Middle Carboniferous crustal melting in the Variscan Belt: New insights from U–Th–Pbtot. monazite and U–Pb zircon ages of the Montagne Noire Axial Zone (southern French Massif Central)

In France, the Devonian–Carboniferous Variscan orogeny developed at the expense of continental crust belonging to the northern margin of Gondwana. A Visean–Serpukhovian crustal melting has been recently documented in several massifs. However, in the Montagne Noire of the Variscan French Massif Central, which is the largest area involved in this partial melting episode, the age of migmatization was not clearly settled. Eleven U–Th–Pb_tot. ages on monazite and three U–Pb ages on associated zircon are reported from migmatites (La Salvetat, Ourtigas), anatectic granitoids (Laouzas, Montalet) and post-migmatitic granites (Anglès, Vialais, Soulié) from the Montagne Noire Axial Zone are presented here for the first time. Migmatization and emplacement of anatectic granitoids took place around 333–326 Ma (Visean) and late granitoids emplaced around 325–318 Ma (Serpukhovian). Inherited zircons and monazite date the orthogneiss source rock of the Late Visean melts between 560 Ma and 480 Ma. In migmatites and anatectic granites, inherited crystals dominate the zircon populations. The migmatitization is the middle crust expression of a pervasive Visean crustal melting event also represented by the “Tufs anthracifères” volcanism in the northern Massif Central. This crustal melting is widespread in the French Variscan belt, though it is restricted to the upper plate of the collision belt. A mantle input appears as a likely mechanism to release the heat necessary to trigger the melting of the Variscan middle crust at a continental scale.     

青藏高原西北缘郭扎错断裂~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学研究——阿尔金断裂西延的新证据

采自阿尔金断裂西南端、沿郭扎错—龙木错—空喀山口一线展布的郭扎错断裂内的糜棱岩样品中同构造黑云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar同位素测年的坪年龄分别为105.9Ma±0.5Ma、121.5Ma±0.6Ma、150.4Ma±0.9Ma,表明其早期韧性变形事件发生在晚侏罗世和早白垩世晚期,与阿尔金断裂带主期活动的时期基本一致,为阿尔金断裂带西延提供了新的证据。研究表明,郭扎错断裂与阿尔金断裂带具有一致的变形年代学特征、构造特征等属性,前者是后者的西延部分,二者为同一构造带,均是拉萨地块整体向北运动的动力环境下所产生的脉冲式构造活动的产物。     

Re-Os geochronology of Cu and W-Mo deposits in the Balkhash metallogenic belt,Kazakhstan and its geological significance

<正>The Central Asian metallogenic domain(CAMD) is a multi-core metallogenic system controlled by boundary strike-slip fault systems.The Balkhash metallogenic belt in Kazakhstan,in which occur many large and super-large porphyritic Cu—Mo deposits and some quartz vein- and greisen-type W—Mo deposits,is a well-known porphyritic Cu—Mo metallogenic belt in the CAMD.In this paper 11 molybdenite samples from the western segment of the Balkhash metallogenic belt are selected for Re—Os compositional analyses and Re—Os isotopic dating.Molybdenites from the Borly porphyry Cu deposit and the three quartz vein-greisen W—Mo deposits—East Kounrad.Akshatau and Zhanet—all have relatively high Re contents(2712—2772μg/g for Borly and 2.267—31.50μg/g for the other three W—Mo deposits),and lower common Os contents(0.670—2.696 ng/g for Borly and 0.0051—0.056 ng/g for the other three).The molybdenites from the Borly porphyry Cu—Mo deposit and the East Kounrad,Zhanet,and Akshatau quartz vein- and greisen-type W—Mo deposits give average model Re—Os ages of 315.9 Ma,298.0 Ma,295.0 Ma,and 289.3 Ma respectively.Meanwhile,molybdenites from the East Kounrad,Zhanet,and Akshatau W—Mo deposits give a Re—Os isochron age of 297.9 Ma,with an MSWD value of 0.97.Re-Os dating of the molybdenites indicates that Cu—W—Mo metallogenesis in the western Balkhash metallogenic belt occurred during Late Carboniferous to Early Permian(315.9—289.3 Ma),while the porphyry Cu—Mo deposits formed at—316 Ma,and the quartz vein-greisen W—Mo deposits formed at ~298 Ma.The Re—Os model and isochron ages thus suggest that Late Carboniferous porphyry granitoid and pegmatite magmatism took place during the late Hercynian movement.Compared to the Junggar-East Tianshan porphyry Cu metallogenic belt in northwestern China,the formation of the Cu—Mo metallogenesis in the Balkhash metallogenic belt occurred between that of the Tuwu-Yandong in East Tianshan and the Baogutu porphyry Cu deposits in West Junggar. Collectively,the large-scale Late Carboniferous porphyry Cu—Mo metallogenesis in the Central Asian metallogenic domain is related to Hercynian tectono-magmatic activities.     

