花石嘴元墓出土化妆品的初步研究

运用红外光谱、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、X射线荧光光谱等分析手段对花石嘴元墓出土的化妆品进行了初步的定性分析和定量分析。结果表明,其主要成分为无机物,以碳酸铅最多,其次为磷氯铅矿,另含有少量石英;有机物含量则非常低,可能为油脂。根据古代文献的记载及相关的研究,推测该化妆品应作肤用增白之用。     

酸碱两种方法消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)分析空气滤膜样品中的19种元素

特氟龙空气滤膜试样用反王水浸泡预消解,电热板加热,反王水-高氯酸-氢氟酸四酸体系分解滤膜样品吸附的空气颗粒物。在无合适监控样品的情况下,采用国家一级标准物质GBW07401模拟滤膜吸附的空气颗粒物与空白滤膜一起消化分解、上机测定,优化ICP-AES光谱仪的最佳测试条件,分析样品中的Ba、Cr、Cu、Li、Mn、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Ti、V、Zn、Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Na共18种元素,测定值与标准物质的认定值相符,各元素分析结果的相对标准偏差RSD在1.42%～9.21%之间,方法回收率在89%～112%之间,元素检出限在0.002 0～0.35 μg/g 之间。滤膜中的Si元素测定采用微波马弗炉碱熔法,水提取酸化定容,同步采用国家一级标准物质GBW03105a模拟空气颗粒物样品加入空白滤膜,灰化碱熔,进行ICP AES测定。相对标准偏差RSD为7.68%,检出限为0.12 μg/g。采用酸溶法和碱熔法2种方法分解样品,实现了空气滤膜样品中19个多元素的快速测定。     

钻孔岩心红外光谱-便携式XRF-磁化率测试在攀西太和钒钛磁铁矿床勘查中的应用

近年来,红外光谱技术因其可以绿色、快速、无损、精确探测矿物和提高勘查效率而备受关注.攀西超大型太和钒钛磁铁矿床位于镁铁质-超镁铁质层状岩体中,该矿床的典型矿物的红外光谱特征研究相对缺乏,制约了勘查效率的提高.本文应用便携式傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对四川太和钒钛磁铁矿床钻孔ZK1307岩心开展热红外光谱测试工作,并辅以便携式...     

云南大坪金矿含金石英脉中高结晶度石墨包裹体:下地壳麻粒岩相变质流体参与成矿的证据

石墨作为各种岩浆岩和变质岩的副矿物可作为主岩形成条件的指示剂。本文利用激光拉曼光谱分析在大坪金矿含金脉石英中发现了大量孤立的石墨固体包裹体,进一步利用激光拉曼光谱和显微测温分析了其寄主矿物的流体包裹体特征,据此探讨了这些石墨包裹体的形成条件和本区成矿流体的来源。结果表明:所有大坪石墨的拉曼光谱都在1576~1580cm-1处出现尖锐的有序O峰,而绝大多数在1355cm-1附近不出现无序的D锋,表明这些石墨具有完全有序结构和完好的结晶度;其寄主矿物流体包裹体主要是纯CO2包裹体和富CO2包裹体。根据大坪石墨的拉曼光谱D:O峰强度比,估计这些石墨形成于麻粒岩相变质温度条件下,与石英中富CO2流体包裹体的均一温度(300.0~420.0℃)极不相称;含金石英脉中包裹体的类型和成分也表明本区不存在从流体中直接沉淀石墨的物理化学条件,因此推测这些石墨形成于下地壳麻粒岩相变质环境下。本区喜马拉雅期切割较深的韧性剪切带从下地壳麻粒岩相变质基底中汲取大量富CO2的流体的同时,还从下地壳携带微粒石墨,富含CO2和高结晶度石墨的成矿流体沿剪切带上升,并在闪长岩体内脆性断裂中沉淀成矿。本文的研究成果再次证实了下地壳流体对大坪金矿成矿的贡献。     

