Special issue introduction: New research directions and critical perspectives on diaspora strategies

As more countries acknowledge the potential resources represented by their emigrant populations, the diaspora strategies of migrant sending countries are gaining policy and academic attention internationally. ‘Diaspora strategies’ describe initiatives aimed at mobilising emigrants for the purposes of economic development and/or nation building. This special issue in Geoforum identifies new research directions for the study of diaspora strategies. While extant scholarship has focused on state-driven diaspora strategies so far, this special issue introduction suggests that considering a wider range of social actors that engage in diaspora strategising across different spaces and scales will reveal new and productive insights for the study of diaspora strategies. Framing this introduction is an approach that deploys topological analyses as a way of keeping in view the variety of social actors involved in diaspora strategising, their connections to one another, and an evolving constellation of power relations ranging from contestation to collaboration. The special issue introduction draws attention to, first, the subjectivities constituted by diaspora strategies; second, the array of social actors found within webs of diaspora connections; and third, the ethical considerations arising from the power geometries of diaspora engagement. In so doing, it argues for the importance of studying diaspora formations dialogically which means deploying an analytical lens that is attentive to how the actions of different social actors and institutions from one country towards a diaspora population can influence the attitudes and actions of that diaspora towards another country that also claims their loyalty and contributions.     

导航接收机功率控制参数优化与性能分析

随着卫星导航接收机设计的越发复杂和先进,接收机功耗越来越高,对以电池供电为主的接收机来说是一个限制问题。功率控制技术是导航接收机实现低功耗行之有效的方法。对基本功率控制技术中的关键参数时间参数进行了优化分析,利用对锁相环进行暂态响应分析的方法,得出了最优的时间参数选取,同时进一步分析了功率控制对接收机性能的影响情况,为接收机在低功耗和性能之间的选择提供了参考。本文的结论可以直接指导接收机的功率控制设计。     

有限导电内核的驱动方式对发电机模型的影响

本文以两种绝缘内核的发电机为基准,设置内核电导率与外核相同,选择了以固定速度超速旋转和在外核驱动下发生旋转的两种内核旋转模式,比较分析不同模型间的能量差异、磁场强度、磁雷诺数、磁极翻转频率和四个类地发电机参数.结果表明:对于弱偶极子发电机模型,有限导电内核的引入会对其偶极子强度的相对变化量造成较大影响,最高达103.00%;由外核驱动旋转的有限导电内核模型对于本文其他目标研究量所带来的影响比较小,均小于5%;而固定旋转速度的有限导电内核的模型对磁极翻转频率、赤道对称性和纬向性均存在较明显影响,最大变化量达124.62%.综合本文所选用的发电机模型的特征和数值分析结果,可以发现虽然由外核驱动旋转的有限导电内核模型其转速不可控且存在较大波动,但各物理量变化量与实际内核与外核的能量比更为接近,因此可以推断其驱动机制较自驱动模式更为合理可靠.     

海底定向技术:原理、结构与应用

海底定向测量技术可为海底观测、原位探测和沉积物取样等海洋地质与地球物理调查提供高精度姿态方位信息,进而拓展海洋科学与工程研究领域.本文系统介绍了自主研发海底磁方位仪的工作原理、技术方法.系统误差分析表明,海底磁方位仪的定向精度与其安装环境中的软磁材料对测点位置地球磁场干扰的情况密切相关.本文针对性的提出一套可行的磁补偿试验方法,有效地消除安装环境中软磁材料对整机定向精度的影响.实际案例和典型应用的分析研究表明,在无电器设备的情况下,整机系统定向精度小于1°.而有电器的设备环境中,定向精度在3~5°范围左右,可满足目前海洋地学调查中对方位信息的测量需求.     

Modeling the spatiotemporal dynamics of electric power consumption in Mainland China using saturation-corrected DMSP/OLS nighttime stable light data

Obtaining timely and accurate data on the spatiotemporal dynamics of electric power consumption (EPC) is crucial for the effective utilization of electric power in China. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime stable light (NSL) data have good potential for estimating EPC effectively at large scales. However, saturated lighted pixels contained within the NSL data limit the accuracy of EPC estimation. We developed a new method to correct the saturated lighted pixels, using the SPOT VEGETATION (SPOT/VGT) 10-day synthesis product (S10) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data and then modeled the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC in Mainland China from 2000 to 2008. The results demonstrated the reliability of our approach with an average R value of 0.93 (P<0.001) and an average relative error of ?28.92%. EPC in Mainland China showed an average annual growth rate of 13.46% during the study period from 1198.23 billion kWh in 2000 to 3290.51 billion kWh in 2008. EPC in Mainland China also showed clear regional variation. Northern coastal China and eastern coastal China consumed 37.61% of the total EPC in Mainland China, with only 25.96% of the population and 6.11% of the area.     

