安徽铜陵姚家岭锌金多金属矿床成岩成矿年代学研究

姚家岭锌金多金属矿床位于铜陵断隆区与繁昌断凹区的过渡部位,是长江中下游成矿带新近发现的大型锌金多金属矿床,也是铜陵矿集区中迄今发现的首例大型锌金多金属矿床。在详细野外地质工作及室内研究的基础上,对姚家岭矿床花岗闪长斑岩体开展了LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年工作,获得206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为141.4±1.7Ma(MSWD=0.78,n=19),代表成岩年龄;选取了该矿床金属矿物辉钼矿进行Re-Os同位素测年,获得模式年龄范围为141.2±2.1Ma~141.6±2.7Ma,平均年龄为141.4±2.4Ma,可代表热液成矿作用的时代,与成岩年龄一致。姚家岭锌金多金属矿床为早白垩世早期岩浆热液作用形成的,是铜陵断隆区燕山期大规模成矿作用的产物,铜陵断隆区具有进一步寻找锌金矿床的有利前景。     

西藏罗布莎不同类型铬铁矿的特征及成因模式讨论

蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中产出的豆荚状铬铁矿是铬的主要来源。已有的研究表明,豆荚状铬铁矿形成于洋中脊或俯冲带的浅部地幔环境。但随着近些年在豆荚状铬铁矿及围岩地幔橄榄岩中不断发现金刚石等深部矿物,人们也开始质疑豆荚状铬铁矿的浅部成因理论。本文系统研究了西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带东段的罗布莎豆荚状铬铁矿床,识别出两类铬铁矿,一类以方辉橄榄岩为围岩的致密块状铬铁矿(Cr1#),另一类是以纯橄岩壳为围岩的浸染状铬铁矿(Cr2#)。两类铬铁矿在铬尖晶石的矿物化学成分、PGE和Re-Os同位素特征上存在较大差别,属不同演化过程的结果。地幔橄榄岩的地球化学特征指示罗布莎橄榄岩中存在由低铬且轻稀土亏损和高铬且轻稀土富集的两类方辉橄榄岩。在此基础上,提出豆荚状铬铁矿为多阶段形成的新认识,经历了早期俯冲至地幔过渡带(410~660km)的陆壳和洋壳物质被脱水和肢解,过渡带产生的热和流体促成了地幔的熔融和Cr的释放和汇聚;铬铁矿浆在地幔柱/地幔对流驱动下,运移至过渡带顶部冷凝固结,并有强还原性的流体进入,后者携带了深部形成的金刚石、斯石英等高压矿物,并进入"塑性-半塑性地幔橄榄岩"中;随着物质向上移动,深度降低,早期超高压相矿物发生相变,如斯石英转变成柯石英,高压相的铬铁矿中出溶成柯石英和单斜辉石;在侵位过程和俯冲带环境,含水熔体与方辉橄榄岩反应形成了不含超高压矿物的规模相对较小的浸染状铬铁矿(Cr2#)及纯橄岩壳。     

澜沧江构造带南段变质岩系锆石U-Pb年代学及构造涵义

澜沧江构造带南段的古老变质岩系因临沧花岗岩基的大面积出露而呈零星分散状出露,该地区是否存在前寒武纪结晶基底和变质岩系的精确时代以及澜沧江构造带变质岩系的变质时限等问题还不是很清楚。本文以变质岩系为研究对象,挑选出锆石颗粒进行U-Pb SHRIMP定年,获得锆石核部U-Pb年龄是1802Ma、1404Ma、1092Ma、906~961Ma、812Ma和727~623Ma,时代为古元古代、中元古代和新元古代,揭示研究区存在前寒武纪的结晶基底,三叠纪(~230Ma)发育区域性岩浆作用事件,破坏改造了其结晶基底;昌宁-耈街剖面近澜沧江岸边花岗质片麻岩的锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为73.9±1.8Ma(MSWD=1.3,N=6),记录澜沧江构造带变质岩经历了晚白垩世变质事件。综合研究认为澜沧江构造带南段存在区域性前寒武纪结晶基底,构造带中昌宁段之变质岩系的变质时间为晚白垩世(85~74Ma),并一直持续到36Ma,约32Ma之后构造带发生走滑运动,变质事件明显早于走滑运动事件。     