雪宝顶绿柱石的谱学研究

本文对雪宝顶绿柱石的晶体化学、矿物谱学、热释光和流体包裹体特征等进行了分析讨论。结果表明,雪宝顶绿柱石化学成分具有富碱、富水、过渡金属离子以Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｆｅ＾２＋为主的特点。碱金属离子,水和Ｆ＾２＋存在于绿柱石结构隧道中,隧道水分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两类,Ⅰ型水可以进一步区分为Ⅰ１和Ⅰ２两亚类,Ｆｅ＾２＋主要与隧道水结合形成水合离子「Ｆｅ＾２＋（Ｈ２Ｏ）」。Ｆｅ＾３＋主要占位于绿柱石ＡｌＯ６八面体中的Ａｌ     

一种页岩含气性热演化规律研究的模拟实验方法

目前针对页岩气赋存规律研究的热模拟实验主要是沿袭常规油气热模拟方法,以粉末态样品开展模拟,研究对象为岩石生成并排出的烃类气体,这种模拟方式未明确页岩气的实质为"滞留气",并且模拟后样品无法开展扫描电镜分析,不能确定岩石孔隙结构变化规律。本文通过石英玻璃管封装块状样开展页岩生烃热模拟实验,并结合一套数据处理方法,尝试建立了一种适合页岩气研究的热模拟实验方法,研究泥页岩在不同演化阶段(Ro范围为0.596%~2.143%)不同赋存状态气体的含量以及岩石微观孔隙特征的变化情况。结果表明,泥岩及油页岩样品的排出气及解析气含量在高成熟度阶段(400℃以后)有明显增加的趋势,结合扫描电镜微观结构分析显示这是由于有机质生气量以及无机孔隙均有增加。本方法可以研究页岩热演化过程中不同赋存状态气体含量及微观孔隙结构的变化,为页岩气勘探开发提供了一种可参考的方法。     

显微激光拉曼光谱测定单个包裹体盐度的实验研究

水溶液激光拉曼光谱上 O-H 展宽区(2800～3800 cm~(-1))对盐浓度的改变非常敏感,通过计算显微激光拉曼光谱的偏移参数,就可以确定包裹体溶液(室温)的盐度。已有实验证明这种方法适合于标准溶液。人工合成流体包裹体作为天然包裹体的参照物,可以被用来验证许多涉及流体包裹体的假设的有效性,人工合成包裹体是检验激光拉曼光谱测定单个流体包裹体盐度可行性的关键。本文采用 Sterner 等(1984a)提出的方法,在50MPa/100 MPa,500～600℃范围内合成纯 H_2O 体系及 NaCl-H_2O 体系的包裹体,利用合成包裹体对单个流体包裹体盐度的激光拉曼光谱测定进行较为系统的研究。结果表明这种方法确定单个不饱和流体包裹体盐度是可行的,而且较精确(相差 1％±),是一种快速、简便、无损的盐度测定方法。     

沉积物中铁氧化物的定量方法及其 在白垩纪大洋红层中的应用

赤铁矿和针铁矿是自然界中最稳定的两种铁氧化物,广泛存在于地球的各个圈层。很多沉积物的颜色都是由它们引 起的,它们的形成和保存具有重要的环境指示意义。实验室中赤铁矿和针铁矿的表征和鉴定手段很多,但受其含量低、结 晶差、颗粒细小难分离等因素的困扰以及某些测试方法自身的限制,能用于铁氧化物定量分析的方法很少。文中就常用的 基于X射线衍射（XRD） 和漫反射光谱（DRS） 的铁氧化物定量方法进行了系统评价。在定性分析的基础上,采用基于 XRD的K值法获得西藏床得剖面红色页岩中赤铁矿的含量为3.81％~8.11％,采用DRS与多元线性回归相结合的方法获得北 大西洋ODP1049C孔12X岩芯段棕色层中赤铁矿和针铁矿的含量分别为0.13％~0.82％和0.22%~0.81％,橙色层中赤铁矿和 针铁矿的含量分别为0.19%~0.46％和0.29%~0.67％。与其它分析结果的比较表明,这两种定量方法在白垩纪大洋红层中的 应用是可行的。但在实际应用时,首先要通过XRD和DRS相结合来提高定性分析的准确性,然后通过综合分析铁氧化物的 预判含量范围和结晶程度来选择合适的定量方法。     

