基于ADRC的涡轴发动机／直升机子系统抗扰控制

主要研究涡轴发动机转速抗扰控制问题,提出了一种基于自抗扰控制技术（ADRC,Adaptive Disturbance Rejection Contr01）的涡轴发动机增量型串级抗扰控制器设计方法．一方面,采用串级控制结构,内环控制块模态的燃气涡轮转速,外环控制功率涡轮转速,使得内环扰动得到快速抑制．另一方面,每个子回路中通过扩张状态量观测实时地对被控对象内环进行扰动补偿．最后,基于直升机／发动机非线性综合仿真模型的数字仿真表明该控制方法显著改善了涡轴发动机功率跟随特性,提升了直升机／涡轴发动机综合闭环系统的可操控极限．     

油田开发的生态经济补偿核算方法研究——基于吉林省乾安大情字井油田的实证研究

油田生态经济补偿机制的建立,是缓解油田开发与生态环境之间矛盾的重要途径之一.基于机会成本法等方法,引入经济学理论中的经济系数,建立油田生态经济补偿模型.以吉林省乾安大情字井油田为例,地区生态经济补偿应为182.95元/t,占石油价格的4.8%,反映该地区油田开发外部不经济的成本,属于油田开发单位可接受范围,同时基本可以...     

中山市农村就地城市化特征和动力机制研究

改革开放30年以来,中国沿海地区经济社会发展取得了明显的成就,农村工业化和农村城镇化进程在加快,农村在经历着由传统农村,在经历过农村工业化和城市化后,逐步走向城乡一体化和城乡融合的农村就地城市化。本文以中山市为例,分析其农村就地城市化的典型特征和动力机制。研究发现：不同发展阶段的农村其就地城市化特征差异较大;中山市就地城市化发展主要是通过产业转型升级机制、基础设施建设带动机制、外向经济带动机制、公众参与机制和体制制度推阻机制等综合机制共同作用形成的,但每种机制在中山市不同的发展阶段所起的带动作用或主导机制是存在演进更替的,其动力贡献度存在此消彼涨的关系。     

南海波浪能资源与其他清洁能源的优缺点比较研究

基于前人和自己已有的工作,将南海的波浪能资源与其他各种清洁能源的优缺点进行比较,为清洁能源的开发与利用提供参考．通过比较发现：南海具有较为丰富的、适宜开发的波浪能资源,且南海也属于中国太阳能资源和风能资源较丰富的地区,在南海实行海浪发电为主,波浪能、太阳能和风能联合发电,必将具有广阔的前景．     

山东黄河滩区概况及政策补偿探讨

简要介绍了黄河下游山东滩区的基本情况,认为存在的主要问题是滩区安全建设滞后、受淹群众无经济补偿和经济发展相对落后等。提出滩区安全建设措施和滩区实行滞洪区补偿、事前风险规避、事后经济补偿、长期补助、后期扶持等补偿政策思路,以期实现滩区经济可持续发展。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Women, Work, and Ideology in the Third World . Haleh Afshar, ed. The Birth of the National Park Service. The Founding Years 1913–33 . Horace M. Albright Theatres of Accumulation: Studies in Asian and Latin American Urbanization . Warwick Armstrong and T.G. McGee. New Tools for Social Scientists, Advances and Applications in Research Methods . William D. Berry and Michael S. Lewis -Beck , eds . Uncertain Dimensions: Western Overseas Empires in the Twentieth Century . Raymond F. Betts. Geography of Sugar Cane . Helmut Blume. The Mines of Neptune: Minerals and Metals from the Sea . Elisabeth Mann Borgese. Geographical Dimensions of Energy . F.J. Calzonetti and B.D. Solomon, eds. Statistical Methods for Geographers . W. A. V. Clark and P. L. Hosking. In The Wake of Columbus, Islands and Controversy . John DeVorsey, Jr., and John Parker, eds. Housing, States and Localities . Peter Dickens, Simon Duncan, Mark Goodwin and Fred Gray. Physician Location and Specialty Choice . Richard L. Ernst and Donald E. Yett. Practical Ecology for Geography and Biology: Survey, Mapping, and Data Analysis . D.D. Gilbertson , M. Kent and F.B. Pyatt Large Scale Water Transfers: Emerging Environmental and Social Experiences . Genady N. Golubev and Asit K. Biswas, eds. The Nature of the Environment . Andrew Goudie. Planning for Population Change . W.T.S. Gould and R. Lawton. The Niger and its Neighbors: Environmental History and Hydrobiology. Human Use and Health Hazards of the Major West African Rivers . A.T. Grove, ed. Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow . Dorothy K. Hall and Jaroslav Martinec. Atlas of Antebellum Southern Agriculture . Sam Bowers Hilliard. Galilee Divided; The Israel-Lebanon Frontier, 1916-1984 . Frederic C. Hor . Plains Country Towns . John C. Hudson. Agricultural Geography: A Social and Economic Analysis . Brian W. Ilbery. Industry in the 1980s: Structural Change and Interdependence . U.N. Industrial Development Organization. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States . Kenneth T. Jackson. The Industrial Geography of Italy . Russell King. Studies in Linguistic Geography: The Dialects of English in Britain and Ireland . John M. Kirk, Stewart Sanderson, J.D.A. Widdowson, eds. Tourism: A Community Approach . Peter E. Murphy. Cities and Services: The Geography of Collective Consumption . Steven Pinch. An Historical Geography of Europe 1800–1914 . Norman J. G. Pounds. An Introduction to Human Ecology Research on Agricultural Systems in Southeast Asia . A. Terry Rambo and Percy E. Sajise, eds. Discovering Past Landscapes . Michael Reed, ed. Managing the Ocean: Resources, Research, Law . Jacques G. Richardson, ed. Carta fitosociologica de la transecta botanica de la Patagonia Austral . F.A. Roig , Juan Anchorema , Orlando Dollenz , A.M. Faggi and Eduardo Mandez Intermetropolitan Migration in Canada: Changing Determinants over Three Decades . R. Paul Shaw. Chinese Cities—The Growth of the Metropolis since 1949 . Victor F. Sit, ed. Urbanization in the World-Economy . Michael Timberlake, ed. The Al Business: Commercial Uses of Artificial Intelligence . Patrick H. Winston and Karen A. Prendergast, eds.     