辽宁鞍本地区铁矿床黄铁矿和辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年及其地质意义

本文利用Re-Os同位素体系(ICP-MS方法)对1件辉钼矿和10件黄铁矿样品进行定年。1件辉钼矿的ReOs模式年龄为(2376±37)Ma,10件黄铁矿获得了3组Re-Os年龄:1(2567±36)Ma~(2540±37)Ma(模式年龄);2(2237±112)Ma(模式年龄);3(1572±140)Ma(等时线年龄)。(2376±37)Ma的辉钼矿形成于古元古代,是目前中国已知最老的辉钼矿年龄之一,其成矿物质来自地壳,(2237±112)Ma的黄铁矿属于热液成因,其成矿物质来自地壳,(2376±37)Ma~(2237±112)Ma的Re-Os年龄代表了一次重要的热液改造事件;(2567±36)Ma~(2540±37)Ma的黄铁矿是原始沉积形成的,是目前中国已知最老的黄铁矿年龄,该年龄代表了2.5Ga形成BIF的地质事件;(1572±140)Ma的黄铁矿形成于中元古代,具有明显的壳源特征,该年龄代表了一次较晚期的热液改造事件。这些年龄为确定鞍本地区铁矿的热液活动时间提供了新的重要证据,对深入认识区域成矿规律和探讨地质构造演化具有重要意义。     

内蒙古八大关斑岩型铜钼矿床形成时代与成因分析

八大关铜钼矿床是内蒙古德尔布干成矿带中段的一个典型斑岩型矿床,绢英岩化、青磐岩化等蚀变分带明显,矿体呈条带状赋存于印支期石英闪长岩中。笔者通过运用Re-Os同位素年代学、元素地球化学以及硫同位素等测试手段,初步分析了该矿床的成矿过程。辉钼矿Re-Os同位素加权平均模式年龄为(226.7±2.4)Ma,表明该矿床形成于晚三叠世早期;元素地球化学分析显示含矿岩体属于中钾含量的钙碱性岩石系列,为I型花岗岩,产于火山弧构造环境,具有活动板块边缘的特征,矿化过程中,成矿母岩的稀土元素总量逐渐降低,轻重稀土发生明显分异;金属硫化物的δ~(34)S值介于+0.5‰~+4.8‰,具有幔源硫的特征。综合分析认为八大关铜钼矿床形成于晚三叠世,蒙古一鄂霍茨克洋向南俯冲过程中,深部岩浆活动带来了大量成矿物质,洋壳部分熔融侵位到额尔古纳地块之上,随热液流体迁移的Cu、Mo等元素与源自地幔的硫相结合,最终富集成矿。     

Re-Os同位素示踪与定年研究进展及发展趋势

Re-Os同位素是近年来发展起来的一门新兴的同位素地球化学方法,已广泛应用于金属矿床、壳—幔作用和有机质样品等的示踪和定年。本文综述了近年来对Re-Os同位素的研究成果,总结了Re-Os同位素分析测试技术、地质上的应用、测试样品种类等科学问题上的研究进展。在介绍各种分析方法和应用的优越性及其不足的基础上,提出了今后的发展方向,认为提高Re-Os同位素分析测试水平、拓展测试样品种类、与其它常规的同位素体系结合起来应用是Re-Os同位素体系今后的发展趋势。     

黑龙江鹿鸣斑岩型钼矿床 Ｒe——Os 同位素定年及其地质意义

黑龙江鹿鸣钼矿床是近年来新发现的特大型钼矿床,矿体呈浸染状赋存于燕山早期的二长花岗岩中,属典型的斑岩型钼矿床。笔者对鹿鸣钼矿床的辉钼矿进行了 Ｒe--Os 同位素测试分析,结果显示: 辉钼矿中 Ｒe 含量为 11. 896 ～15. 714 μg/g,矿床的成矿物质来源为壳幔混合源,以壳源为主; Ｒe --Os 模式年龄为 ( 180. 2 ～185. 9) Ma,加权平均年龄为 ( 183. 4 ± 2. 2) Ma。结合最新的赋矿围岩成岩年龄,显示成矿与成岩同时或稍晚于成岩,即鹿鸣钼矿床形成于早侏罗世,为小兴安岭-张广才岭成矿带燕山早期大规模构造--岩浆--成矿事件的产物,成矿与古太平洋板块的俯冲有关。     

河南云台山世界地质公园红石峡谷形成年代研究

地貌年代是地貌学研究的重要内容,红石峡谷作为云台山世界地质公园重要的地貌景观与地质遗迹资源,其形成年代的研究具有重要科学意义。本文对红石峡谷地貌特征进行了详细野外调查及研究,通过地貌对比及释光法测年对红石峡谷的形成年代、新构造运动对峡谷的控制作用进行了探讨。红石峡谷具有年轻河谷的地貌特征:平面展布明显受构造节理控制、横剖面呈现V型、纵剖面为上凸形;用热释光法(TL)测得红石峡谷谷肩河流相砂砾石层泥质胶结物年代为(374.86±31.86)ka B.P.;与谷肩宽谷同期发育的灰岩溶蚀裂隙中蚀余红土的年龄为(340.74±28.96)ka B.P.;控制红石峡形成的黑龙潭断裂其分支断裂中断层泥年代为(300.04±25.50)ka B.P.。据以上证据并与子房河阶地级序及年代的综合对比认为:红石峡谷主要受黑龙王庙断裂的控制,形成于中更新世中期(Qp2-2)451—(374.86±31.86)ka B.P.之后。本研究利用测年数据对红石峡谷形成年代进行了定量约束,对太行山南缘地貌与新构造运动的研究具有参考价值。     