Metamorphic record of the Asemi‐gawa eclogite unit in the Sanbagawa belt,southwest Japan: Constraints from inclusions study in garnet porphyroblasts

The Sanbagawa belt is one of the famous subduction‐related high‐pressure (HP) metamorphic belts in the world. However, spatial distributions of eclogite units in the belt have not yet satisfactorily established, except within the Besshi region, central Shikoku, southwest Japan because most eclogitic rocks were affected by lower pressure overprinting during exhumation. In order to better determine the areal distribution of the eclogite units and their metamorphic features, inclusion petrography of garnet porphyroblasts using a combination of electron probe microanalyser and Raman spectroscopy was applied to pelitic and mafic schists from the Asemi‐gawa region, central Shikoku. All pelitic schist samples are highly retrogressed, and include no index HP minerals such as jadeite, omphacite, paragonite, or glaucophane in the matrix. Garnet porphyroblasts in pelitic schists occur as subhedral or anhedral crystals, and show compositional zoning with irregular‐shaped inner segments and overgrown outer segments, the boundary of which is marked by discontinuous changes in spessartine. This feature suggests that a resorption process of the inner segment occurred prior to the formation of the outer segment, indicating discontinuous crystallization between the two segments. The inner segment of some composite‐zoned garnet grains displays Mn oscillations, implying infiltration of metamorphic fluid during the initial exhumation stage. Evidence for an early eclogite facies event was determined from mineral inclusions (e.g., jadeite, paragonite, glaucophane) in the garnet inner segments. Mafic schists include no index HP minerals in the matrix as with pelitic schists. Garnet grains in mafic schists show simple normal zoning, recording no discontinuous growth during crystal formation. There are no index HP mineral inclusions in the garnet, and thus no evidence suggesting eclogite facies conditions. Quartz inclusions in garnet of the pelitic and mafic schists show residual pressure values (?ω₁) of >8.5 cm^?1 and <8.5 cm^?1 respectively. The combination of Raman geobarometry and conventional thermodynamic calculations gives peak P–T conditions of 1.6–2.1 GPa at 460–520°C for the pelitic schists. The ?ω₁ values of quartz inclusions in mafic schists are converted to a metamorphic pressure of 1.2–1.4 GPa at 466–549°C based on Raman geothermometry results. These results indicate that a pressure gap definitely exists between the mafic schists and the almost adjacent pelitic schists, which have experienced a different metamorphic history. Furthermore, the peak P–T values of the Asemi‐gawa eclogite unit are compatible with those of Sanbagawa eclogite unit in the Besshi region of central Shikoku, suggesting that these eclogite units share a similar P–T trajectory. The Asemi‐gawa eclogite unit exists in a limited area and is composed of mostly pelitic schists. We infer that these abundant pelitic schists played a key role in buoyancy‐driven exhumation by reducing bulk rock density and strength.     

Micrometeorite impact annealing of ice in the outer Solar System

The spectra of water ice on the surfaces of icy satellites and Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) indicate that the surface ice on these bodies is in a crystalline state. This conflicts with theoretical models, which predict that radiation (galactic cosmic rays and solar ultraviolet) should damage the crystalline structure of ice on geologically short timescales. Temperatures are too low in the outer Solar System for the ice to anneal, and reflectance spectra of these bodies should match those of amorphous solid water (ASW). We assess whether the kinetic energy deposited as heat by micrometeorite impacts on outer Solar System bodies is sufficient to anneal their surface ice down to a near-infrared optical depth . We calculate the kinetic energy flux from interplanetary micrometeorite impacts, including gravitational focusing. We also calculate the thermal diffusion of impact heat in various surfaces and the rate of annealing of ice. We conclude that the rate of annealing from micrometeorite impacts is sufficient to explain the crystallinity of ice on nearly all the surfaces of the saturnian, uranian and neptunian satellites. We discuss how the model can be used in conjunction with spectra of KBOs to probe dust fluxes in the Kuiper Belt.