The effect of a central supermassive black hole on gas fuelling

When a supermassive black hole exists in the centre of a galaxy, an additional inner Lindblad resonance (ILR) exists inside the usual ILRs. We study gas dynamics in a weakly barred potential with a central supermassive black hole by using 2D numerical simulations, and we investigate the effect of the additional ILR on the fuelling of gas into nuclear starburst regions or active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our numerical results show that strong trailing spiral shocks are formed at the resonance region, and that the gas in the shock region is rapidly fuelled into a central region and makes a nuclear gas ring. As a result, a large amount of gas is concentrated in the nuclear region beyond the ILR in a dynamical time-scale.     

Density cusps: restrictions on non-axisymmetric models

Galactic nuclei are now generally thought to have density cusps in their centres, and the evidence is mounting that as a consequence they are unlikely to be triaxial. Self-consistent stellar dynamical models of non-axisymmetric cusps would be an interesting counter-argument to this conclusion. We consider 2D analogues of triaxial cusps: a sequence of non-axisymmetric, cuspy discs first described by Sridhar & Touma. Scale-free models with potential Φ ∝  r ^α are examined in detail. It is shown analytically for 0 < α ≲ 0.43 that self-consistent models with positive phase-space density do not exist. Numerical solutions of the combined Vlasov and Poisson equations suggest that the whole sequence of models with 0 < α < 1 are also unphysical. Together with existing work on cusps, we conclude on purely theoretical grounds that galactic nuclei are not expected to be triaxial.     

New paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric results for Early Cretaceous rocks from the Turpan intramontane basin,east Tianshan,northwest China

~~New paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric results for Early Cretaceous rocks from the Turpan intramontane basin,east Tianshan,northwest China~~     

Lithology, kinematics and geochronology related to Late Mesozoic basin-mountain evolution in the Nanxiong-Zhuguang area, South China

The Nanling Mountain is an important Mesozoic orogenic belt in the south of China, its E-W-trending granites and adjacent sedimentary basins form a dis-tinctive basin-mountain landform. The Nanxiong basin and the Zhuguang granite, both located in the northern Nanling belt, make up a typical basin-mountain sys-tem. Since the 1970s, a systematical research on gran-ites and their deposit ores was carried out, from that the two main viewpoints were proposed[1—5], including (1) the polyphase gr…     

Flow kinematics of focused wave groups on a plane beach in the U.K. Coastal Research Facility

Measurements are presented of the water particle kinematics of focused wave groups generated in the U.K. Coastal Research Facility. Single and repeated wave groups are considered at normal and 20° incidence to a 1:20 plane beach. The single focused wave groups model extreme transient events without the complication of reflections during the data acquisition process. A symmetry-based separation of harmonics method is used to interpret the water particle kinematics at the point of focus. Although the largest component is linear, there are also considerable second order kinematics terms (both low frequency and high frequency). Away from the free surface, the 2nd order difference contribution to the kinematics is a return current opposed to the direction of wave advance. For repeated wave groups, the measured kinematics confirms the presence of a low frequency free wave, followed by higher frequency waves of the main group and trailing higher order harmonic waves. In the breaker and surf zones, there is also evidence of the saw-tooth behaviour of broken waves, followed by scatter due to breaker-induced turbulence. Pulsatile wave breaking of repeated wave groups at oblique incidence is found to drive a longshore current.     

Kinematics of overturning solitary waves and their relations to breaker types

Numerical simulations using a full-nonlinear BIM (Boundary Integral Method) potential-theory wave model are carried out to study the internal velocity and acceleration fields of an solitary wave overturning on a reef with vertical face (submerged breakwater) and their relation to breaker type. The simulations make it clear that the jet size normalized by the incident wave height is uniquely governed by the crown height of the reef, while the jet shape is similar and independent of the size. Further, they reveal that the overall internal kinematics of overturning waves is clearly related to the jet size. As the jet size increases and the breaker type changes from spilling to plunging, the kinematics thus become increasingly different from those of steady waves. Water particles with the greatest velocities or accelerations within the wave converge towards the jet. After the breaking, both of the velocities and accelerations almost simultaneously reach extreme values near locations beneath the jet. Some of the extreme values are closely related to the breaker type and can be uniquely determined by substituting the breaker type index into the regression equations suggested here.     

Three-dimensional Geometry and Kinematics of the Changning Anticline in the Southern Sichuan Basin

In this study, we aim to clarify the structural characteristics and deformation process of the Changning anticline. We carefully interpret 38 two-dimensional (2D) seismic profiles in the study area and establish three-dimensional (3D) geometric and quantitative kinematic models of the Changning anticline. This study shows that the basement fault controls the formation of the Changning anticline. The fault slope of the main fault in the basement shows ‘steep in the upper and gentle in the lower’ structural characteristics vertically, possessing obvious segmentary characteristics transversely and presents the overall characteristics of ‘steep in the east and gentle in the west’. Further analysis shows that the Changning anticline proceeds west and terminates at the boundary defined by current surface features but gradually disappears westward across the Mt. Huaying fault zone. Furthermore, we identified that deformation of the Changning anticline began during the early Yanshanian movement period. Under compressional stress from the southeast, the anticline slid forward along the basement fault until the end of the Yanshanian movement period, when the dominant WNW–ESE structure gradually emerged. Since the Himalayan movement period, a series of NE-trending structures have been formed in the anticline, owing to multi-directional compressive stress.     

祁连山北缘早白垩世榆木山逆冲推覆构造与油气远景

榆木山地处祁连山北缘与河西走廊南缘的盆山结合带,是青藏高原北缘高原隆升与扩展的关键构造带。野外地质调查与构造填图发现,祁连山北缘的榆木山地区发育大型逆冲推覆构造,逆冲推覆构造之下是被掩埋的、褶皱了的早白垩世早期沉积地层,并被随后的走滑断裂活动和走滑双重构造所改造。深地震反射和大地电磁剖面测量与解释的初步结果,验证了祁连山北缘断裂以北发育的逆冲推覆构造,榆木山北缘山系构成飞来峰构造,将早白垩世酒泉盆地的一个分支掩盖在前中生代地层之下。构造关系分析给出主期逆冲推覆作用的时限大致为早白垩世早期,反映了在新生代印度—亚洲碰撞之前存在一期强烈的晚中生代构造挤压事件。逆冲推覆构造之下发现白垩纪盆地油气显示,扩展了该地区油气前景。     

琼海凹陷反转构造特征及油气条件分析

珠江口盆地珠Ⅲ拗陷已经发现了大量反转构造油气藏及含油构造,但拗陷北部的琼海凹陷反转构造带研究程度很低.运用生长指数法及位移-距离曲线法分析了琼海凹陷反转构造的反转时期及活动强度.利用沉积分析及定量模拟的手段评价了该区反转构造的烃源岩、储层、盖层条件.结果显示,琼海凹陷构造反转开始于中新世中期;反转构造带发育始新统烃源岩及渐新统-中新统储盖组合;反转时期与文昌组上部烃源岩主排烃期匹配,反转构造带是琼海凹陷有利的勘探方向.