东秦岭华县西沟钼矿床Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

东秦岭华县西沟钼矿床位于华北陆块南缘老牛山岩体与华山岩体所夹持的EW向长廊中,产出于太古界太华群黑云斜长片麻岩地层内。该矿床已经被确定为中型矿床。西沟钼矿区内构造发育,岩浆活动强烈,展布的多条长石-石英脉、碳酸盐脉型钼矿体主要受近EW向剪切带控制,矿石类型以石英脉型、长石-石英脉型、方解石-石英脉型及蚀变岩型为主。应用Re-Os同位素地质年代学方法测得西沟钼矿床的成矿模式年龄为(206.7±2.8)~(214.7±2.8)Ma,等时线年龄为(212.4±2.8)Ma,属于印支晚期;辉钼矿Re质量分数为(306.6~401.0)×10-6,暗示成矿物质主要来源于上地幔。区域成矿条件对比发现,西沟钼矿床与黄龙铺钼矿床在成矿时代、成因类型等方面具有一致性,矿床类型划归为长石-石英脉、碳酸盐脉型。依据化探异常及初步勘查结果,预测西沟地区深部可能存在有隐伏岩体,具有寻找大型钼矿床的潜力。     

内蒙古敖汉旗克力代岩体锆石U-Pb年代及地球化学

通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年对内蒙古敖汉旗克力代岩体进行研究。结果表明,岩浆锆石的加权平均年龄为263±1 Ma,表明其结晶年龄为中二叠世。岩石地球化学分析表明,岩体具有高Si(SiO2=69.94%～72.56%),富ALK(Na2O+K2O=8.04%～9.23%),贫Fe(FeOT=1.50%～1.82%)、Mg(MgO=0.65%～0.86%)、Ti(TiO2=0.32%～0.35%)的特点;A/CNK值为0.87～0.93,为准铝质;A/NKC1.1,显示出I型花岗岩特征。固结指数(SI)为6.06～7.36,分异指数(DI)为88.82～91.82,说明岩体经历了较强的分异演化作用。稀土元素总量较低(ΣREE=91.76×10-6～143.16×10-6),轻稀土明显富集,重稀土相对亏损,LREE/HREE值平均为9.14,(La/Yb)N平均值为8.36,δEu平均值为0.58,为Eu亏损型。大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、K较富集,强烈亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ti、Ta。因此,判定克力代岩体为高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。结合测年结果和地球化学特征,判定该岩体为晚海西期华北板块和西伯利亚板块碰撞作用形成的同碰撞型花岗岩。     

Re-Os同位素在沉积地层精确定年及古环境反演中的应用进展

Re-Os同位素亲有机质的性质,使得富有机质沉积岩在沉积的过程中能够吸附富集海水中的Re、Os,沉积岩的沉积压实过程也是其中Re-Os同位素体系封闭计时的过程,沉积岩Re-Os同位素等时线年龄代表地层沉积时代,Os同位素初始比值187Os/188Os反映沉积时海水的Os同位素比值。Re-Os同位素体系在富有机质沉积岩中的成功应用,能够直接确定地层沉积时代,从而对地层界线进行直接厘定,并且能够对一些沉积矿床形成时代、冰川事件发生时代进行厘定和限制。通过沉积岩Re-Os同位素特征,可以对古环境进行反演,有助于了解全球大气海洋的演化,气候的变化,对研究生物灭绝等重大地质事件发生的时限和机制以及金属矿床的成矿物质来源具有重要意义。文章阐述了Re-Os同位素在富有机质沉积岩中应用的原理,并列举了Re-Os同位素在沉积地层精确定年及古环境反演中应用实例,说明了富有机质沉积岩Re-Os同位素分析精度及其影响因素,以使Re-Os同位素体系作为一种强有力的工具,解决更多的沉积地层时代问题以及更好地对古环境进行反演。     

河南栾川火神庙钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

火神庙矽卡岩型钼矿床是东秦岭钼矿带栾川矿集区近些年查明的一个中型钼矿床,钼矿体主要赋存于火神庙复式岩体与新元古界蓟县系三川组大理岩接触带的矽卡岩中。为厘定火神庙钼矿床的成矿时代、成矿物质来源及与南泥湖—三道庄、上房沟钼矿床的关系,采用ICP-MS辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年法对6件辉钼矿样品进行成矿年龄测定,获得的模式年龄为146.1Ma±2.0Ma~148.1Ma±2.1Ma,年龄加权平均值为147.01Ma±0.95Ma,等时线年龄为145.7Ma±3.9Ma,表明火神庙钼矿床形成于晚侏罗世。辉钼矿样品的Re含量为39×10-6~65.4×10-6,显示成矿物质来源于壳幔混源。火神庙钼矿床与南泥湖—三道庄、上房沟钼矿床均为栾川矿集区晚侏罗世第二次岩浆活动的产物,它的发现为在栾川矿集区西部寻找矿产资源提供了依据。     