Gold-hosting high Ba-Sr granitoids in the Xincheng gold deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,East China: Petrogenesis and tectonic setting

The Xincheng deposit is the only large gold deposit with a proven reserve of >200 t gold hosted by the Early Cretaceous granitoids in northwest Jiaodong Peninsula, East China. The granitoids hosting this ore deposit comprise an inner medium- to fine-grained quartz monzonite and an outer medium- to coarse-grained monzogranite with distinctive K-feldspar megacrysts. LA–ICP–MS zircon dating yields U–Pb ages of 128 ± 1 to 132 ± 1 Ma and 127 ± 2 to 129 ± 1 Ma, for the quartz monzonite and the monzogranite, respectively. The Early Cretaceous ages obtained in our study are comparable with the 126–130 Ma age range reported for the Guojialing granitic suite. The monzogranites, typical high Ba–Sr granites, possess high SiO₂ (70.89–73.35%), K₂O (3.85–4.32%), total alkalis (K₂O + Na₂O = 8.08–8.68%), Sr (634–888 ppm), Ba (1395–2111 ppm) and LREE (59.43–145.88), with low HREE and HFSE contents and insignificant Eu anomalies. The rocks display markedly high Sr/Y (114–297) and (La/Yb)_N (20–79) ratios. They have low MgO (0.23–0.62%), Cr (0.4–8.33 ppm) and Ni (0.47–2.92 ppm) contents. The typical high Ba–Sr signatures of the outer acidic monzogranites are also shared by the inner intermediate-acidic quartz monzonites, with a relatively higher abundance of these elements. The plagioclases in the quartz monzonites and monzogranites are oligoclase–andesine with An contents of 11.7–44.5%, and oligoclase with An contents of 12.9–29.3%, respectively, which both show the reverse zoning texture. The quartz monzonites have zircon ε_Hf(t) values of −21.3 to −13.9 (average −18.7), which are less negative and show larger variations than those of the monzogranites (ε_Hf(t) = −24.7 to −18.1, average −19.5). Detailed elemental, mineralogical and isotopic data suggest that the high Ba–Sr quartz monzonites and monzogranites were most likely generated by partial melting of the basement rocks of the Jiaobei terrane accompanied by crustal assimilation, with minor addition of the intermediate magma derived from the partial melting of juvenile mafic lower crust formed by the earlier underplating of mantle magma, and the quartz monzonites may represent the path of intermediate magma inputting into felsic magma. In combination with previous investigations, we suggest subduction of the paleo-Pacific slab beneath the North China Craton (NCC) and associated asthenosphere upwelling were most likely the mechanism associated with the generation of the high Ba–Sr granites.     

Crustal recycling through intraplate magmatism: Evidence from the Trans-North China Orogen

The North China Craton (NCC) preserves the history of crustal growth and craton formation during the early Precambrian followed by extensive lithospheric thinning and craton destruction in the Mesozoic. Here we present evidence for magma mixing and mingling associated with the Mesozoic tectonic processes from the Central NCC, along the Trans-North China Orogen, a paleo suture along which the Eastern and Western Blocks were amalgamated at end of Paleoproterozoic. Our investigations focus on two granitoids – the Chiwawu and the Mapeng plutons. Typical signatures for the interaction of mafic and felsic magmas are observed in these plutons such as: (1) the presence of diorite enclaves; (2) flow structures; (3) schlierens; (4) varying degrees of hybridization; and (5) macro-, and micro-textures. Porphyritic feldspar crystals show numerous mineral inclusions as well as rapakivi and anti-rapakivi textures. We present bulk chemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology and REE data, and Lu–Hf isotopes on the granitoids, diorite enclaves, and surrounding basement rocks to constrain the timing of intraplate magmatism and processes of interaction between felsic and mafic magmas. Our LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb data show that the pophyritic granodiorite was emplaced at 129.7 ± 1.0 Ma. The diorite enclaves within this granodiorite show identical ages (128.2 ± 1.5 Ma). The basement TTG (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite) gneisses formed at ca. 2.5 Ga coinciding with the major period of crustal accretion in the NCC. The 1.85 Ga age from zircons in the gabbro with positive Hf isotope signature may be related to mantle magmatism during post-collisional extension following the assembly of the Western and Eastern Blocks of the NCC along the Trans-North China Orogen. Our Hf isotope data indicate that the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic basement rocks were derived from complex sources of both juvenile magmas and reworked ancient crust, whereas the magma source for the Mesozoic units are dominantly reworked basement rocks. Our study provides a window to intraplate magmatism triggered by mantle upwelling beneath a paleosuture in the North China Craton.