Actuator dynamics compensation based on upper bound delay for real‐time hybrid simulation

Real‐time hybrid simulation represents a powerful technique capable of evaluating the structural dynamic performance by combining the physical simulation of a complex and rate‐dependent portion of a structure with the numerical simulation of the remaining portion of the same structure. Initially, this paper shows how the stability of real‐time hybrid simulation with time delay depends both on compensation techniques and on time integration methods. In particular, even when time delay is exactly known, some combinations of numerical integration and displacement prediction schemes may reduce the response stability with conventional compensation methods and lead to unconditional instability in the worst cases. Therefore, to deal with the inaccuracy of prediction and the uncertainty of delay estimation, a nearly exact compensation scheme is proposed, in which the displacement is compensated by means of an upper bound delay and the desired displacement is picked out by an optimal process. Finally, the advantages of the proposed scheme over conventional delay compensation techniques are shown through numerical simulation and actual tests. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Relationship between bedload and suspended sediment in the sand-bed Exu River,in the semi-arid region of Brazil

Abstract

Suspended sediment and bedload discharges in sand-bed rivers shape semi-arid landscapes and impact sediment delivery from these landscapes, but are still incompletely understood. Suspended sediment and bedload fluxes of the intermittent Exu River, Brazil, were sampled by direct measurements. The highest suspended sediment concentration observed was 4847.4 mg L^-1 and this value was possibly associated with the entrainment of sediment that was deposited in the preceding year. The bedload flux was well related to the stream power and the river efficiently transported all available bedload with a mean rate of 0.0047 kg m^-1 s^-1, and the percentage of bedload to suspended sediment varied between 4 and 12.72. The bed sediment of Exu River was prone to entrainment and showed a proclivity for transport. Thus, sand-bed and gravel-bed rivers of arid environments seem to exhibit the same mobility in the absence of armour layer.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor B. Touaibia

Citation Cantalice, J.R.B., Cunha Filho, M., Stosic, B.D., Piscoya, V.C., Guerra, S.M.S., and Singh, V.P., 2013. Relationship between bedload and suspended sediment in the sand-bed Exu River, in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (8), 1789–1802.     

基于ARX模型的地震资料提频方法

地层对地震波的吸收效应是限制地震数据分辨率的主要原因之一,其机制、估计与补偿对提高地震资料的分辨率具有重要意义。文中基于ARX模型,针对地层吸收过程进行逆向建模,将实际地面地震资料与井资料、井间地震资料分别作为模型的输入与输出,从而得到模型结构参数,建立地层吸收过程的逆向模型以进行高频信息补偿,达到地震资料的提频目的。对实际地震资料的处理结果表明,该方法可将主频提高10~15 Hz,频带拓宽8~10 Hz。在保侍原资料基本特征的同时,有效提高了地面地震资料的纵向分辨率。     

GPＲ 探测电力工程地埋管线的技术方法

在电力工程地埋管线探测中,GPＲ 是一种行之有效的方法。为提高管线探测的精度,降低工程施工风险,笔者从探地雷达野外数据采集开始,详细探讨了探地雷达应用于管线探测时的数据采集方法 ( 包括测线的布设、干扰因素的避让等) 和室内后续数据处理的策略。针对管线探测这一目标,采用预测反褶积技术压制多次波和非线性颜色分级的剖面显示方式是提高数据解释精度的关键,并结合电力隧道地下管线探测实例验证了本文所提方法的有效性。     

一种基于机载激光点云的门型电塔精确提取方法

随着无人机技术的发展,越来越多的电力部门采用机载激光雷达及倾斜摄影测量技术代替传统的人工方法,进行电力巡检、电力部件检修等工作。门型电塔为目前电力走廊中比较常见的一种高压电塔。在无数据标签的电网点云数据中,对门型电塔进行精确点云提取是门型电塔日常维护的重要工作。本文从包含有地面、植被、电力线、门型电塔的电网点云数据入手,首先对点云进行体素化分割,对体素网格进行高程连续与高程阈值的筛选,并对电塔顶部进行扩展搜索,达到去除地面点及植被点的目的。然后根据门型电塔水平投影成条状的特点,利用门型电塔的圆柱杆塔部分得到门型电塔的水平投影直线,再通过距离阈值判断去除点云中多余的电力线点。本文介绍的方法实现了从无标签的电网点云数据中对门型电塔的精确提取,为进一步进行门型电塔的三维建模、维护检修等工作提供了数据基础。