Comparative assessment of three approaches for deriving stream power plots along long profiles in the upper Hunter River catchment, New South Wales, Australia

The downstream distribution of stream power is derived and analysed for 11 different streams in the upper Hunter River catchment, Australia. Stream long profiles were produced in a GIS environment using DEM data and catchment area–discharge analysis. These profiles were analysed using three approaches, namely long profile smoothing, curve fitting and a theoretical model. The methodology for deriving stream power profiles using these three approaches is discussed. The long profile smoothing method provides a good approximation of the subcatchment variability in stream power trends. The curve fitting method shows that higher-order exponential curves provide a better fit for long profile data. For the streams of the upper Hunter River catchment, second-order exponential curves fit well with significantly less error. The curve fitting method predicts a bimodal (upstream and midstream) distribution of stream power, which is a deviation from our earlier understanding of a single midstream peak. The theoretical approach provides a mathematical expression of the observed bimodal stream power distribution. The bimodal distribution emphasises the erosion potential of headwater reaches. The resultant stream power distribution provides a catchment-scale characterisation of the distribution of available energy in any given system. Using these approaches, the variability of stream power in headwater reaches is explained by discharge variability, while variability in midstream and downstream reaches is related to high variability in channel gradient.     

Is a chaotic multi‐fractal approach for rainfall possible?

An Erratum has been published for this article in Hydrological Processes 15 (12) 2001, 2381–2382. Applications of the ideas gained from fractal theory to characterize rainfall have been one of the most exciting areas of research in recent times. The studies conducted thus far have nearly unanimously yielded positive evidence regarding the existence of fractal behaviour in rainfall. The studies also revealed the insufficiency of the mono‐fractal approaches to characterizing the rainfall process in time and space and, hence, the necessity for multi‐fractal approaches. The assumption behind multi‐fractal approaches for rainfall is that the variability of the rainfall process could be directly modelled as a stochastic (or random) turbulent cascade process, since such stochastic cascade processes were found to generically yield multi‐fractals. However, it has been observed recently that multi‐fractal approaches might provide positive evidence of a multi‐fractal nature not only in stochastic processes but also in, for example, chaotic processes. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the presence of both chaotic and fractal behaviours in the rainfall process to consider the possibility of using a chaotic multi‐fractal approach for rainfall characterization. For this purpose, daily rainfall data observed at the Leaf River basin in Mississippi are studied, and only temporal analysis is carried out. The autocorrelation function, the power spectrum, the empirical probability distribution function, and the statistical moment scaling function are used as indicators to investigate the presence of fractal, whereas the presence of chaos is investigated by employing the correlation dimension method. The results from the fractal identification methods indicate that the rainfall data exhibit multi‐fractal behaviour. The correlation dimension method yields a low dimension, suggesting the presence of chaotic behaviour. The existence of both multi‐fractal and chaotic behaviours in the rainfall data suggests the possibility of a chaotic multi‐fractal approach for rainfall characterization. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

月球激光测距的新技术方法研究

月球激光测距是国内外所瞩目的宏伟目标 ,代表着单光子探测技术的高峰。本论文的目的是探索提高激光测月回波光子数的新方法 ,进而增加激光测月成功的几率。其思路是源于一个新的想法 :在激光测月过程中引入大气波前倾斜量实时补偿的技术。首先介绍激光测月的现状和其难度所在 :回波光子数太少 ,基本上属于亚光子探测范畴。在现有技术条件下 ,本文对影响激光测月回波光子数的因素逐一进行分析讨论 ,提出应该把激光束截面能量分布和大气湍流效应包括进去。为此分析讨论了大气湍流和大气中光场的基本统计性质、激光束在大气中传输时所受大气湍流的影响以及大气湍流对激光测距的影响 ,得出大气湍流特别对激光测月有着明显影响的结论。在此基础上对传统的激光测距方程进行了修正 ,使其应用到激光测月时更符合真实的情况 ,从而指导补偿的进行。涉及到在激光测月中对受大气湍流而畸变的激光束进行补偿 ,本文抓住重点 ,通过分析看出对大气倾斜量的实时补偿是提高激光测月回波光子数的重要因素。结合激光测月以及云南天文台现有测距系统的实际情况 ,本文独创性地提出利用激光测月目标近旁一定大小区域的扩展面源探测与计算大气倾斜量 ,然后对激光测月中的激光束进行大气倾斜量实时补偿的新技术方法。在分析比较