北祁连下古城花岗岩体LA ICP MS锆石U Pb年代学及岩石化学特征

下古城花岗岩体分布于北祁连造山带南缘,岩性主要为石英闪长岩—花岗闪长岩,SiO2质量分数在58.78%~69.53%之间,Al2O3含量为14.30%~15.30%之间,A/CNK为0.86~1.08,属准铝质—弱过铝质,钙碱性—高钾钙碱性系列的I型花岗岩。整体上,具有低SiO2,高CaO、FeOT和MgO的岩石地球化学特征。稀土总量(ΣREE)为87.22×10-6~150.54×10-6,ΣLREE/ΣHREE为6.24~11.11,表明轻重稀土弱分异。富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、Pb、La等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti等,说明下古城花岗岩主要由壳源物质部分熔融形成。锆石原位Lu-Hf同位素分析结果表明,石英闪长岩的εHf(t)=-5.7~-0.7,二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)为1.51~1.83Ga,暗示源岩可能主要为中元古代增生的地壳物质。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学结果表明,下古城石英闪长岩的侵位年龄为505.4±4.1Ma(MSWD=0.78,n=21),与北祁连造山带南缘的柯柯里花岗岩(512Ma~501Ma)、野马咀花岗岩(~508Ma)形成的地球动力学背景相似,均属于北祁连洋向南俯冲活动大陆边缘的岛弧环境。     

Geochemistry,and zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology of Jilongshan Cu–Au deposit,southeastern Hubei Province,China

The Jilongshan skarn Cu–Au deposit is located at the Jiurui ore cluster region in the southwestern part of the Middle–Lower Yangtze River valley metallogenic belt. The region is characterized by NW‐, NNW‐ and EW‐trending faults and the mineralization occurs at the contact of lower Triassic carbonate rocks and Jurassic granodiorite porphyry intrusions. The intrusives are characterized by SiO₂, K₂O, and Na₂O concentrations ranging from 61.66 to 67.8 wt.%, 3.29 to 5.65 wt.%, and 2.83 to 3.9 wt.%, respectively. Their A/CNK (A/CNK = n(Al₂O₃)/[n(CaO) + n(Na₂O) + n(K₂O)]) ratio, δEu, and δCe vary from 0.77 to 1.17, 0.86 to 1, and 0.88 to 0.96, respectively. The rocks show enrichment in light rare earth elements ((La/Yb)_N = 7.61–12.94) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE), such as Zr, Ti. They also display a peraluminous, high‐K calc‐alkaline signature typical of intrusives associated with skarn and porphyry Cu–Au–Mo polymetallic deposits. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) zircon U–Pb age indicates that the granodiorite porphyry formed at 151.75 ± 0.70 Ma. A few inherited zircons with older ages (677 ± 10 Ma, 848 ± 11 Ma, 2645 ± 38 Ma, and 3411 ± 36 Ma) suggest the existence of an Archaean basement beneath the Middle–Lower Yangtze River region. The temperature of crystallization of the porphyry estimated from zircon thermometer ranges from 744.3 °C to 751.5 °C, and 634.04 °C to 823.8 °C. Molybdenite Re–Os dating shows that the Jilongshan deposit formed at 150.79 ± 0.82 Ma. The metallogeny and magmatism are correlated to mantle–crust interaction, associated with the subduction of the Pacific Plate from the east. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国内生钼矿床辉钼矿的微量元素特征研究

近年来,金属硫化物微量元素研究取得了重大进展,但主要局限于少数常见的硫化物,如黄铁矿。辉钼矿作为内生金属矿床最常见的金属硫化物之一,目前对其微量元素的研究成果还很少,对微量元素的赋存状态及其揭示的成因意义还不明。文章尝试性地对中国57个内生独立钼矿床或共伴生钼矿床中的辉钼矿进行了ICP_MS微量元素分析。结合元素的地球化学性质及前人的研究成果,认为除Re、Os等少数元素可成类质同象存在于辉钼矿中以外,推测大部分微量元素可能以固溶体出溶、机械混入物或流体包裹体等形式存在于辉钼矿中。各矿床中辉钼矿微量元素相对于中国陆壳富集Cu、Zn、Pb、W等常见的成矿元素,暗示不同地质环境下不同时代和矿床类型的成钼流体搬运的成矿元素具有一致性和普遍性,这是造成钼多金属矿床金属元素矿化分带的基础。辉钼矿的主要微量元素呈对数正相关,受矿床类型和产出环境影响不大;辉钼矿Co/Ni比值多数1,集中于0.01~0.57,不同矿床类型的Co/Ni比值具有一定规律性:当w(Co)30μg/g时,斑岩型和矽卡岩型矿床中辉钼矿的Ni含量比较稳定;当w(Co)30μg/g时,Ni含量比较高;石英脉型矿床的Co/Ni比值变化较大,且小于斑岩型矿床的Co/Ni比值。在内生金属矿床中,辉钼矿主要形成于还原性环境中,但石英脉型矿床的形成条件与斑岩型矿床相比,其氧化性明显增强。根据分析结果和前人研究成果,推测成钼流体应为富CO2和Cl-(个别还富含F-)以及部分还原性气体成分(H2、CO、CH4等)的成矿流体。