along two profiles that cross the entire mountain chain. Modelling suggests moderate crustal thickening, and a general state of Airy isostatic undercompensation. Localized thickening appears restricted to the vicinity of a north-dipping crustal-scale thrust fault, that offsets the Moho discontinuity and defines a small crustal root which accounts for the minimum Bouguer gravity anomaly values. Gravity modelling indicates that this root has a northeasterly strike, slightly oblique to the ENE general orientation of the High Atlas belt. A consequence of the obliquity between the High Atlas borders and its internal and deep structure is the lack of correlation between Bouguer gravity anomaly values and topography. Active buckling affecting the crust, a highly elevated asthenosphere, or a combination of both are addressed as side mechanisms that help to maintain the high elevations of the Atlas mountains.     

地震成像技术在松辽盆地北部深层的应用研究

松辽盆地北部某地区深部地层倾角较陡,地下构造复杂,以叠加为基础的叠后时间偏移成像模糊。通过对深层复杂地质叠前时间偏移成像关键技术的研究,提出了综合建模静校正方法,以克服处理中出现的长波长静校正问题及连片处理中闭合差问题,并有针对性地采用了叠前噪声压制技术、球面扩散补偿、地表一致性振幅补偿及剩余振幅补偿技术、多域统计地表一致性反褶积技术和Kirchhoff叠前偏移算法。结果表明,采用上述组合地震数据处理技术,可有效提高松辽北部深层复杂地质体的偏移成像质量,为准确识别其火山岩储层和火山岩气藏圈闭提供可靠的技术支撑。     

边坡工程中压力分散型锚索施工技术

压力分散型锚索是一种新型单孔复合锚固体系,其在同一锚索孔中设置多个单元锚索,各单元锚索具有各自不同的自由长度和锚固长度,并通过预先的补偿张拉,使锚索的集中拉力分成为多个较小且荷载数值相等的分散压力分别作用于各单元锚索的锚固段上。结合330国道K17＋440～695段路基边坡治理的工程实践,论述了压力分散型预应力锚索的施工工艺以及在施工及工程运行管理中应注意的一些要点。